基于频率调制连续波的干涉型光纤声传感器信号检测技术

针对光纤干涉仪存在的相位衰落问题,讨论了基于正弦波形的频率调制连续波(FMCW)和锯齿波FMCW两种干涉型光纤声传感器的信号检测原理,并给出了数字化信号解调方案。采用7.5 m臂差的光纤声传感器和具备调频功能的半导体激光器,对10 kHz正弦波FMCW和锯齿波FMCW两种调频方式进行了信号解调实验对比。解调结果表明,两种调制解调方案均能稳定检测出加在声传感器上的模拟声信号,消除了光纤干涉仪的相位衰落。但在实际工程应用中,与正弦波FMCW检测方案相比,锯齿波FMCW方案无需检测混频信号的初始相位,检测灵敏度高且稳定,算法实现更为简单,而且使用不同臂差的光纤传感器可实现传感器的频分复用。     

复合调制长周期光栅耦合器的研究

从麦克斯韦方程出发,推导了长周期光栅耦合器在折射率、增益、损耗复合调制下完整的耦合理论模型。在此基础上,详细分析了该复合调制长周期光栅耦合器直通与交叉臂间的功率耦合和多波长滤波特性。结果表明,当增益/损耗调制与折射率调制作用相等时,复合调制长周期光栅耦合器具有单向非互易的功率耦合特性,而且随着多波长复用信号输入光纤和输入方向的不同,具有不同的上下话路滤波特性。在增益调制作用下,满足相位匹配条件的信号不仅可有效地耦合到交叉臂下话路输出,还能得到明显的放大;但当损耗调制时,直通与交叉臂中的信号功率均保持各自的初值,而且不再具备波长选择滤波能力。     

短距离弱耦合空分复用实时光传输技术

短距离光纤传输系统的容量扩展受到越来越广泛的关注。空分复用光传输技术提供了纤芯和模式两个新维度，可以大大提升单根光纤的传输容量。然而空间信道间的串扰严重限制了空分复用技术的实用化。首先研究了弱耦合空分复用光纤，通过在纤芯引入环形折射率微扰的方法实现了模式之间的有效分离；其次，提出了一种可以处理非圆对称简并模式的全光纤复用/解复用器件以及低插损、低串扰扇入扇出器；在此基础上，使用低成本商用强度调制直接检测光模块，实现了短距离弱耦合模分复用及多芯少模复用实时光传输；最后对空分复用实时光传输技术进行了展望。     

传感信号在接入网中传输的技术分析

文章提出了光纤通信网与传感网融合的设想,即利用已有光纤接入网的通信信道,让传感网络发出的传感信号在光纤接入网中传输.首先分析了这种设想的可行性,然后提出了按固定帧复用的方式对传感信号和通信信号进行耦合,并根据已有光纤接入网的结构建立了该系统的网络基本结构,重点分析了传感信号与通信信号复用时的时隙及带宽分配问题.     

数字闭环光纤电流传感器暂态特性仿真研究

数字闭环光纤电流传感器暂态特性主要包含频率响应与阶跃响应,对于电力系统的继电保护控制、故障录波等应用领域至关重要。在工程应用中,传统的测试方法由于其测试系统复杂、测试电流信号小等问题,不利于评估光纤电流传感器的暂态特性。利用数字闭环光纤电流传感器的闭环控制机理,提出一种在数字闭环光纤电流传感器反馈回路中添加相位调制激励的方法。首先,分析数字闭环光纤电流传感器的相位调制原理,通过建立数学模型验证相位调制激励的等效性;其次,根据数字闭环光纤电流传感器闭环控制算法,提出频率响应与阶跃响应的调制激励产生方法;最后,利用现有数字闭环光纤电流传感器产品平台完成频率响应与阶跃响应的仿真与测试。结果表明:采用相位调制激励的仿真数据与试验数据最大误差为0.12%,该调制激励方法不需要搭建复杂的测试系统,在现有硬件平台中即可实现不同电流信号的仿真测试。     

如何选择密集波分复用或粗波分复用？

波分复用(WDM)是把两个或多个不同波长的光载波信号(携带各种信息)在发送端经复用器(Multiplexer)汇合在一起．并耦合到光线路的同一根光纤中进行传输的技术；在接收端，经解复用器(Demultiplexer)将多个波长的光载波分离．然后由光接收机进一步处理以恢复原信号。这种在同一根光纤中同时传输两个或多个不同波长光信号的技术．称为波分复用。     

基于强度调制的光纤声传感器设计研究

在假设发送光纤出射端的光强分布为高斯分布的基础上,提出了一种新型强度调制型光纤声传感器模型。该模型根据单模光纤准直器的耦合特性理论,结合四周固支圆平微机电系统(MEMS)反射膜片,并使用GRIN lens光学透镜实现光强度的调制。仿真结果表明,通过选择合适的调制参数可使光纤声传感器的探测灵敏度较传统强度调制模型有数量级的提高。     

