钛微合金化热轧TRIP钢的连续冷却相变研究

用Formastor-FII相变仪研究了钛微合金化TRIP在不同开冷温度下的连续冷却相变,建立了实验钢的连续冷却转变曲线,分析了铁素体、贝氏体及马氏体的相变规律.结果表明,随着冷却速率的增加,实验钢依次经过铁素体、贝氏体及马氏体相区,在较宽的冷却速率范围内,均可获得贝氏体及马氏体组织,其Ms点为450℃左右;随着开冷温度的降低或冷却速率的提高,实验钢的铁素体及贝氏体开始转变温度降低,抑制了铁素体及贝氏体相变;随着冷却速率的增加,实验钢的显微组织由铁素体+粒状贝氏体逐步转变为板条贝氏体+板条马氏体及板条马氏体组织;当冷却速率较低时,铁素体由晶内铁素体和晶界铁素体组成,晶内铁素体形核质点为复杂的氧化物及硫化物.     

碳素双相钢强度规律的研究

本文在六种不同含碳量的普通碳钢上用亚温淬火获得铁素体加马氏体双相组织,研究了各相的性能和分布对双相钢拉伸强度的影响。试验结果表明:①碳素双相钢的强度与马氏体含量间并不呈简单线性关系;②存在着马氏体对铁素体的相硬化和铁素体对马氏体的相软化,使得两相的显微硬度都随马氏体的含量和马氏体的含碳量的增加而线性上升。文中提出,作为强化相的马氏体对强度的贡献可分为本身承载的直接作用和对铁素体加工硬化的间接作用。双相钢中两相的性能变化和组织形态都促成了混合律不能适用于双相钢。     

连续镀锌DP600双相钢的组织与性能研究

制备了连续镀锌DP600双相钢,利用光学显微镜、SEM、EBSD技术对其显微组织进行了观察和分析;利用X射线衍射和EBSD技术分别对钢板的宏观织构和微观织构进行了测定;并对其力学性能、n值和r值进行了检测.实验结果表明:试样组织为铁素体+马氏体岛的双相组织,该钢板具有良好的综合力学性能和成形性,达到了DP600级别双相钢的性能要求.     

组织对冷轧双相钢性能的影响

采用金相显微镜和透射电镜对两卷冷轧双相钢（7#和16#）的微观组织进行了观察并分析了其组织与性能的关系。结果表明,7#试样组织为多变形铁素体＋岛状马氏体;16#试样组织为饼形铁素体＋岛状马氏体＋大量游离渗碳体,铁素体的尺寸较大,数量较多,马氏体岛的数量较少,尺寸偏大,发生分解的马氏体岛数量较多。16#试样组织未完全再结晶导致组织粗大、细晶强化贡献弱是其屈服强度较低的主要原因;大量未奥氏体的渗碳体导致马氏体岛数量少及发生碳化物分解的马氏体量多是其抗拉强度低的主要原因。     

NM360钢与Q345钢异种钢焊接接头组织与性能研究

为了解NM360钢与异种钢焊接应用过程中焊接接头的力学性能,本文对NM360调质钢和Q345热轧钢采用气体保护焊进行异种钢焊接,对焊接接头进行了力学性能试验及微观组织观察,并分析了NM360钢ICHAZ的软化机理.研究表明:Q345热轧钢焊接接头CGHAZ组织为贝氏体+魏氏组织,为HAZ硬度值最高的区域,FGHAZ和ICHAZ组织为P+F;NM360调质钢焊接接头CGHAZ组织为低碳马氏体,FGHAZ组织为低碳马氏体+少量的粒状贝氏体,晶粒细小,为HAZ硬度值最高的区域,ICHAZ组织为回火马氏体+铁素体+粒状贝氏体,铁素体组织是造成ICHAZ硬度值大幅度降低的原因.     

