水/油润滑条件下PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能

将碳纤维(CF)和锡青铜粉(Cu)分别添加到聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)中制备了两种PTFE复合材料,并将其与42CrMo钢环形成摩擦副,研究了两种PTFE复合材料在干摩擦、水润滑和油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了两种复合材料的磨损表面形貌,分析了磨损机理。结果表明:在干摩擦和油润滑条件下,随着碳纤维含量的增加,CF/PTFE复合材料的摩擦因数增大,磨痕宽度减小;两种PTFE复合材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦因数最大,油润滑条件下的摩擦因数最小;而且在油润滑条件下,两种PTFE复合材料的磨痕宽度最小;水润滑条件下的摩擦因数比干摩擦的的要小,但磨痕宽度比干摩擦时的要大;CF/PTFE复合材料的磨损机理主要为疲劳磨损,犁沟形貌不明显;Cu/PTFE复合材料的磨损机理主要为磨料磨损,犁沟形貌明显,伴有疲劳磨损。     

碳纤维改性聚四氟乙烯的摩擦及振动性能

文中研究了20%的碳纤维(体积分数)改性聚四氟乙烯在干摩擦和水润滑摩擦条件下的摩擦系数、磨损性能和摩擦振动性能。结果表明:(1)在干摩擦下,随着线速度增加,摩擦界面生成大量的热,黏着磨损和磨粒磨损严重,表面越来越粗糙,摩擦系数明显变大,摩擦振动加速度增加。而在水润滑条件下,随着线速度增加,摩擦界面间形成了一层水润滑膜,使摩擦系数降低,另外由于转速增加,使流噪声增加,从而使振动增加。(2)在干摩擦下,随着比压增加,摩擦系数和摩擦振动变化较大,而在水润滑条件下,随着比压增加,摩擦系数和摩擦振动变化较小。(3)干摩擦时,碳纤维增强聚四氟乙烯复合材料在不同比压下的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损和黏着磨损;水润滑条件下,碳纤维增强聚四氟乙烯复合材料在高比压下的磨损机理主要是黏着磨损。因此,碳纤维改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料应该在水润滑条件下应用有利于提高耐磨性,降低摩擦系数和摩擦振动。     

莫来石与碳纤维协同填充的聚四氟乙烯基复合材料及其摩擦学性能

为了提高聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）的摩擦学性能,采用机械混匀、带温预压及烧结等工艺制备了莫来石和碳纤维填充的PTFE基复合材料,并通过FTIR、XRD、万能材料试验机、洛氏硬度计、DSC及热机械分析分别表征了PTFE基复合材料的显微结构、力学性能和热学性能;然后,使用MRH-3 型高速环块磨损试验机测定了复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率,通过自制的硅油砂浆磨损装置测定了复合材料在不同温度下的耐砂浆磨损性能;最后,借助3D测量激光显微镜研究了复合材料摩擦面形貌,并分析了摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:莫来石和碳纤维在PTFE体系中起到填充增强作用,20wt%莫来石-10wt%碳纤维/PTFE复合材料的弹性模量由364 MPa增加至874 MPa;20wt%莫来石-10wt%碳纤维/PTFE复合材料的干摩擦系数较大,但其磨损率与纯PTFE相比降低了3个数量级以上,且此复合材料在水摩擦条件下仍能保持较好的摩擦系数和磨损率,摩擦系数为0.157,磨损率为7.40×10-6 mm3·N-1·m-1;此外,20wt%莫来石-10wt%碳纤维/PTFE复合材料在较高温度下仍能表现出良好的耐砂浆磨损性能。所得结论表明改性得到的PTFE 基复合材料的摩擦学性能显著提高,复合材料可用于有杆抽油井防偏磨。      

