不同添加剂对煤沥青筑路油的改质

利用ＩＲ光谱与差热分析方法研究了不同添加剂煤沥青筑路油的改质作用。发现加入添加剂改质后筑路油中沥青质含量明显增加,不溶物与软沥青含量减少。沥青质ＩＲ光谱分析表明添加剂参与了筑路油的改质并转移到沥青质分子中。实验测定的沥青热解活化能较小（１５．３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ￣６３．１ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ）,说明煤沥青筑路油的改质以物理改 为主,分子间以范德华力和氢键力相到作用结合为一体。     

煤沥青与橡胶改质筑路油族组成分析

利用石油道路沥青 ４ 组分分离方法,测定了石油沥青、石油道路沥青以及煤沥青的族组成。利用该测定结果指导煤沥青橡胶改质筑路油的开发和橡胶改质的机理研究,并在此基础上成功地开发出高质量的煤沥青筑路油新产品。建立了能关联煤沥青组成与软化点之间关系的方程。     

以煤沥青为原料制取高质量筑路油

用添加橡胶、抗氧化剂和溶剂油等方法,优选出了以煤沥青为原料生产高质量橡胶改质筑路油的工艺条件和配方,工业试产表明,改质筑路油不仅质量好,而且生产成本低。     

沥青质差热分析

在惰性气氛中,利用差热分析仪研究了不同添加剂改质煤沥青筑路油中沥青质的热失重情况。试验表明,沥青质失重与温度的关系符合一级反应动力学,由活化能可推测出沥青质是由不同分子量组成的复杂混合的。     

煤沥青橡胶改质筑路油的老化特征

研究了煤沥青橡胶改质筑路油在加速热老化过程中的性质变化,建立了粘度与温度及针入度与温度的关联式,与石油道路沥青相比,前者的耐老化性要比后者稳定,胶体结构也由溶-凝胶型转变为凝胶型。     

煤焦油沥青深加工利用综述

概述了国外煤焦油沥青深加工利用现状 ,并对改质沥青 (浸渍剂、粘结剂 )、筑路沥青、涂料、碳纤维、针状焦等煤沥青深加工产品的技术开发、生产及应用进行了分析     

改质沥青质量问题与工艺改进

本文对武钢改质沥青BI和QI偏低的问题进行了分析,找出了影响改质沥青质量的原因并进行了实验室模拟实验和试生产。针对所存在的问题,采取了添加闪蒸油等措施,提高了现有改质沥青生产设备对中温沥青原料的适应范围,中间槽改质沥青的温度下降,使生产安全性大大提高,产品质量更加符合国家标准。     

提高沥青中喹啉不溶物含量的研究

针对煤焦油和沥青中QI含量较低的情况,将来自针状焦项目的 QI残渣与原料焦油按一定比例混合,配制成调制油,采用这种调制油生产中温沥青和改质沥青,提高了产品的QI,显著提高了产品的一级品率。     

中温沥青和改质沥青流变性能研究

综合评价表明改质沥青性能优于中温沥青，通过对中温沥青和改质沥青粘度测定，研究了两类煤沥青高温流变性能的差异；指出改质沥青较高的粘度给实际生产应用带来一系列问题，根据改质沥青粘度随温度的变化规律，确定了几类改质沥青工业应用的工艺参数。     

煤沥青及煤焦油改质沥青综述

介绍了煤沥青的性能、用途以及有广泛用途的煤焦油改质沥青的优异特性,改质机理和生产工艺;分析了目前国内煤焦油改质沥青工艺存在的问题,并就这些问题提出了改进措施。     

Sintering kinetics of ZrO2 nanopowders modified by group IV elements

The sintering behavior of tetragonal zirconia nanopowders modified by the group IV elements at the initial sintering stage was investigated. It was found that different additives SiO₂, SnO₂, and GeO₂ have a significant influence on the densification kinetics of 3Y-TZP nanopowders obtained by coprecipitation during sintering as it depends on the amount of additives (0-5 wt%). The shrinkage of zirconia-based specimens during the nonisothermal sintering was analyzed using the dilatometric data. The constant rate of heating technique was applied in order to determine the dominant mass transfer mechanism at the initial stage of sintering in modified zirconia nanopowders. It was found that there was a change in the mass transfer mechanism and diffusion activation energy in 3Y-TZP as a result of the additives. The dominant sintering mechanism in 3Y-TZP changed from the volume diffusion to the grain boundary diffusion due to the addition of SiO₂ and SnO₂ and the sintering activation energy increased in these cases. However, GeO₂ additive activated the viscous flow mechanism in sintering process of 3Y-TZP nanopowders which led to acceleration of the densification due to the decrease in the diffusion activation energy.     

聚丙烯/硫酸钙晶须复合材料的研究

采用活性硫酸钙晶须、增韧剂(乙烯/辛烯)共聚物(POE)和其它助剂与共聚聚丙烯(PP)通过熔融挤出共混制得PP/硫酸钙晶须复合材料。讨论了硫酸钙晶须含量对PP/硫酸钙晶须复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响,并探讨了硫酸钙晶须增强PP的机理,观察了PP/硫酸钙晶须复合材料的微观结构。结果表明,硫酸钙晶须在PP中分布均匀,能起到明显的增强作用。     

Modified humic acids from lignite

Native and modified humic acids obtained from Tisul lignite (from the Kansko-Achinsk Basin) are investigated by IR Fourier, ESR, and solid-state ¹³C NMR analysis. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide changes the functional-group composition of the humic acids and increases the sorptional capacity.     