载波调制法提高保偏光纤偏振耦合检测的信噪比

保偏光纤偏振耦合系统能有效检测保偏光纤中偏振耦合点的空间位置及耦合强度,因而可被广泛地应用于应力、应变、温度和位置的分布式传感中。由于噪声影响,测试系统中的信噪比和耦合强度检测灵敏度会下降。为了改善系统信噪比,提高保偏光纤中弱耦合点的检测能力,将铌酸锂外调制技术应用于白光干涉保偏光纤耦合测试系统。调制后的信号经光电探测器接收,用数字解调算法进行数据处理。实验结果表明:在电机扫描速度为0.75 mm/s,调制频率为9.1 kHz,采样率为140 kHz时,载波调制时信噪比提高了8 dB,解调耗时仅1.12 s。     

基于Michelson 干涉仪的光纤分布式扰动传感器

提出并研究了基于Michelson 干涉仪的应用于检测时变扰动的光纤分布式传感器。所提出的光纤传感器由两个Michelson 干涉仪和一个光纤延迟环组成。扰动作用在传感光纤上,引起传输光波相位的调制作用,可以通过该传感器进行检测并得到扰动的位置信息。通过光电探测器对干涉信号进行接收。对接收到的信号进行隔直,并通过求取峰峰值的方法对隔直后的信号进行预处理。通过希尔伯特变换、相位去包裹和三角函数运算可以提取出预处理信号中包含的相位信息。最后,通过频谱分析和相应的数学运算可以实现扰动的定位。在20 km 的监测距离内通过实验验证了传感器的可行性。所提出的光纤传感器具有实时性好、抗偏振性、低成本的独特优势。     

基于FBG震动传感器的边境安防系统研究

周界安防系统是重要区域和设施的第一道防线, 高性能的安防技术可以消除或减少外 部的威胁。基于窄带光纤光栅波长选择反射原理,设计了一种高灵敏度的光纤光栅震动传 感器并利用相位载波调制解调技术实现对传感器震动信号高精度实时解调。震动传感器通过 地埋的布设方式,利用光纤光栅震动传感器波分、空分、时分的复用技术,实现在较长的光 纤布设长度内对突发事件进行远程和实时监控。进行了野外试验,试验证明,通过合理算法 分析传感器时变信号的能量谱和峭度等参数该系统可准确的识别70 m 内人员走动和200 m内车辆行驶。该系统可广泛应用于边境线、机场 、核场所等重要区域的周界安防中。     

具有嵌入式环形拓扑结构的光纤传感器网络

提出了一种基于光学低相干反射（OLCR）技术的嵌入式双环形光纤传感网络。给出了光纤传感网络结构、空分复用（SDM）原理，分析了网络中传感器的信号特性，对携带10个传感器的传感网络进行实验研究。理论和实验研究表明，通过改变环形网络中传感器的安放位置与布设数量，对网络的传感特性进行优化，可以提高传感系统的复用能力。此结构可嵌入智能结构中，用于准分布应变或温度的测量。     

Universal fiber-optic point sensor system for quasi-static absolutemeasurements of multiparameters exploiting low coherence interrogation

A universal fiber-optic high-resolution point sensor system, based upon signal recovery by dual-wavelength low coherence interferometry, has been developed and demonstrated for quasistatic absolute measurements of multiparameters. This system is capable of multiplexing up to 32 fiber-optic point sensors which can be fiber optic interferometers or fiber Bragg gratings or any combination of the two. The topology of this system is based on a spatially multiplexed scheme with low coherence signal recovery that we have reported previously. A range of multiparameter point sensors, including a medium pressure sensor, a high pressure sensor, a miniature temperature sensor, a displacement sensor, and a fiber Bragg grating strain sensor with drift-compensation, have been developed and incorporated into this network and demonstrated A range to resolution of better than 10⁴ :1 and 2×10³:1 has been achieved for the interferometric sensors and the Bragg grating strain sensor, respectively. The interchangeability of the sensors has also been demonstrated, allowing the sensors to be replaced in the event of damage. Due to the universality of the signal interrogation, the instrument can be compatible with any interferometric point sensor which has a similar optical path difference with the transmitting interferometer or any fiber grating sensor whose normal wavelength is within the spectral range of the light source. In addition, as the total sensor number which can be multiplexed is quite large, the average cost for each sensor is reduced considerably. Therefore, this system allows optical fiber sensors to compete with conventional sensors with the additional benefits of fiber-optic sensors     

Single and double distributed optical amplifier fiber bus networkswith wavelength division multiplexing for photonic sensors

