基于CC/PP架构的自适应信息发布系统

计算模式发展到普适计算模式,终端包含大量异构、动态和移动设备。信息在发布过程中,需要根据终端设备的能力以及用户喜好的不同,提供相应的自适应服务。研究了基于CC/PP架构的信息自适应分发技术,设计了基于CC/PP架构的信息自适应发布系统。并实现一个原型系统,对比传统信息发布系统,说明了该系统的优越性。     

某于CC／PP架构的自适应信息发布系统

计算模式发展到普适计算模式,终端包含大量异构、动态和移动设备。信息在发布过程中,需要根据终端设备的能力以及用户喜好的不同,提供相应的自适应服务。研究了基于CC／PP架构的信息自适应分发技术,设计了基于CC／PP架构的信息自适应发布系统。并实现一个原型系统,对比传统信息发布系统,说明了该系统的优越性。     

策略驱动的软件自适应机制研究

中间件是支持和实现软件自适应的重要手段。除了内建于中间件的通用自适应机制外,中间件还应当为应用相关的自适应过程提供开发和运行支持。以普适计算为背景,基于关注点分离原则,引入策略对软件自适应过程进行抽象描述,提出了基于策略的软件自适应概念模型,进而提出了适应使能、基层和元层分离的轻量级构件化实现模型。基于上述模型,在面向普适计算的自适应中间件平台UbiStar中设计实现了一种基于策略的软件自适应框架,可以支持基于上述模型的普适计算应用的开发和运行,从而为应用相关的软件自适应过程提供有效支持。     

普适计算及其定位感知系统

普适计算的目的是为了使计算机更好地为人类服务，提高人们的生活质量。普适计算中的定位感知系统是普适计算研究中的核心部分之一，如何确定室内用户的动态位置信息，如何主动向用户提供各种所需的信息，这些都是其研究话题。给出了一种自行设计的普适计算室内定位感知系统的最小功能模型。     

智能影子(SmartShadow):一个普适计算模型

普适计算是一种全新的计算模式,目前对普适计算建模的研究较少.尝试以用户为中心将普适计算环境建模为一个“智能影子”模型.该模型建立在用户建模及普适服务抽象的基础上,通过用户BDP模型,将普适环境映射成一个以用户为中心的高度动态的移动的虚拟个人空间,也称“智能影子”,与物理世界的影子一样跟随用户,如影相随.其中,用户BDP模型根据信念(belief)推理出用户意图(desire),并对普适服务的计算过程进行规划(plan).普适服务用来抽象信息空间中的计算资源,可被用户BDP组织,完成用户的意图,组织的过程即为智能影子的映射过程.智能影子模型在逻辑上简单、自然,且可灵活处理普适计算空间的动态变化.另外,还实现了一个仿真原型系统,对模型的可行性进行了验证.     

面向普适计算应用的仿真测试技术研究

评估普适计算应用的可用性是一项需要时间和精力投入的复杂工程。传统的测试技术依赖系统的全面部署和实现,并且测试者需要了解测试环境的搭建方法,这无疑增加了普适计算应用的测试成本。本文重点研究了面向普适计算应用的仿真测试关键技术,提出了虚拟测试环境,实现了对计算环境和设备能力的模拟。在此基础上,提出基于构件结构的测试系统,模拟对资源的远程访问能力和应用的自适应执行操作,为评估普适计算应用提供支持。     

普适计算中的定位感知系统

普适计算的目的是为了使计算机更好地为人类服务,提高人们的生活质量。普适计算中的定位感知系统是普适计算研究中的核心部分之一。如何确定室内用户的动态位置信息,如何主动向用户提供各种所需的信息,都是本文的研究话题。文章最后给出一种自行设计的普适计算室内定位感知系统的最小功能模型。     

基于普适环境的自适应系统研究

作为新的计算模式,普适计算为应用技术界开辟了一个崭新、宽阔的研究领域.普适计算的目标是无时无处不在而又不可见,具有泛在性、便捷性和适应性的特点,对软件自适应机制提出了新的挑战.针对自适应技术用于普适计算下存在的问题,对自适应技术的体系结构展开研究,提出了一个适用于普适计算环境的自适应中间件模型.力图实现一种能够较好支持普适计算环境的软件基础架构,并通过分布仿真原型系统的实验比较说明该中间件体系结构的执行效率.对自适应系统与自适应策略进行了探讨.     

