基于Sagnac组合型干涉仪的光纤分布式扰动传感器

提出并研究了基于Sagnac组合型干涉仪的光纤分布式扰动传感器。扰动作用在传感光纤上引起传输光波相位的变化,可以通过Sagnac干涉仪进行检测。所提出的光纤传感器包括三个Sagnac干涉仪,它们共用一个宽带光源(BBS),并通过两个光电探测器(PD)检测干涉信号。由于宽谱光源的相干长度很短,因此只有经历相同路径的两束光会发生干涉,这样的路径存在三条。其中一个光电探测器检测有着相同环路长度的两个Sagnac干涉仪的信号之和,另一个光电探测器检测由法拉第旋光镜和传感光纤组成的干涉仪中的干涉光强。通过对探测器接收到的信号进行数学运算可以对扰动进行定位。实验结果表明,所提出的传感器可以检测并定位扰动。10次实验的最大定位误差为370 m,平均定位误差为270 m。     

补偿光纤Michelson弱磁传感器相位漂移的新方法

提出了基于谐波分析的相位补偿法,用以解决光纤Michelson弱磁传感器中由于环境因素如温度变化等引起相位漂移带来的输出信号衰落问题。该方法对正交工作点附近相位变化非常敏感,利用干涉仪参考臂压电陶瓷(PZT)的反馈电压可有效地控制相位漂移。实验表明:干涉仪相位变化小于1°;将高频调制磁场Hmcosωmt加于干涉仪信号臂换能器上探测直流弱磁信号,传感器输出信号稳定性好,线性度优于1%,灵敏度达3.5×10-6rad/nT(Hm=4 000 nT)。     

Michelson干涉型光纤磁场传感器稳定性研究

分析设计了采用45°法拉第旋转反射镜的Michelson干涉型磁场传感器的直流相位跟踪(PTDC)系统,并将其与采用Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的磁场传感系统进行实验比较.结果表明,所设计的直流相位跟踪系统能够很好地解决光纤偏振等引起的随机相位漂移问题.     

波长解调用偏振无关光纤干涉仪的研究

针对光纤激光传感器信号解调过程中,干涉仪输出干涉条纹可见度受输入光偏振态变化以及两臂单模光纤双折射效应的影响,介绍了一种简单的光纤干涉仪消除偏振衰落技术,通过在Michelson光纤干涉仪上加两个法拉第旋转镜来提高输出条纹可见度。使用琼斯矩阵法对干涉仪系统进行理论计算,证明法拉第旋转镜旋转角度在理想的45°附近时能达到很好的消偏振效果,并通过实验进行了有效地论证。     

基于频率调制连续波的干涉型光纤声传感器信号检测技术

针对光纤干涉仪存在的相位衰落问题,讨论了基于正弦波形的频率调制连续波(FMCW)和锯齿波FMCW两种干涉型光纤声传感器的信号检测原理,并给出了数字化信号解调方案。采用7.5 m臂差的光纤声传感器和具备调频功能的半导体激光器,对10 kHz正弦波FMCW和锯齿波FMCW两种调频方式进行了信号解调实验对比。解调结果表明,两种调制解调方案均能稳定检测出加在声传感器上的模拟声信号,消除了光纤干涉仪的相位衰落。但在实际工程应用中,与正弦波FMCW检测方案相比,锯齿波FMCW方案无需检测混频信号的初始相位,检测灵敏度高且稳定,算法实现更为简单,而且使用不同臂差的光纤传感器可实现传感器的频分复用。     

基于MEMS静电微镜驱动器的光纤相位调制器

设计并制作出了一种基于MEMS静电微镜驱动器的光纤相位调制器。MEMS静电驱动器采用垂直梳齿驱动技术,驱动硅微反射镜沿其法线方向的垂直平移运动以实现入射光波的光相位调制。MEMS静电微镜驱动器与光纤准直器耦合构成MEMS光纤相位调制器,避免了拉伸光纤或改变折射率的困难,具有MEMS技术批量制造、低成本等优势。采用MEMS工艺成功制作出MEMS光纤相位调制器,并实现Michelson光纤干涉仪。利用ASE宽带光源对光纤相位调制器的静态调制特性进行测试,采用Michelson光纤干涉仪对光纤相位调制器的动态调制特性进行测试,结果表明,MEMS光纤相位调制器50V偏压实现了1 550nm光波的2π相位调制,当器件谐振频率为7.15kHz以及交、直流电压幅值分别为12.5V时,响应幅值可达6.8μm,可以实现多个2π的相位的正弦调制。     

压电陶瓷相位调制器相移系数的测量

压电陶瓷相位调制器广泛应用于光纤测量系统中.本文介绍了利用光纤Michelson干涉仪测量医电陶瓷相位调制器的原理并实际测量了它的相移系数,同时对影响它的相移能力的因素进行了分析,为研制相位型光纤传感器奠定基础.     