Influence of organic additives on the initial stages of copper electrodeposition on polycrystalline platinum

Effects of two additives, thiourea and saccharin, on copper electrodeposition from acid sulphate solutions were investigated by different electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance) as well as by different observation techniques (scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy). The morphology of copper coating obtained with thiourea leads to a smooth and bright deposit whereas it is only slightly modified by saccharin. The electrochemical reactions of copper electrodeposition were modified by the formation of complexes between thiourea and copper. However, in presence of saccharin, the kinetics and morphology of copper coating remain unchanged. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, thiourea was found to react with copper or copper ions by strong bond formation between the sulphur atoms of thiourea molecule and copper. This is the evidence of the adsorption of thiourea on the coating. Moreover, the thiourea action starts in the initial stages, allowing a homogeneous nuclei size and a large nuclei density. Finally, the nucleation mechanism of electrodeposition appears to be modified according to the additives used.     

油井水泥降失水材料的研究进展

综述了近十年来国内外油井水泥降失水剂的研究及应用情况,这些降失水剂主要包括超细颗粒材料和水溶性高分子材料,并分析了有关降失水作用机理,其中介绍了水溶性聚合物的5种改性方法,最后提出了今后对油井水泥降失水剂应进一步研究的工作.     

硝酸铵AN_Ⅳ?AN_Ⅲ相变机制与改性添加剂研究进展

对硝酸铵AN_Ⅳ?AN_Ⅲ相变机制进行介绍,并对不同种类硝酸铵改性添加剂的效果及作用机制进行分析,涉及改性剂种类包括无机盐、聚合物、表面活性剂。3种类型添加剂均能够不同程度的改善硝酸铵AN_Ⅳ?AN_Ⅲ的相变温度,起到抑制相变并减轻硝酸铵结块程度的作用,同时被改性的硝酸铵的膨胀率、堆积密度、抗压强度等物性也会发生不同程度的变化。并介绍水含量对硝酸铵相变和结块的影响,随水含量增加,硝酸铵相变点降低,结块严重,因此应控制硝酸铵的水含量。     

自润滑复合镀层的摩擦学性能及其强化机理分析

探讨自润滑复合镀层的摩擦学性能及其增强相的摩擦磨损强化机理;分析经具有自润滑性能的石墨、二硫化钼、聚四氟乙烯及碳纳米管等改性的复合镀层的摩擦学行为;并探讨该类复合镀层的摩擦磨损强化机制。     

Investigation on sulfation of modified Ca-based sorbent

When applied for desulfurization in coal combustion process, common Ca-based sorbents have very low Ca conversion and some additives were found can improve the sulfation effect of sorbents greatly. The sulfation characteristics and pore structure of Ca-based sorbent modified by some inorganic compound were investigated in this paper. Although the sulfur capture capability of M-CaO (calcined from modified limestone) greatly exceeds that of N-CaO (calcined from original limestone), the M-CaO sulfation phenomena cannot be explained well based only on pore structure, as has been suggested by some investigators. To find the sulfation mechanism, the crystal structure of M-CaO was measured. Based on experiments and solid-state ions diffusion theory, a new sulfation mechanism is proposed: lattice defects in M-CaO lead to higher calcium conversion. Based on this conclusion, a rule that estimates whether or not a compound can act as a Ca-based sorbent additive is suggested.     

有机硅降滤失剂的研究进展

阐述了有机硅降滤失的研究进展,详细解释有机硅降滤失剂的作用机理。介绍有机硅改性腐植酸、有机硅改性淀粉和硅氟降滤失剂3种主要的有机硅降滤失剂,并对其制备过程和性能特点进行描述。最后对有机硅降滤失剂的发展方向作了简要概述。     

Improved gas sensing of electrospun carbon fibers based on pore structure, conductivity and surface modification

A polyacrylonitrile and carbon black complex was fabricated as a gas sensor using an electrospinning method. The electrospun fibers were thermally treated to obtain carbon fibers, which were then chemically activated to improve the active sites for gas adsorption. The surface of the activated sample was modified by a fluorination treatment. The electrical conductivity was improved by the inclusion of carbon black additives. The activation process improved the porous structure, increasing the specific surface area around 100 times. The gas sensing ability was improved by the developed porous structure and induced functional groups. This treatment improves each of the three steps in the gas sensing mechanism. First, the induced functional groups attracted the target gas to the surface of the gas sensor through induced functional groups. Second, the pore structure significantly increased the amount of adsorbed gas. Third, the electrically conductive carbon black additives resulted in an efficient transfer of the resistive response from the surface of the gas sensor to the electrode. In total, the sensor sensitivity for NO and CO gases was improved about five times based on the effects of chemical activation, carbon black additives, and fluorination treatments.