聚四氟乙烯/碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合体系的摩擦学性能

研究评价了不同PTFE含量的碳纤维增强P1复合材料的力学和摩擦学性能，并分析了在干摩擦和水润滑2种不同条件下的磨损表面形貌和磨损机理。研究表明：PTFE以10%添加时PI/CF/PTFE体系的机械性能最佳，而摩擦学性能以5%添加为佳；随PTFE含量的增加，复合材料的摩擦系数降低，磨损率增加。水润滑下，摩擦系数和磨损率比干摩擦下的都有相应的降低。干摩擦下，材料的磨损均以塑性变形、微观破裂及破碎为主导；水润滑下，这一机制显著减弱，归因于水的润滑和冷却作用。     

碳纤维及石墨填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

利用M-200型环-块摩擦磨损试验机对石墨(Gr.)及碳纤维(CF)填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,探讨了石墨及碳纤维的协同润滑效应.认为碳纤维的加入大大提高了复合材料的承载能力,石墨的加入减小了碳纤维表面与对偶的摩擦系数,从而降低了碳纤维的脱落趋势,提高了复合材料的耐磨性.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对PTFE复合材料的摩擦面及对偶转移膜进行了观察.结果表明,本实验中20%的石墨和10%碳纤维填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能最好,且在高载荷下的摩擦磨损性能尤为突出,具有一定的应用价值.     

纳米Si3N4及其与石墨、MoS2混合填充PTFE摩擦磨损性能研究

用M-2000型摩擦磨损试验机对纳米Si3N4及其与石墨、MoS2混合填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料在干摩擦条件下与45#钢对磨时摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,用洛氏硬度仪对其进行了测量,用扫描电子显微镜对磨损表面进行了观察.结果表明:纳米Si3N4的加入能提高PTFE复合材料的硬度和耐磨性,纳米Si3N4与MoS2混合填充会使PTFE复合材料的耐磨性能提高更多,特别是在载荷增大时其耐磨效果更好.纳米Si3N4能阻止PTFE复合材料中磨损微裂纹的产生,在纳米Si3N4的富聚区,磨损微裂纹较少,在纳米Si3N4的贫聚区,磨损的微裂纹较多.纳米Si3N4填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数比纯PTFE大,且随着载荷增加有所减小,石墨的加入可降低PTFE的摩擦系数.     

不同测试条件下TiN薄膜的摩擦学特性研究

采用电弧离子镀技术在45#钢衬底表面沉积了TiN薄膜.用显微硬度计测试了薄膜的硬度,用球一盘式摩擦磨损试验机评价了在不同测试条件下(干摩擦,水润滑,油润滑)TiN薄膜的摩擦学性能,用表面轮廓仪测试了磨痕处的磨痕轮廓,用配有能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)观察和测试了磨痕形貌和磨痕处主要化学元素组成.结果表明,相对于干摩擦,水润滑和油润滑条件下,TiN薄膜的摩擦系数和磨痕深度都有明显降低的趋势.干摩擦条件下,薄膜表现为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损;水润滑条件下,薄膜表现为疲劳磨损,水对薄膜起到边界润滑作用;油润滑条件下,薄膜几乎无磨损,油起到流体润滑作用.     

纳米陶瓷颗粒填充PTFE基复合材料的干摩擦磨损性能

利用MM-200型环-块摩擦磨损试验机研究了纳米陶瓷颗粒SiC、Si3N4、AlN和TiN对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料在干摩擦条件下与45#钢对磨时的摩擦磨损性能的影响,借助于扫描电子显微镜观察分析了试样磨损表面形貌,并探讨了磨损机理。结果表明:添加纳米TiN减少了PTFE的摩擦系数,而添加纳米SiC、Si3N4增大了PTFE的摩擦系数。与纯PTFE相比,PTFE复合材料的耐磨性能显著提高,其中以纳米AlN的减磨效果最好,纳米Si3N4的减磨效果最差。纯PTFE的磨损机制主要表现为粘着磨损和疲劳磨损,而纳米粒子填充PTFE基复合材料的磨损机制主要表现为不同程度的粘着磨损、犁沟效应和塑性变形特征。     

粘结PTFE基固体润滑涂层在油润滑下的摩擦学性能

为了使粘结固体润滑涂层广泛应用于高新技术领域,探讨了不同滑移速度和载荷下聚酰亚胺粘结聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）基固体润滑涂层干摩擦和油润滑时的摩擦磨损性能,并对涂层与油复合润滑的机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明：随载荷、滑移速度变化,该粘结固体润滑涂层千摩擦和油润滑下的摩擦系数均变化不大;油润滑下涂层的摩擦系数明显低于干摩擦下...     