压电陶瓷相位调制器相移系数的测量

压电陶瓷相位调制器广泛应用于光纤测量系统中．本文介绍了利用光纤Michelson干涉仪测量压电陶瓷相位调制器的原理并实际测量了它的相移系数,同时对影响它的相移能力的因素进行了分析,为研制相位型光纤传感器奠定基础．     

基于33耦合器相位解调的光纤声音传感器设计

为了在某些应急情况下无源传输声音信号,采用基于光纤迈克尔逊干涉仪原理光纤声音传感的方法结合了收音弹性盘片和光纤粘接的工艺设计,使用33耦合器相位解调方法对传感信号进行相位解调,实现了一种新型光纤声音传感器系统。给出了干涉仪3路输出信号相位差的表达式,利用最小二乘法拟合求出干涉仪3路输出信号的平均相位差,取得了仿真与实际测试数据。经过测试,该系统可以准确有效地还原出设计带宽内的声音信号。结果表明,该光纤声音传感器系统适用于电磁恶劣等应急环境中,验证了该设计方案的可行性。     

基于3×3耦合器的环型Sagnac干涉仪管道监测系统实验研究

利用基于3×3耦合器的Sagnac光纤干涉仪分布式 光纤振动传感器,构建管道安全监测系统,实现对长距离输油气 管道沿线进行实时安全监测,判断管道沿线是否有威胁管道安全的行为发生并进 行定位。监测系统采用环型结构 Sagnac光纤干涉仪,利用3×3耦合器对光信号相位有调制作用的特点,无需进行特定的相位 调制和解调,优化了光路,提 高了信号处理精度。给出了光波的相位调制和理想状态下外扰动行为的定位表达式,阐述了 系统的工作和定位原理。根据 光路设计和定位理论建立了Sagnac环型结构实时监测实验系统,开发了监测系统实验软 件,利用选定的扰动信号源, 通过外扰动行为产生的不同频率扰动信号对光信号产生调制,并对所接收的干涉光信号进行 分析和定位的实验研究,实验结果表明,对100～500Hz的外扰动信 号,定位计算结果最大相对误差为1.23%。本文构建的管道监测系 统 不仅能迅速地监测到高频的外扰动信号,还能有效地监测到低频的外扰动信号,为管道沿 线进行实时安全监测和对扰动位置的实时定位提供有效的技术保障。     

Coherence Multiplexing System Based on Asymmetric Mach–Zehnder Interferometers for Faraday Sensors

An optical coherence multiplexing system for Faraday sensors is proposed. With an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) interferometer, the linearly polarized light from a Faraday sensor is decomposed into two orthogonal modes, which are interrogated by a path-scanning Michelson interferometer at different path positions. The variations in the intensities of these two modes are utilized to deduce the rotation of the polarization plane, which is related to the measurand tested by the Faraday sensor. By employing multiple asymmetric M-Z interferometers with arm-lengths carefully controlled, the sensing signals of the multiplexed Faraday sensors are obtained and well separated in one scan of the Michelson interferometer.     

Merged Sagnac-Michelson interferometer for distributed disturbancedetection

An interferometric technique is described to detect and locate perturbations along an optical fiber. This distributed sensor has a position dependent response to time-varying disturbances such as strain or temperature. These disturbances cause a phase shift which is detected and converted to spatial information, The sensor consists of a Sagnac interferometer merged with a Michelson interferometer. This is achieved by a frequency selective mirror in the center of the Sagnac-loop. The sensor is illuminated by two light sources with wavelengths λ₁ and λ₂, respectively. The mirror reflects λ₁ and transmits λ₂, causing the interferometer to operate as a Michelson at wavelength λ₁ and as a Sagnac at wavelength λ₂. Any time-varying perturbation on, the fiber will, result in a signal at λ₂ proportional to the product of the rate of phase change caused by the perturbation and the distance of the perturbation relative to the position of the mirror. The output of the Michelson interferometer at wavelength λ₁ is proportional to the phase change caused by the unknown perturbation. By dividing the output of the Sagnac interferometer by the time rate of change of the Michelson interferometer signal, the position of the disturbance relative to the mirror is located. Results obtained with a 200 m-distributed fiber sensor are discussed     

