粉煤灰混凝土的抗冻融耐久性

通过试验研究，探讨了强度等级，引气量，粉煤灰品质等因素对普通混凝土和粉煤灰混凝土抗冻融耐久性的影响，结果表明，混凝土的引气量和影响普通混凝土和粉煤灰混凝土抗冻性的决定因素，满足抗冻性要求的引气量取决于相应的混凝土强度等级。本文还推荐了抗冻混凝土最小引气量，最大水灰比的限制值，以及气泡间距指数这一参数值。     

新疆严寒地区粉煤灰混凝土抗冻性研究

研究了引气剂掺量、粉煤灰掺量、水胶比和强度对混凝土抗冻性能的影响.结果表明,粉煤灰混凝土的引气量、水胶比、强度是影响其抗冻性的决定因素,推荐了粉煤灰混凝土在严寒地区提高抗冻性的最佳引气量和最佳水胶比控制范围.     

掺合料对膨胀混凝土强度和抗冻性的影响

以普通硅酸盐水泥、硅灰、粉煤灰、UEA膨胀剂、聚丙烯纤维等为主要原料,用快冻法研究了双掺硅灰与粉煤灰的非引气高性能混凝土的抗冻性,探讨了聚丙烯纤维与掺合料对膨胀混凝土强度和抗冻性的影响规律。结果表明:双掺硅灰和粉煤灰能大幅提高混凝土的强度和抗冻耐久性,聚丙烯纤维在膨胀混凝土中的最佳掺量为0.9kg/m3。     

影响混凝土抗冻性因素的试验研究

水泥混凝土抗冻性是影响其耐久性的关键指标。本次通过水泥混凝土快速冻融试验研究了水灰比、循环次数、含气量、气泡特征参数、掺合料种类等对抗冻性影响的主次因素规律及变化趋势。研究结果表明:含气量、循环次数、掺合料的掺量是影响混凝土抗冻性的主要因素。水泥混凝土抗冻性随着水灰比的升高而降低;随着冻融循环次数的增加而下降;随着气泡间距系数的降低而提高;随着含气量的增加而提高,但当含气量低于4.2%时,混凝土前期抗冻性下降迅速,引气混凝土含气量控制在5.6%~6.4%时具有良好的抗冻性。水泥混凝土中添加一定量的粉煤灰或矿渣粉,混凝土的抗冻性随着掺合比例的增加而降低。但在相同掺量下,改善混凝土抗冻性的效果矿渣粉好于粉煤灰。     

轻细骨料内养护混凝土抗冻融和抗盐冻性能

采用粉煤灰陶砂和页岩陶砂为轻细骨料,研究了水灰比mw /mc为0.4和0.3,引气与非引气情况下轻细骨料内养护混凝土与普通混凝土28d抗冻融和抗盐冻性能.结果表明:当水灰比为0.4时,轻细骨料内养护混凝土抗冻融和抗盐冻性能明显低于普通混凝土,原因是轻细骨料内养护混凝土28 d饱水度明显大于普通混凝土,但适量引气可明显提高其抗冻融和抗盐冻性能;当水灰比为0.3时,轻细骨料内养护混凝土抗冻融和抗盐冻性能较好,无需引气;同等条件下,轻细骨料筒压强度越高,对应混凝土抗冻融和抗盐冻性能越好.     

轻骨料对中等强度混凝土耐久性能影响的研究

研究了不同掺量及种类的轻骨料配制的中等强度混凝土抗渗及抗冻性能,并通过对轻骨料及界面结构的观察研究,分析了轻骨料对中等强度混凝土耐久性能的影响机理。结果表明:对于水灰比较高的中等强度混凝土,轻骨料的掺入可提高混凝土耐久性,这是由于其可细化骨料附近水泥石的孔结构,使得界面区更为致密,而且可使新拌混凝土的含气量有所增加,说明其在混凝土内部具有"引气"作用。但是所选轻骨料吸水率不宜过高,因为其过多的开放连通孔又会对混凝土耐久性不利。本研究条件下,掺量50%的高吸水率粉煤灰陶粒配制的混合骨料混凝土抗渗性已于同水灰比的普通混凝土相当,其抗冻性甚至低于普通混凝土。     

关于抗冻混凝土的含气量及气泡间距临界值的探讨

通过研究对水灰比、含气量对混凝土气泡结构和抗冻性的影响,FHWA质疑了ACI关于保证混凝土抗冻耐久性的含气量与气泡间距的临界值。研究结果表明,在水灰比为0.4～0.5、含气量为2.5%～4.5%范围内,含气量为3.5%和4.5%的混凝土的抗冻性能相似,耐久性系数都在80%以上。水灰比对混凝土抗冻性的影响很小,没有发现水灰比与引气混凝土抗冻性之间存在明显的联系。对混凝土抗冻耐久性具有决定性的影响是气泡间距系数,随着气泡间距的减小,混凝土的抗冻性能在提高。     