基于上下文的自适应构件化中间件模型

由于普适计算环境越来越复杂对自适应软件开发要求越来越高,为了对普适计算环境下的自适应和构件化应用提供支持,提出了一种适用于普适计算环境的基于上下文的自适应构件化的CBACM中间件模型。最后,仿真实验结果表明了CBACM模型较传统中间件在自适应成功率、资源消耗和响应时间方面的优势。     

面向普适计算的自适应软件集成环境研究综述

在对当今主要普适计算研究项目,尤其是面向普适计算的软件集成环境原型系统进行介绍的基础上,本文对面向普适计算的软件集成环境所关注的共性问题进行了归纳分析,包括如何为应用提供自适应的软件体系结构支持、如何为应用提供普适计算环境下所需的可重用服务、如何根据普适计算环境的特点对传统中间件技术的内涵进行扩展等等,并对面向普适计算的应用需求下软件集成环境研究所面临的挑战进行了讨论。     

Ontology-Based User Modeling in an Augmented Audio Reality System for Museums

Ubiquitous computing is a challenging area that allows us to further our understanding and techniques of context-aware and adaptive systems. Among the challenges is the general problem of capturing the larger context in interaction from the perspective of user modeling and human–computer interaction (HCI). The imperative to address this issue is great considering the emergence of ubiquitous and mobile computing environments. This paper provides an account of our addressing the specific problem of supporting functionality as well as the experience design issues related to museum visits through user modeling in combination with an audio augmented reality and tangible user interface system. This paper details our deployment and evaluation of ec(h)o – an augmented audio reality system for museums. We explore the possibility of supporting a context-aware adaptive system by linking environment, interaction objects and users at an abstract semantic level instead of at the content level. From the user modeling perspective ec(h)o is a knowledge-based recommender system. In this paper we present our findings from user testing and how our approach works well with an audio and tangible user interface within a ubiquitous computing system. We conclude by showing where further research is needed.     

An Effective Model and Management Scheme of Personal Space for Ubiquitous Computing Applications

In ubiquitous computing, the computing environment for a user is no longer a fixed computer, but a space that includes multiple heterogeneous devices that can change dynamically according to the user's situation. Managing the space is an essential part of ubiquitous computing because application services in this environment need to be adaptive to the users' current situation. However, previous approaches oversimplified the model of personal space and demonstrated some limitations in developing user-centric adaptive services. In this paper, we propose an effective personal space model, defined as virtual personal world (VPW), and a sophisticated method to manage personal spaces. The VPW represents a personal space by using a set of stateful elements and their relationships, which are denoted as virtual objects, services, and neighbors. The VPW provides expressive and accurate information for a particular user, thereby helping application services adapt their operations for the user dynamically. Our conceptual model is designed as personal operating middleware software that manages the user's VPW and provides application services. Experimental results show that the prototype system based on VPW has reasonable performance in running application services and managing personal spaces. We also found that the VPW model can increase the average user satisfaction rate by up to 40% compared to other models in our simulation environment.      

A robotic service framework supporting automated integration of ubiquitous sensors and devices

In recent years, due to the emergence of ubiquitous computing technology, a new class of networked robots called ubiquitous robots has been introduced. The Ubiquitous Robotic Companion (URC) is our conceptual vision of ubiquitous service robots that provides its user with the services the user needs, anytime and anywhere, in the ubiquitous computing environments. There are requirements to be met for the vision of URC. One of the essential requirements is that the robotic systems must support ubiquity of services. This means that a robot service must always be available even though there are changes in the service environment. More specifically, a robotic system needs to be interoperable with sensors and devices in its current service environments automatically, rather than statically pre-programmed for its environment. In this paper, the design and implementation of an infrastructure for URC called Ubiquitous Robotic Service Framework (URSF) is presented. URSF enables automated integration of networked robots in a ubiquitous computing environment by the use of Semantic Web Services Technologies.     

An effective monitoring framework and user interface design

A distributed environment requires a monitoring system to oversee the operation of various distributed nodes. A monitoring service is crucial because it ensures a high‐quality computing environment and a reliable service. The interface and framework determine the effectiveness of a monitoring system. This paper uses the concept of user‐adaptive visualization to design its interface and proposes a flexible modular framework. Designers can use the proposed modular framework to flexibly extend existing modules, design visual interfaces to satisfy user requirements, and improve system failover schemes. The implementation of such a monitoring system for monitoring data preservation nodes is also provided. The system including fault‐tolerance and notification functions supports full monitoring services for Storage Resource Broker (SRB) or integrated Rule‐Oriented Data System (iRODS) based systems. The experimental results show that the proposed framework is suitable for data preservation services and is robust and responsive when faced with system failures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Novel Intermediary Framework for Dynamic Edge Service Composition

Multimedia content,user mobility and heterogeneous client devices require novel systems that are able to support ubiquitous access to the Web resources.In this scenario,solutions that combine flexibility,efficiency and scalability in offering edge services for ubiquitous access are needed.We propose an original intermediary framework,namely Scalable Intermediary Software Infrastructure (SISI),which is able to dynamically compose edge services on the basis of user preferences and device characteristics.The SISI framework exploits a per-user profiling mechanism,where each user can initially set his/her personal preferences through a simple Web interface,and the system is then able to compose at run-time the necessary components.The basic framework can be enriched through new edge services that can be easily implemented through a programming model based on APIs and internal functions.Our experiments demonstrate that flexibility and edge service composition do not affect the system performance.We show that this framework is able to chain multiple edge services and to guarantee stable performance.     

