端羟基液体丁腈橡胶对聚氨酯泡沫塑料性能的影响

采用一步法制备聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料(RPUF)。考察了端羟基液体丁腈橡胶(HTBN)对聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料表观密度、吸水性能、力学性能等的影响。结果表明:随着HTBN含量的增加,硬泡PU制品的密度逐渐降低,压缩强度、弯曲强度呈降低趋势,吸水率增加。     

水对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料性能的影响研究

采用一步法合成了硬质聚氯酯泡沫塑料(PUF-R),考察了水的用量对PUF-R的表观芯密度、导热系数、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、压缩强度等性能影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了泡孔形态.结果表明,随着水用量的增加,RPUF的密度、导热系数、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、压缩强度逐渐降低,储能模量随之下降,而泡孔直径则逐渐增大.     

催化剂DABCO8154对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料性能的影响

采用一步法合成聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料,考察了催化剂DABCO8154对聚氨酯塑料发泡体系的发泡时间、表观密度、热稳定性能、力学性能等的影响。随着DABCO8154用量的增加,发泡时间缩短,表观密度先下降后提高。压缩性能、弯曲性能随着DABCO8154含量增加逐渐降低。随着DABCO8154的加入,制品热稳定性提高。     

蒸馏水含量对三明治结构硬质聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响

采用异氰酸酯、聚酯多元醇、发泡剂（水）等原料通过一体发泡成型技术制备出一种新型的三明治泡沫夹心复合材料。利用热重分析、扫描电子显微镜等对不同水含量（质量分数分别为0、0.5 %和1.0 %）的硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料的泡孔直径、密度、热导率、压缩性能、三点弯曲和热力学性能等做了研究,进而确定提高硬质聚氨酯性能的最佳工艺。结果表明,随着水含量的增加,硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料泡孔直径增大,密度变小,热导率降低,保温性能提高,而压缩性能和三点弯曲却呈下降趋势;综合考虑硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料泡孔结构和良好的保温隔热及弯曲等力学性能,其最佳含水量为0.5 %。     

海管节点填充用全水高密度开孔聚氨酯泡沫的研究

以聚醚多元醇、匀泡剂、开孔剂、催化剂、增塑剂和多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)为原料制备了海管节点填充用全水发泡高密度开孔聚氨酯泡沫塑料。探讨了聚醚多元醇、匀泡剂与开孔剂、催化剂、增塑剂的选择和用量、自由发泡密度及过填充度对聚氨酯模压泡沫表观芯密度、泡沫状态、开孔率及压缩强度的影响。结果表明：聚醚多元醇C310 30份、聚醚R6350 30份、聚醚F330N 40份、匀泡剂S28 1份、开孔剂O-1 0.4份、催化剂C6 0.4份、催化剂C7 0.2份、催化剂C1 0.1份、增塑剂T2 10份、自由发泡密度为145 kg/m³、过填充度为20.7%时，制备的模压泡沫材料表观芯密度为175 kg/m³、开孔率91%、压缩强度2.2 MPa,能较好地满足海管节点填充的应用。     

PIPA多元醇制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫

合成了聚氨酯改性聚醚多元醇（PIPA多元醇）,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法、凝胶渗透色谱法等方法对其进行表征,发现聚醚多元醇A（TMN-450）/三乙醇胺/甲苯二异氰酸酯为110/10/9（质量比,下同）时,所合成的PIPA多元醇固含量为15 %左右,黏度约为3 400 mPaos,其作为发泡原料性能较好。采用此多元醇制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,考察泡沫稳定剂对体系发泡时间、泡沫塑料的泡孔结构、压缩强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度等力学性能的影响,发现加入1.0份泡沫稳定剂的样品泡孔平均直径约为0.5 mm,孔径分布窄,约40 s起泡,与未改性多元醇制备的泡沫塑料相比,冲击强度提高了23 %,压缩强度和弯曲强度略有上升,同时提高了泡沫塑料的强度和韧性。     

聚丙烯交联发泡结构和性能的研究

以活性纳米碳酸钙为成核剂,偶氮二甲酰胺为发泡剂,研究了未交联和交联聚丙烯发泡的泡孔结构,同时还研究了不同的交联剂含量对聚丙烯发泡制品弯曲强度和无缺口冲击强度的影响.研究表明,适度交联的聚丙烯有利于改善泡孔的结构,加人的纳米碳酸钙作为异相成核点,能够提高制品的泡孔密度.交联剂含量在一定范围内,能够提高PP发泡材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度,有利于发泡材料综合性能的提高.     