回火温度对两相区退火海工钢组织和性能的影响

对690 MPa级海工钢进行“淬火+两相区退火+回火”三步热处理,研究了回火温度对其组织和性能的影响、分析了力学性能变化与组织演变和残余奥氏体体积分数之间的关系。结果表明：回火后实验钢的显微组织为回火贝氏体/马氏体、临界铁素体和残余奥氏体的混合组织。随着回火温度的提高贝氏体/马氏体和临界铁素体逐渐分解成小尺寸晶粒,而残余奥氏体的体积分数逐渐增加;屈服强度由787 MPa降低到716 MPa,塑性和低温韧性明显增强,断后伸长率由20.30%增至29.24%,-40℃下的冲击功由77 J提升至150 J。残余奥氏体体积分数的增加引起裂纹扩展功增大,是低温韧性提高的主要原因。贝氏体/马氏体的分解和残余奥氏体的生成,引起组织细化、晶粒内低KAM值位错的比例逐渐提高和小角度晶界峰值的频率增大,使材料的塑性和韧性显著提高。     

1470MPa级双相钢的性能特征与强韧化机制

对0.16C-1.38Si-3.2Mn双相钢进行轧制和退火处理,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等手段表征试验钢的微观组织和断口形貌,分析试验钢经退火后钢板的力学性能和加工硬化行为,重点研究了试验钢晶粒细化的强韧化机制。结果表明:试验钢在800℃退火后的显微组织主要由8.8%铁素体和91.2%回火马氏体构成。退火后的钢板具有良好的综合力学性能,屈服强度为873 MPa,表现为连续屈服特征,抗拉强度为1483 MPa,总伸长率为11%,屈强比为0.58;试验钢的Mn含量、退火前的初始组织、冷轧大变形以及退火过程中关键工艺参数等都有利于试验钢退火板的晶粒细化,铁素体尺寸为1-2μm,马氏体板条束的有效晶粒尺寸为0.2-1.5μm。细小的晶粒有利于阻碍位错的运动和增加裂纹扩展的阻力,从而提高了钢板的强度和塑韧性。     

T91铁素体耐热钢过冷奥氏体转变过程中临界冷却速度的研究

利用DIL805A/D高精度差分膨胀仪,通过线膨胀行为测量与微观组织分析,获得T91铁素体耐热钢连续冷却转变过程中相关动力学信息,结合冷却后T91钢组织特征,确定了T91钢过冷奥氏体转变过程中的临界冷却速度.研究表明:T91钢过冷奥氏体连续冷却过程中只存在铁素体和马氏体转变区,而不出现贝氏体和珠光体转变.在冷却速度为10K/min时该钢获得完全板条马氏体组织,9K/min时组织中开始出现铁素体,即10K/min可以定为T91钢奥氏体向马氏体转变的上临界冷却速度;当冷却速度介于3～9K/min时为马氏体和铁素体的混合组织,冷却速度为2K/min时T91钢中不存在马氏体转变,室温组织为铁素体,即2K/min可以定为T91钢奥氏体向马氏体转变的下临界冷却速度.     

低合金超级贝氏体钢组织形态的研究

针对贝氏体研究中的超级贝氏体组织,设计了试验用钢70MnSi2CrMo,经低温等温处理,获得贝氏体铁素体+残余奥氏体的组织,利用X射线衍射XRD、扫描电子显微镜SEM、透射电子显微镜TEM等仪器对其进行相组成和形态的检测分析.结果表明:在马氏体转变开始温度Ms点稍上的中低温区等温处理,贝氏体铁素体沿γ相晶界转变,无碳化物析出;α相转变排碳导致成分起伏,α/γ交界处过冷奥氏体稳定性增加,难以转变成马氏体;贝氏体铁素体的转变特征、过饱和的碳浓度、高密度位错、以及纳米尺寸相界面和亚结构等,影响着超级贝氏体钢的力学性能.     

超高强铁素体-马氏体双相钢在动态拉伸变形条件下组织和性能研究

通过分段淬火连续退火实验,获得两组铁素体晶粒尺寸大致相同、马氏体体积分数不同的双相钢。选取应变速率为10-4s-1进行准静态拉伸实验;选取应变速率为500s-1和2250s-1在分离式霍普金森拉杆技术进行动态拉伸实验。利用动态因子、Feret比率等定量分析方法研究超高强铁素体-马氏体双相钢在动态拉伸变形条件下的组织和性能。结果表明:应变速率效应在双相钢的动态变形行为中主要起强化作用;马氏体体积分数越低的双相钢应变速率敏感性越大;相比抗拉强度而言,超高强冷轧双相钢屈服强度的应变速率敏感性更大。计算在应变速率为2250s-1动态拉伸变形下产生绝热温升分别为98K和89K,并抵消部分应变速率强化作用。     

The effect of martensite volume fraction and particle size on the tensile properties of a surface-carburized AISI 8620 steel with a dual-phase core microstructure