粉煤灰陶粒混凝土抗盐冻性能的研究

利用RILEM推荐的混凝土抗冻性能试验标准(CDF)研究了粉煤灰陶粒混凝土与普通混凝土的抗盐冻性能。结果表明:相同强度等级的掺加矿物掺合料的粉煤灰陶粒混凝土的单面抗冻性大大优于普通混凝土的单面抗冻性;矿物掺合料的56次的耐单面抗冻顺序是:硅灰+矿渣硅灰+粉煤灰矿渣+粉煤灰硅灰粉煤灰矿渣。     

矿物掺合料对混凝土气泡特征参数的影响

研究了粉煤灰、矿粉对引气混凝土气泡特征参数的影响.结果表明:无论是单掺还是双掺粉煤灰和矿粉,新拌及硬化引气混凝土的含气量均有不同程度的降低;单掺粉煤灰引气混凝土的气泡间距系数和气泡平均直径降低,有利于提高混凝土抗冻性;矿粉对引气混凝土的气泡特征影响较大,且气泡特征参数的影响无明显的规律性;矿物掺合料一定程度上能改善引气混凝土的气泡结构,有利于提高抗冻性能,但掺量不宜超过30％.     

高强混凝土抗冻耐久性研究

针对强度等级为C30~C70的混凝土,通过快速冻融循环试验、硬化混凝土气孔分析试验测试了不同水灰比、不同含气量水平下混凝土抗冻耐久性能。试验结果表明,当混凝土水灰比不大于0.35时,混凝土可以经受300次以上的快速冻融循环试验,具有优良的抗冻耐久性能,无需引气;对水灰比为0.36~0.50的混凝土,当水泥浆体含气量大于11%时,即可保证混凝土抗冻耐久性指数达到80以上;计算结果表明,水灰比为0.25的混凝土其内部孔隙率仅相当于水灰比为0.50混凝土的50%,低孔隙率是高强混凝土具有抗冻耐久性能的主要因素。     

路面混凝土引气剂评价方法的研究

采用水泥稀浆摇泡法、水泥砂浆扩展度和插捣密度法来评价混凝土引气剂的合理性,并通过硬化混凝土的含气量、气泡结构和冻融耐久性进行验证.结果表明：可以通过水泥稀浆试验对引气剂的引气性能和稳泡性能进行初步判断,初始气泡高度大则引气性能好,气泡高度变化快则稳泡性能差;水泥砂浆扩展度和插捣密度法同样可用于评价混凝土引气剂,引气性能好则同等掺量下对应的引气砂浆插捣密度小,稳泡性能强则砂浆扩展度和插捣密度值的变化小;新拌混凝土含气量和硬化混凝土含气量差异大,并且相关性不强,高频振捣调整了混凝土的气泡间距;稀浆泡沫性能、砂浆扩展度和插捣密度、硬化混凝土含气量以及气泡间距与混凝土抗冻性有一定的对应关系.     

基于孔结构的单面冻后混凝土抗压强度模型研究

通过单面冻融试验,研究了介质和冻融循环次数对混凝土抗冻性能和微观孔结构的影响规律.使用盒维数建立了混凝土单面冻融循环后的孔径分布分形模型,分析了分形维数与抗压强度的关系,建立了基于复合孔参数、分形维数的多因素抗压强度模型.结果表明：在不同冻融介质条件下,混凝土表观形貌、质量损失、相对动弹性模量、抗压强度、抗冻耐久性系数和孔参数随着冻融循环次数的增加逐渐劣化,盐冻对混凝土损伤程度大于水冻;混凝土孔径分布分形维数随着冻融循环次数的增加逐渐减小;在单面冻融循环过程中,混凝土孔参数演化分为初期、中期、后期3个阶段,中、后期对冻融循环作用较敏感的孔参数分别为气孔平均弦长和气孔比表面积、含气量和气孔间距系数;多因素抗压强度模型与复合孔参数、分形维数之间的回归效果显著,可以准确地描述水、盐单面冻融循环前后混凝土抗压强度与孔结构的定量关系.     