发泡方法对硬质交联聚氯乙烯泡沫的影响

文章对硬质交联聚氯乙烯(cross-linked RPVC)进行发泡成型研究,考察了模压法、烘箱法和油浴法等发泡方法对cross-linked RPVC泡沫塑料的密度、交联度、泡孔形态和压缩强度的影响。结果表明,相同的整体密度下,油浴法得到的泡沫拥有更高的密度均匀性,交联度则是烘箱法制备的泡沫最高,模压法得到的泡沫泡孔直径较小,大小分布均匀,且压缩强度较高。     

交联PVC泡沫塑料制备及其导热性能研究

采用热压发泡和水煮发泡工艺制备交联PVC泡沫塑料,制备的弹性体泡孔呈椭圆形结构,分布均匀,泡孔尺寸约为100～200μm,相邻两泡孔间距离约为单个泡孔平均直径。弹性体经水煮后二次发泡,制得交联PVC泡沫塑料,该材料呈类"蜂巢"结构,泡孔尺寸约为500～800μm。通过调节发泡剂用量,制备不同表观密度的交联PVC泡沫塑料,并测定其导热系数。结果表明:导热系数与表观密度呈线性关系,即:k=0. 0775ρ_m+0. 0272。     

POE/EVA复合发泡材料性能

采用化学发泡法制备以聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)为基体,不同含量乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)及马来酸酐(MAH)接枝的乙烯-辛烯共聚物的复合发泡材料,并研究POE对EVA发泡材料发泡行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着POE含量的增加,一方面增加了发泡材料的弹性,压缩永久变形降低,但拉伸及撕裂强度降低,另一方面减小了泡孔直径,增加泡孔密度,POE在质量分数30%的时候性能最好,泡孔直径是79.2μm。而随着POE-g-MAH含量的增加,一方面显著提高了发泡材料的拉伸、撕裂强度及耐磨强度,另一方面进一步降低了泡孔直径,增大了泡孔密度。接枝马来酸酐的POE质量分数在30%～40%发泡材料的性能最好,泡孔直径为68.1μm。     

粉煤灰在水泥发泡轻质保温材料中的应用研究

以水泥、粉煤灰为主要原料,掺加适量激发剂、促凝剂和胶粉,利用自主研制的高效发泡剂,采用先独立发泡、再将泡沫与料浆混合的工艺方法制备粉煤灰/水泥发泡轻质保温材料.研究了不同粉煤灰掺量对保温材料干密度、抗压强度和导热系数的影响,并对各种外加剂的作用机理进行了探讨.结果表明,利用粉煤灰取代部分水泥可降低粉煤灰/水泥发泡轻质保...     

Physical properties of water‐blown rigid polyurethane foams containing epoxidized soybean oil in different isocyanate indices

To explore the potential of isocyanate usage reduction, water‐blown rigid polyurethane foams were made by replacing 0, 20, and 50% of Voranoll® 490 in the B‐side of the foam formulation by epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) with an isocyanate index ranging from 50 to 110. The compressive strength, density, and thermal conductivity of foams were measured. The foam surface temperature was monitored before and throughout the foaming reaction as an indirect indication of the foaming temperature. Increasing ESBO replacement and/or decreasing isocyanate index decreased the foam's compressive strength. The density of the foam decreased while decreasing the isocyanate index to 60. Further decrease in isocyanate index resulted in foam shrinkage causing a sharp increase in the foam density. The thermal conductivity of foams increased while decreasing the isocyanate index and increasing the ESBO replacement. Mathematical models for predicting rigid polyurethane foam density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity were established and validated. Similar to compressive strength, the foaming temperature decreased while decreasing the isocyanate index and increasing the ESBO replacement. Because of the lower reactivity of ESBO with isocyanate, the rate of foaming temperature decrease with decreasing isocyanate index was in the order of 0% > 20% > 50% ESBO replacement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

典型聚磷酸盐对RPUF材料阻燃性能的提效

以可膨胀石墨/甲基膦酸二甲酯体系为基础,引入3种典型的聚磷酸盐阻燃剂:聚磷酸铵(APP)、焦磷酸哌嗪(PAPP)和三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP),制备了聚磷酸盐/磷酸酯/可膨胀石墨三元阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)材料.探究了典型聚磷酸盐对阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料阻燃性能的提效作用,对燃烧性能和物理力学性能进行了分析.在3种...     