This study is focused on the production of a dual-phase steel structure in the core of a surface-carburized AISI 8620 cementation steel and the effect of martensite volume fraction (MVF) and martensite particle size (MPS) on tensile properties. Experimental results showed that, compared with specimens with a fully martensitic microstructure in the core, those with a dual-phase microstructure in the core exhibited slightly lower tensile and yield strength but superior ductility without sacrificing surface hardness. In specimens with a dual-phase microstructure in the core, the tensile strength increased and ductility decreased with increasing MVF. Both the tensile strength and the ductility increased with decreasing MPS at constant MVF. The best combination of tensile strength and ductility was obtained with a fine MPS at a constant MVF of 25%.     

国产T92钢高温持久过程中的显微组织演变

对某国产T92钢进行了620,650,700℃三个温度下不同时间的高温持久试验和显微组织观察试验。结果表明:在620,650℃时,随着持久试验时间的延长,T92钢基体显微组织仍保持板条状马氏体形貌特征,碳化物析出数量不断增加,尺寸也有所长大,且持久试验达到一定时间后晶界会产生微孔洞;在700℃长时间高温持久试验后,T92钢基体显微组织板条状马氏体形貌特征消失,且晶界碳化物粗化严重。     

Effect of austenisation temperature on bainite transformation below martensite starting temperature

Effects of austenisation temperature on martensite and bainite transformation behaviour, microstructure, and mechanical properties of a bainitic steel austempered below martensite starting temperature were investigated in this study. Results show that the amount of athermal martensite gradually increased with the increase of austenisation temperature, whereas the amounts of bainite and retained austenite initially increased and then decreased, resulting in the trend of the first increase and then decrease in the product of tensile strength and elongation. In addition, the transformation rate of isothermal bainite after athermal martensite formation revealed a trend of deceleration and then acceleration with austenisation temperature at the beginning period. Moreover, the size of bainite plates decreased first and then increased with austenisation temperature.     

脉冲电流处理对轧制316L不锈钢的快速强化

目的 探究不同参数的脉冲电流处理(EPT)对轧制316L不锈钢拉伸性能、显微硬度及微观组织的影响。方法 将轧制的316L不锈钢作为原始样,调节流过样品的脉冲电流密度,分别为130、170、190、260、310 A/mm²,分析脉冲电流密度与其拉伸性能和显微硬度的关系。结果 轧制316L不锈钢的抗拉强度和显微硬度随着脉冲电流密度的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中当脉冲电流密度为170 A/mm²时达到峰值,抗拉强度由1 485 MPa提升到1 625 MPa,同时显微硬度也由431HV增大到473HV。通过电子背散射衍射分析微观组织可知,与原始样相比,经过脉冲电流处理的样品晶粒尺寸明显减小,马氏体含量明显增多,脉冲电流处理可以促使微观组织快速均匀化。结论 脉冲电流处理可以在短时间内实现轧制316L不锈钢组织的均匀化调控,有效改善轧制316L不锈钢的微观组织,减少轧钢形变织构,促使参与的奥氏体转变为马氏体,使微观组织趋于稳定,同时还可以使轧制316L不锈钢晶粒快速细化,达到细晶强化的效果,有效提高整体抗拉强度和显微硬度。     

Q960E超高强钢焊接接头组织和性能研究

目的 对Q960E超高强钢的焊接工艺进行研究以获得高强高韧的焊接接头。方法 选择超高强钢Q960E作为母材、FK1000ER120S–G焊丝作为填充材料进行MAG焊,采用改变焊接电流的方式来研究焊接热输入对焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果 当焊接电流为155～230 A时,均获得了全焊透无明显缺陷的焊缝。随着焊接热输入的增大,焊接接头中各亚区宽度增大,其中焊缝区变化最为显著,在最小热输入条件下焊缝宽度为3.98 mm,在最大热输入条件下焊缝宽度增至5.53 mm。对焊接接头进行组织分析发现,焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体和板条马氏体;完全相变区组织主要为板条马氏体;未完全相变区组织主要为回火马氏体和部分重结晶形成的马氏体。硬度测试表明,在热影响区的回火区发生了软化现象,最低硬度仅为290HV;在完全相变区发生了硬化现象,硬度最大值可达500HV。在不同热输入条件下,焊接接头各亚区硬度变化趋势一致,焊接接头抗拉强度为995～1 076 MPa,拉伸试验均断裂在热影响区,断后伸长率为9.33%～10.21%,断裂时存在颈缩现象,为韧性断裂。随着热输入的增加,粗晶区马氏体板条束宽度增大,未完全相变区...     