This paper presents numerical simulations of single and dual fiber bus networks with distributed amplification, which are used for the wavelength division multiplexing of photonic sensors. The model upon which the simulations are based has been compared to a previously published experimental result and good agreement has been obtained. A novel technique for allocating the signal wavelength to the sensor position in order to equalize the received signal power is also discussed     

Self-referencing multiplexing technique for fiber-optic intensity sensors

An all-optical technique for multiplexing and self-referencing a number of intensity modulating fiber-optic sensors is described. The optical transducers are fabricated as integral parts of recirculating optical fiber loops connected in parallel between transmit and receive optical fibers. A portion of an input pulse is tapped off by each sensor loop module. Successive fractions are tapped off on each circulation around the loop and transmitted to a detector. These form pulse trains that characterize each sensor's output. The relative magnitudes of the components of the pulse train are insensitive to lead and connector losses between the sensor modules and the source and detector. Time division multiplexing of the sensor return signals is created by the delays introduced by the fiber leads between the sensor modules. This paper details the response of a single sensor loop versus theoretical performance, and a three sensor system is demonstrated.     

大数据分析技术的光纤传感谱形复用技术研究

光纤传感谱形复用研究属于传感网络设计里的核心问题,针对当光纤传感谱形复用技术存在的误差大,耗时长等缺陷,结合光纤传感谱形复用的特点,设计了一种基于大数据分析技术的光纤传感谱形复用技术。首先采用大数据分析技术得到法得到光纤传感重叠光谱数据,并对其进行一定的预处理,然后引入粒子群算法对光纤传感重叠光谱数据实施光纤传感谱形复用解调,从而优化光纤传感谱形复用性能,最后与其它技术进行了仿真对比实验,结果表明:本文技术对低维、高维的光纤传感谱形复用数据分类精度高,在解调2个光纤传感谱形复用时,误差低,耗时少,速度快,获得了多光纤传感谱形复用理想的解调效果。     

光纤F-P腔高灵敏加速度传感器理论模型研究

以提高光纤波长复用型加速度传感器的灵敏度为目标,分析光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg grating, FBG)加速度传感器的增敏思路,阐明FBG加速度传感器灵敏度的增敏瓶颈和固有制约因素,提出波长复用型光纤法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Pérot, F-P)加速度传感器物理模型,理论研究其加速度传感原理,推导加速度传感器谐振频率和灵敏度的解析表达式,深入分析系统的结构体刚度、干涉级次、腔长对加速度传感器灵敏度和谐振频率的影响因素,并对比分析在不同系统刚度下FBG和F-P加速度传感器的灵敏度响应特性。由于灵敏度与谐振频率相互制约,进一步引入品质因子对比分析FBG和F-P加速度传感器的综合性能。在谐振频率为205 Hz时,传感器灵敏度高达198 nm/G,比基于FBG的传感器灵敏度理论上高出约2个数量级,并提出F-P型加速度传感器波长复用方案。理论分析表明F-P型加速度传感器与FBG型相比具有独特的优势,为光纤型加速度传感器的增敏和波长复用提供了新思路,并奠定理论基础。     

Multiplexing optical sensors using spatial light modulator

Most optical sensor multiplexing systems results in a decrease in signal to noise ratio for each additional sensor added to the network. A technique using a spatial light modulator (SLM) which overcomes this problem is described. The techniques has been tested in a system which addresses eight photoelastic strain sensors.<>     

Time-domain addressing of remote fiber-optic interferometric sensor arrays

This paper describes and analyzes a particular application of high duty-cycle time-division multiplexing to the separation and identification of signals from an interferometric sensor array. Using the method discussed here, the coherence length of the laser is no longer a severe design constraint. Also, the source phase-induced intensity noise which limits some other multiplexing methods may be overcome, leading to a higher sensitivity. The arrays of all-passive remote sensors exhibit minimal crosstalk between sensors, and have downlead insensitivity. A synthetic heterodyne demodulation technique prevents environmentally induced signal fading. Analysis includes coupling ratios for all directional couplers in the system, signal and noise spectra, minimum detectable phase shift, and the effect of ac coupling on noise and crosstalk. An experimental all-fiber implementation of a two sensor array has yielded a measured sensitivity of approximately 10 μrad/sqrt{Hz}over a range of signal frequencies, and a crosstalk level of better than 55 dB.     

Enhancement of multiplexing capability of low-coherence interferometric fiber sensor array by use of a loop topology

A novel technique for enhancing the multiplexing capability of low-coherence interferometric sensor array is proposed. The technique uses a fiber loop topology and allows for twice as many sensors as the conventional low-coherence reflectometry system to be multiplexed. Power budget and signal analyses for different sizes of sensor array are performed. A ten-sensor system was experimentally demonstrated and applied for quasi-distributed temperature measurement. An additional advantage of the technique is that it provides an extra degree of redundancy through the bidirectional interrogation of the sensor array and thus improves the system reliability.