新型含磷阻燃型桐油基聚氨酯硬泡的制备及性能表征

桐油与甘油在甲醇钠为催化剂的条件下发生醇解反应得到桐油醇解产物（GTO）,GTO经环氧化得到环氧化桐油醇解产物（EGTO）,EGTO与9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）发生开环反应生成新型含磷阻燃型桐油基多元醇（PTOP）。PTOP部分取代聚醚多元醇（PPG4110）与异氰酸酯及助剂反应,通过一步法制备聚氨酯硬泡（RPUF）。采用万能试验机、热导率测定仪、热重分析仪和锥形量热仪分别考察RPUF的力学性能、热稳定性和燃烧行为。结果表明：随着PTOP替代石油基多元醇的比率增大,RPUF的压缩强度、密度、热导率先增大后减小,热稳定性提高,极限氧指数（LOI）由18.1%提高至26.0%,而总放热量先减小后增大,这主要是由于PTOP结构中的DOPO基团具有阻燃作用而PTOP结构中含有的桐油基脂肪链易于燃烧且热释放量较大。以上结果表明PTOP部分取代PPG4110制备的RPUF具有良好的阻燃性能和热稳定性。     

全水发泡阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的制备与性能

采用多元醇、异氰酸酯、催化剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂等为原料制备了全水发泡阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫(PURF),讨论了聚醚多元醇种类、催化剂、发泡剂、异氰酸酯指数以及阻燃剂对PURF性能的影响。结果表明,聚酯多元醇能够改善泡孔结构,但降低压缩强度和尺寸稳定性;不同催化剂复配,可以控制发泡工艺;水发泡剂与泡沫的密度、泡孔结构、力学性能有关;异氰酸酯指数在1.1～1.2时,泡沫的压缩强度、尺寸稳定性等较好;三(2-氯异丙基)磷酸酯(TCPP)可赋予PURF一定的阻燃性,但对泡体结构、压缩强度和尺寸稳定性有影响。     

Reaction injection molding of polyurethane foam for improved thermal insulation

A study on the apparent thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam was carried out. A HCFC (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) gas and carbon dioxide were used as the physical blowing agent and ultrasonic excitation was applied to increase the rate of bubble nucleation. The thermal conductivity of the binary gas mixture was predicted theoretically to estimate the apparent thermal conductivity of the polymer foam. Effects of conduction and radiation on the apparent thermal conductivity of the cellular polyurethane were considered with respect to the cell size and the effect of convection was neglected because of the small cell size. A laboratory RIM machine was designed and built for foaming experiments. The foaming experiments were performed at various processing conditions, and density, apparent thermal conductivity, number of cells, and cell sizes were measured. Best results such as low thermal conductivity and small bubbles were obtained when the polyol was mixed with the HCFC gas and saturated with carbon dioxide at 0.3 MPa, and foamed with ultrasonic nucleation.     

Effects of firing temperature on the microstructures and properties of porous mullite ceramics prepared by foam-gelcasting

Porous mullite ceramics were prepared at 1300–1600°C for 2?h via a foam-gelcasting route using industrial-grade mullite powders as the main raw material, Isobam 104 as the dispersing and gelling agent, triethanolamine lauryl sulphate as the foaming agent and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the foam stabilising agent. The effects of firing temperature on the sintering behaviour of green samples as well as microstructures and properties of final porous mullite products were investigated. With increasing the temperature from 1300 to 1600°C, linear shrinkage and bulk density values of fired samples increased, whereas their porosity decreased. Mechanical strength and thermal conductivity values of fired samples decreased with increasing their porosities. Even at a porosity level as high as 79.4%, compressive and flexural strengths of fired samples (with average pore size of 314?μm) remained as high as 9.0 and 3.7?MPa, respectively, and their thermal conductivity (at 200°C) remained as low as 0.21?W?(m^?1?K^?1).     

Nanoclay reinforced rigid polyurethane foams

Clay was intercalated and exfoliated by neutralized dimethylol butanoic acid (DMBA) and used to fabricate rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF)/clay nanocomposites. Cream time, gel time, and tack‐free time increased with the addition and increasing amount of clay whereas foam density and compression strength decreased. Cell size, closed cell content, volume change upon heating and cooling, and thermal conductivity of the foam decreased with the addition and increasing amount of clay with a minimum at 2 pphp (parts per 100 polyol by weight). The glass transition and decomposition temperatures increased with increasing clay content due to the restricted motion of chains and barrier property of the clay platelets. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

酚醛-三聚氰胺聚合物改性聚醚多元醇用于聚氨酯硬泡的性能研究

用酚醛-三聚氰胺聚合物改性的聚醚多元醇(PFMP-Polyol)制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫,考察了PFMP-Polyol的用量对泡沫的发泡性能、物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,在HCFC-141b发泡体系中,PFMP-Polyol的加入可提高发泡反应速度,使泡沫泡孔细腻、均匀,泡沫的压缩强度、尺寸稳定性均有明显的提高;用于环戊烷发泡体系中,当PFMP-Polyol的质量分数占聚醚多元醇的30%、模压泡密度在34.2 kg/m~3,压缩强度(水平方向)为254.2 kP,导热系数可降低至20.8 mW/(m·K)。