Frequency multiplexing of remote all-fiber Michelsoninterferometers with lead insensitivity

A scheme to frequency multiplex a group of sensors based on all-fiber Michelson interferometers is presented. Lead insensibility is obtained by using the two fiber leads of the configuration as an extra Michelson interferometer whose differential phase is kept constant by active compensation. Topics concerning the system design, sensor sensitivity, and crosstalk between sensors are investigated. Experimental and numerical computational results are presented     

Simultaneous measurement of two strain components using 3×3and 2×2 coupler-based passive demodulation of optical fibersensors

This paper uses 3-3 and 2-2 coupler passive demodulation of combined Michelson and polarimetric optical fiber sensors to simultaneously measure axial and transverse strain components in a single optical fiber sensor. The separated Michelson and polarimetric signals are used with isothermal Michelson and polarimetric phase strain models to provide two independent equations describing the strain in the fiber. These equations provide enough information to simultaneously calculate axial and transverse strains in surface mounted sensors. Experiments performed on vibrating cantilever beams show good agreement with measurements made with resistance strain gauges     

干涉技术在光纤传感器设计中的应用

介绍了干涉型光纤传感器的基本原理，结合实例阐述了各种干涉型光纤传感器的设计方法与实现技术，讨论了光纤传感器所用光源的选择，举例说明了干涉仪在大规模、长距离传感系统中的应用方法，并展望了这类光纤传感器的发展前景。     

一种具有迈克耳逊结构的新型光时域反射仪

利用传输光纤中后向瑞利散射光携带有光纤位置、外界振动等信息的特点,采用光纤迈克耳逊结构构成干涉型光时域反射仪,有望以分布方式传感沿光纤的微小振动信号.文中设计了一种新型结构的分布式光纤振动传感器,该传感器用3dB耦合器将波长为1310nm的红外激光分为两路相干光:参考光和传感光,它们中的后向瑞利散射光在耦合器处发生干涉,干涉信号的变化点对应于振动点所在的位置.将没有振动信号、加微小振动信号和加损耗干扰三种情况分别作用于传感光纤并进行了试验对比.结果表明,在微小振动的情况下,光强变化微弱;加损耗时,光强变化显著,定位准确.     

金属环封装低频光纤布拉格光栅振动传感系统研制

研制了一种金属环封装的单柱体芯轴式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)振动传感器,搭建了基于非平衡迈克耳逊干涉仪相位载波调制(PGC)解调技术的FBG振动传感器解调系统,实现了低频振动信号的高精度实时解调,并分析了各参数对传感器谐振频率和灵敏度等特性的影响。实验结果表明,研制的FBG振动传感器谐振频率为388Hz,在10～200Hz频率范围内,传感器的加速度灵敏度约为81pm/g,且加速度响应平坦,起伏小于1dB,与理论分析结果基本一致。研制的振动传感器可实现200Hz以下低频振动信号的实时检测,解调系统的波长检测精度为1.07×10-3 pm,最小可检测加速度为1.3×10-5 g。     

Optical displacement measurement with GaAs/AlGaAs-basedmonolithically integrated Michelson interferometers

Two monolithically integrated optical displacement sensors fabricated in the GaAs/AlGaAs material system are reported. These single-chip microsystems are configured as Michelson interferometers and comprise a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser, photodetectors, phase shifters, and waveguide couplers. While the use of a single Michelson interferometer allows measurement of displacement magnitude only, a double Michelson interferometer with two interferometer signals in phase quadrature also permits determination of movement direction. In addition, through the use of two 90° phase-shifted interferometer signals in the latter device, a phase interpolation of 2π/20 is possible, leading to a displacement resolution in the range of 20 nm. The integration of these complex optical functions could be realized with a relatively simple fabrication process     

高分辨率光纤激光传感系统

提出并实现了一种基于光纤光栅(FBG)激光器的高分辨率光纤传感系统。通过在一段高增益有源光纤写入光纤光栅形成光纤激光传感器,待测信号作用在激光器上引起激光频率变化,采用偏振无关的非平衡迈克耳孙光纤干涉仪将激光频率变化转化为干涉仪相位变化。干涉仪输出的信号经过光电转换后,用采集卡转换为数字信号输入计算机,最后利用改进的归一化相位载波(PGC)解调技术,实现信号的高分辨率解调。实验表明该传感系统的动态应变分辨率达到了5.6×10-4nε/Hz,并且解调结果与待测信号具有良好的线性关系。