Effect of continuous-cooling transformation structure on mechanical properties of 0.4C-Cr-Mo-Ni steel

Commercially available 0.4C-Cr-Mo-Ni steel was studied to determine the effects on its mechanical properties of various microstructures produced by continuous-cooling transformation after austenitization. A good combination of strength and notch toughness was obtained independently of test temperatures (293 and 193 K) when the steel was austenitized at 1173 K and then continuously cooled at an average rate of 3.1 K s^–1 (expressed as the average cooling rate from 823 to 573 K) before final rapid cooling. The microstructure of the steel consisted of a mixed structure of martensite and 10–15 vol% lower bainite, which appeared in acicular form in association with the martensite. Slower cooling had a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the steel; the microstructure of this steel consisted of a mixed structure of martensite and upper bainite, which appeared as masses in the matrix. As the average cooling rate increased, the lath size and internal stringer-carbide size in the upper bainite were larger, and retained a somewhat increased austenite content.     

Effects of aging temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 1.8Cu-7.3Ni-15.9Cr-1.2Mo-low C, N martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel

The effects of aging temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a newly designed martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, which is 1.8Cu-15.9Cr-7.3Ni-1.2Mo-low C, N steel, for improving the toughness, ductility and corrosion resistance of stainless steel of 1000 MPa grade tensile strength were experimentally investigated. The specimen aged at 753 K for 14.4 ks has a typical lath martensitic structure with about 12% interlath austenite, while the specimens aged at 813 K and 853 K for 14.4 ks have the lamellar duplex microstructure of the reverted austenite and the aging hardened martensite. The formation process of reverted austenite is controlled by diffusion of Ni in martensite. The mean size of precipitates which are enriched with Cu increases with rising aging temperature, however, it is about 30 nm even after aging at 853 K for 14.4 ks. The specimens aged at 813 K and 853 K for 14.4 ks, in which the reversion of martensite to austenite is observed, have the excellent combinations of strength, ductility and toughness.     

回火方式对调质高强度钢组织和性能的影响

为改善高强度钢的塑性和韧性,对同一种低合金高强度钢进行两种不同回火方式的调质处理,淬火+缓慢加热回火的传统调质与淬火+感应加热回火的新调质工艺,分析该工艺对钢的组织与性能的影响.利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察组织及析出物的变化,采用X射线衍射仪分析了钢中残余奥氏体体积分数.结果表明:两种工艺下,钢的组织均为板条宽300～500 nm左右的马氏体组织,感应加热回火调质工艺处理后,板条组织明显,析出物大多约为20 nm,比传统调质处理后的细小;两种不同热处理工艺均能提高钢的屈服强度.感应加热至500℃回火后试验钢具有16%以上的延伸率,-40℃冲击功达到32 J,优于传统调质工艺处理钢板的综合性能.感应加热回火能获得更多小尺寸析出物和更多的残余奥氏体,有利于改善钢的塑性和韧性.     

Microstructure—Properties Correlation of Dual Phase Steels Produced by Controlled Rolling Process

The purpose of this research is to quantify the effects of compositional and processing parameters on the microstructure and properties of dual phase steel produced directly by hot rolling and rapid cooling.Steels with the base composition of 0.1%C,1.4%Si,and 1.0%Mn with additions of 0.5%Cr to influence hardenability,0.04%Nb to retard recrystallization in the latter stages of rolling,or 0.02% Ti to inhibit grain growth during and after reheating were investigated.Investigation was made to predict microstructure evolution and to correlate microstructure with processing parameters.The effects of the important microstructure parameters such as ferrite grain size,martensite volume fraction (VM) and morphology (polygonal or fibrous) on the tensile and impact properties are discussed.Multiple linear regression analysis of the ultimate tensile strength has shown that,increasing VM and martensite microhardness and grain refinement of ferrite are the major contributions to increase the strength of the steel.It was found that the dual-phase steel produced by controlled rolling process,with a microstructure which consisted of fine grained ferrite(4μm) and 35%-40% fibrous martensite,presented optimum tensile and impact properties because of enhanced resistance to crack propagation.