聚四氟乙烯及其石墨和MoS_2填充复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

利用往复式摩擦磨损试验机,对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)及石墨和MoS2填充的PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行了测定,并利用光学显微镜对PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损表面进行了观察。结果表明,一方面,石墨和MoS2起到了润滑作用,另一方面,石墨和MoS2阻止了PTFE带状大面积破坏,因而使得PTFE的摩擦系数降低,耐磨性提高。     

Friction and wear properties of UHMWPE composites reinforced with carbon fiber

The artificial joint acetabular material ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was reinforced with carbon fibers (CF) in different contents. The effects of CF content on hardness and tribological properties of the materials were studied. The morphologies of wear surfaces were examined with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results show that the hardness and wear resistance of CF-reinforced UHMWPE composites increased with CF content; the friction coefficients under distilled water lubrication were decreased greatly by the addition of CF; that adherence, plowing, plastic deformation and fatigue wear are dominant for the UHMWPE under dry sliding, and that abrasive wear and drawing out of CF from the wear surface of the composites are dominant for the CF-UHMWPE composites under both dry and distilled water lubrication conditions.     

Synergism of carbon fiber and polyimide in polytetrafluoroethylene-based composites: Friction and wear behavior under sea water lubrication

Polytetrafluoroethylene-based (PTFE-based) composites reinforced simultaneously with carbon fiber (CF) and polyimide (PI) of different volume fractions were prepared. The microstructure and phase composition of as-prepared PTFE-based composites were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Besides, their friction and wear behavior under sea water lubrication was evaluated in relation to the synergistic effect between CF and PI using a ring-on-block test rig, and their worn surfaces were also analyzed using SEM. Results showed that the incorporation of PI induced loosening of the microstructure of PTFE but increased the wear resistance. Contrary to the above, the incorporation of CF led to increased compactness of PTFE, and the compactness as well as wear resistance of the PTFE-based composites increased with the increase of CF content. More importantly, the simultaneous incorporation of PI and CF at a proper volume fraction led to drastically reduced wear rate of PTFE under sea water lubrication. This implies that there exists synergistic friction-reducing and wear-resistant effect between PI and CF. As a result, the PTFE-based composite containing 5% PI (volume fraction) and 15% CF had the best wear resistance, showing promising application in ocean environment.     

金属填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用ＭＨＫ－５００型环块磨损实验机,对金属Ｃｕ、ｐｂ及Ｎｉ填充改性的ＰＴＥＦＥ复合材料在干摩擦条件下与ＧＣｒ１５轴承钢对摩时的摩擦磨损性能进行了系统研究,并利用ＪＥＭ－１２００ＥＸ／Ｓ分析电子显微镜和光学显微镜对ＰＴＥＥ复合材料的磨屑及摩擦磨损表面进行了考察。摩擦磨损实验的结果表明,金属填料Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ及Ｎｉ大大改善了ＰＴＦＥ复合材料的耐磨性,ＰＴＦＥ复合材料的磨损量比纯ＰＴＦＥ降低了１－２个数量级     

Friction and wear behavior of carbon nanotubes reinforced polyamide 6 composites under dry sliding and water lubricated condition