Location awareness through trajectory prediction

Location-aware computing is a type of ubiquitous computing that uses user’s location information as an essential parameter for providing services and application-related optimization. Location management plays an important role in location-aware computing because the provision of services requires convenient access to dynamic location and location-dependent information. Many existing location management strategies are passive since they rely on system capability to periodically record current location information. In contrast, active strategies predict user movement through trajectories and locations. Trajectory prediction provides richer location and context information and facilitates the means for adapting to future locations. In this paper, we present two models for trajectory prediction, namely probability-based model and learning-based model. We analyze these two models and conduct experiments to test their performances in location-aware systems.     

Architectural patterns for applications with external user interface elements

Coupling mobile devices and other remote interaction technology with software systems surrounding the user enables for building interactive environments under explicit user control. The realization of explicit interaction in ubiquitous or pervasive computing environments introduces a physical distribution of input devices, and technology embedded into the environment of the user. To fulfill the requirements of emerging trends in mobile interaction, common approaches for system design need adaptations and extensions. This paper presents the adaptation and extension of the Model-View-Controller approach to design applications of remote, complementary, duplicated and detached user interface elements.     

Bayesian and behavior networks for context-adaptive user interface in a ubiquitous home environment

Modern home theater systems require users to control various devices simultaneously including a TV, audio equipment, DVD and video players, and a receiver. To perform the requested user functions in this situation, the user is required to know the functions and positions of the buttons on several remote controls. Users will become more confused if a ubiquitous home environment, which contains many mobile and stationary control devices, is realized. Therefore, the user interface should be adaptable for requested user functions and to fit a specific control device. This paper presents a context-adaptive user interface for the control of devices in ubiquitous home environment. First, we modeled the ubiquitous home environment in order to implement the context-adaptive user interface. We used a Bayesian network to predict the necessary devices in each situation and used a behavior network to select the functions that constitute an adaptive user interface in several conditions. The selected functions were used to generate an adaptive interface for each controller using a presentation template. In this paper, we implemented a ubiquitous home environment and generated a controller usage log for this environment. We confirmed that the Bayesian network effectively predicted the user requirements by evaluating the inferred results of the necessary devices based on several scenarios. Finally, we compared the adaptive user interface with the fixed user interface by surveying fourteen subjects. We confirmed that the generated adaptive user interface was more comfortable for use with typical tasks than was the fixed user interface.     

Ubiquitous enterprise service adaptations based on contextual user behavior

Recent advances in mobile technologies and infrastructures have created the demand for ubiquitous access to enterprise services from mobile handheld devices. Further, with the invention of new interaction devices, the context in which the services are being used becomes an integral part of the activity carried out with the system. Traditional human–computer interface (HCI) theories are now inadequate for developing these context-aware applications, as we believe that the notion of context should be extended to different categories: computing contexts, user contexts, and physical contexts for ubiquitous computing. This demands a new paradigm for system requirements elicitation and design in order to make good use of such extended context information captured from mobile user behavior. Instead of redesigning or adapting existing enterprise services in an ad hoc manner, we introduce a methodology for the elicitation of context-aware adaptation requirements and the matching of context-awareness features to the target context by capability matching. For the implementation of such adaptations, we propose the use of three tiers of views: user interface views, data views, and process views. This approach centers on a novel notion of process views to ubiquitous service adaptation, where mobile users may execute a more concise version or modified procedure of the original process according to their behavior under different contexts. The process view also serves as the key mechanism for integrating user interface views and data views. Based on this model, we analyze the design and implementation issues of some common ubiquitous access situations and show how to adapt them systematically into a context-aware application by considering the requirements of a ubiquitous enterprise information system.

DaaS: Cloud-based mobile Web service discovery

The proliferation of smartphones and the recent advancement in ubiquitous wireless access have made mobile Web services more possible than ever before. However, finding relevant Web services that can match requests and fit user context remains a major concern. The challenges facing Web service discovery are further magnified by the stringent constraints of mobile devices and the inherit complexity of wireless heterogeneous networks. Cloud computing, with its flexible design and theoretically unlimited computing resources, is a viable approach to bootstrapping Web service discovery. The cloud can build bridges between mobile devices, as a convenient ubiquitous interface, and a backbone infrastructure with abundant computing resources. This paper introduces “Discovery as a service (Daas)”, a novel cloud-based discovery framework that addresses the core components of mobile Web service discovery. The DaaS framework lays the foundation of efficient mobile Web service discovery that takes into consideration user preferences and context. The experimental validation and performance evaluation demonstrate that DaaS can effectively rank relevant services according to the various user context and preferences, in addition to enhancing the precision of the discovered services. The prototype also shows that Web service clustering for discovery significantly improves the overall response time, while the cloud maintains scalability according to prespecified performance criteria.