Performance comparison of laboratory and field produced pervious concrete mixtures

Portland cement pervious concrete (PCPC) is an environmentally friendly paving material that has been increasingly used in parking lots as well as low volume and low speed pavements. Although specifications are available for the mix design and construction of pervious concrete, there still remains a need for laboratory tests to ensure the anticipated performance of laboratory designed pervious concrete. In this study, the performance of laboratory and field produced pervious concrete mixtures as well as field cores were evaluated and compared through laboratory performance tests, including air voids, permeability, compressive and split tensile strengths, as well as Cantabro and freeze–thaw durability tests. Two types of coarse aggregate, limestone and granite, with two gradings, No. 8 and No. 89 specified in ASTM C33, were used to produce the mixtures. Latex, air-entraining admixture (AEA), and high range water reducer (HRWR) were also added to improve the overall performance of pervious concrete. The results indicated that the mixtures made with limestone and latex had lower porosity and permeability, as well as higher strength and abrasion resistance than other mixtures. Even for pervious concrete, the addition of AEA could still help to improve the freeze–thaw resistance. The comparison between laboratory and field mixtures showed that a properly designed and laboratory verified pervious concrete mixture could meet the requirements of permeability, strength, and durability performance in the field.     

The influence of water on the performance of concrete

The powerful and pervasive influence of water on the performance of Portland cement concrete begins with the removal of water from either moist or wet raw cement feed and ends with application of curing water. Heat of hydration is normalized by mass of water. Due to its low density, water content mass in fresh concrete translates to porosity in hardened concrete, affecting both strength and durability. Water-cement ratio is here interpreted in terms of average spacing between adjacent cement particles, and workability, air, shrinkage, and service life are normalized to water content. Mixture proportioning and control of water content in the field are addressed.     

Influences of mixture composition on properties and freeze–thaw resistance of RCC

The paper reports a series of lab investigations carried out on roller compacted concrete (RCC) mixtures containing a wide range of cement contents (100 and 450 kg/m³). The key objectives were to appreciate the effects of variations in the cement content and air entrainment on basic physical, mechanical properties and freeze–thaw (F–T) resistances of RCC mixtures. The Vebe consistency, moisture–density relations, water absorption, permeable voids, compressive strength, and F–T resistances of comparable mixes were evaluated. Physical and mechanical properties indicated a significant deviation from the behavior shown by conventional concrete. Air entrainment was found to be affecting the strength and F/T durability of the mixes. Further analysis shows wide range applications of RCC in various pavement applications.     

矿渣混凝土的长期强度和抗冻融耐久性研究

通过试验研究,探讨了不同强度等级的矿渣混凝土和普通混凝土在７ ｄ,２８ ｄ,９０ ｄ,１８０ｄ,３６５ ｄ 龄期的抗压强度,研究了矿渣混凝土的抗冻融耐久性．试验表明,强度等级、养护条件、矿渣掺量等因素对矿渣混凝土的强度、抗冻融耐久性有着显著的影响;矿渣混凝土的抗冻融耐久性明显优于同等级的普通混凝土;矿渣掺量愈大,矿渣混凝土的抗冻融耐久性愈差     

掺加粉煤灰免振捣混凝土正交试验研究

对掺粉煤灰自密实混凝土在振捣与不振捣两种情况下，试块的抗压强度和劈拉强度进行了对比，从水灰比、砂率、粉煤灰三方面探讨了影响强度比的因素，重点探讨了粉煤灰对强度比的影响，并对试验结果进行了总结。     

Chloride ion diffusivity of fly ash and silica fume concretes exposed to freeze–thaw cycles

This research focuses on investigating the durability of concretes containing fly ash and silica fume exposed to combined mode of deterioration. For this purpose, the chloride ion diffusivity of concrete was evaluated before and after 300 freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles. It was found that the coefficient of chloride ion diffusivity (CCID) increased as water to cementitious material ratio (w/cm) and air content increased. Test results clearly showed that CCID for all concretes increased after F–T cycles. In addition, concrete incorporating silica fume showed the lowest CCID and highest durability factor (DF), regardless of curing regime, air content, and w/cm. However, fly ash concrete showed good resistance to chloride ion diffusivity before and after F–T cycles when low w/cm as well as a proper curing and air content were provided.     

再生混凝土的耐久性及其改善措施

在大量文献研究的基础上，本文较为全面地综述和分析了再生混凝土的耐久特征及其改善措施，主要包括再生混凝土的抗渗性、抗冻融性、抗硫酸盐侵蚀性、碳化以及氨离子渗透性和耐磨性。研究表明，总体来讲，再生混凝土的耐久性较普通混凝土差。但是，通过减小水灰比、掺加粉煤灰、采用二次搅拌工艺、减小再生骨料最大粒径和采用半饱和状态的再生骨料等措施可以改善再生混凝土的耐久性。最后，提出了关于再生混凝土耐久性需要进一步研究的问题。