The friction and wear behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6/CNT) composites under dry sliding and water lubricated condition was comparatively investigated using a pin-on-disc wear tester at different normal loads. The morphologies of the worn surfaces and counterfaces of the composites were also observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that CNTs could improve the wear resistance and reduce the friction coefficient of PA6 considerably under both sliding conditions, due to the effective reinforcing and self-lubricating effects of CNTs on the PA6 matrix. The composites exhibited lower friction coefficient and higher wear rate under water lubricated condition than under dry sliding. Although the cooling and boundary lubrication effect of the water contributed to reduce the friction coefficient of the composites, the adsorbed water lowered the strength of the composites and also inhibited the formation of transfer layers on the counterfaces resulting in less wear resistance. With the increasing normal loads, the friction coefficient of the composites increased under the dry sliding and decreased under the water lubricated condition, owing to inconsistent influences of shear strength and real contact areas. The specific wear rate of the composites increased under both sliding conditions.     

微米和纳米SiO2改性聚四氟乙烯的摩擦磨损性能

使用超细及纳米SiO₂颗粒填充改性聚四氟乙烯塑料。测量其摩擦系数、磨损系数、结晶度,得到了填加量与复合材料摩擦系数、磨损系数和结晶度的关系曲线,并使用扫描电镜(SEM)对其表面形貌进行了分析。结果表明,无论微米或纳米SiO₂、表面处理后的纳米SiO₂,均使PTFE的摩擦系数有所提高,而耐磨损性能也有大幅度的提高。填充量小于6%时,填加未经偶联剂处理的纳米SiO₂的SiO₂/PTFE复合材料的磨损率降低98.5%;填充量大于6%以后,磨损率趋于稳定;填充量为6%时,摩擦系数仅从未加填料时的0.1提高为0.12。而偶联剂表面处理的纳米SiO₂复合材料的摩擦系数提高幅度最小。      

基于正交设计的纳米蛇纹石-纳米氧化镧/聚四氟乙烯复合材料在沙尘环境下的摩擦学性能

以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为基体,采用正交实验法研究了纳米蛇纹石(nano Serpentine)、纳米氧化镧 (nano La₂O₃)和环境三种因素对nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料摩擦学性能的影响。采用自制沙尘模拟装置改进现有的 MMU-5G摩擦磨损试验机对nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料进行摩擦学实验。通过SEM观察试样磨损表面和转移膜形貌,分析nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料磨损机制。结果表明:环境因素对nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数影响最大,干摩擦摩擦系数比沙尘环境下摩擦系数低;nano Serpentine含量对nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料的磨损率影响最大,当nano Serpentine质量分数为9wt%时,nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料的总体磨损率最低。nano Serpentine-nano La₂O₃/PTFE复合材料的干摩擦的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损,沙尘环境的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损。      

Synergism of several carbon series additions on the microstructures and tribological behaviors of polyimide-based composites under sea water lubrication

The effects of several carbon series additions including graphite (Gr), carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) on the microstructures and tribological behaviors of polyimide-based (PI-based) composites under sea water lubrication were investigated systematically. Results showed that the incorporation of any filler improved the wear resistance of polyimide (PI) under sea water lubrication, but did not decrease the friction coefficient. Especially the combined incorporation of 10%Gr, 10%CF and 5%CNT (in volume) was the most effective in improving the anti-wear properties of PI. This suggested that there existed a synergetic effect among the three carbon series additions on improving the wear resistance of PI. During the friction and wear process, the carbon additions played different roles in improving the wear resistance of PI-based composites. CF with high compressive strength can carry the main load applied on the sliding surfaces to inhibit the wear of PI matrix. CNT can decrease the stress concentration around CF and further protect CF from being broken. Gr in the form of much thinner layer can not only improve the loading capacity, but also play the same role of CNT to avoid CF carrying too much load. More importantly, Gr, CF and CNT worked synergistically to condense the microstructure of PI-based composite and ameliorate the interfacial combination between all fillers and PI matrix, which well explained why the PI–10%Gr–10%CF–5%CNT composite had excellent tribological properties, even under heavy load or high sliding speed.