多金属复合氧化物催化剂研究与应用

多金属复合氧化物催化剂广泛用于气相氨氧化丙烷为丙烯腈、氧化乙烷为乙酸或乙烯,气相氧化丙烯醛为丙烯酸,氧化烷烃为羧酸,氧化丁二烯对甲基丙烯醛和异戊烯脱氢为苯乙烯等.     

钼基催化剂技术发展现状

钼基催化剂广泛用于原油加氢、加氢脱硫,氨氧化丙烷为丙烯腈,气相催化氧化丙烯醛为丙烯酸,1-丁烯氧化脱氢生产1,3-丁二烯,从合成气生产乙醇或混合醇,甲烷干式重整,催化热解含碳气体生产碳纤维或纳米碳管,煤液化或气化和含氮氧化物废气净化等。     

丙烯氨氧化合成丙烯腈流化床反应器的模型拟合

基于反应动力学实验结果,分析考察了丙烯氨氧化反应的动力学行为,提出了关于反应转化率与目的产物收率的幂函数形式的拟合模型,藉此对某厂丙烯腈工业流化床反应器的操作数据进行了关联,在考虑反应器中气－固流动影响的前提下,建立了丙烯腈反应器的下述宏观数学模型：反应转化率Ｘ＝０．８３２５ｕ＾－０．１０５８ＲＮＨ３＾－０．０１６４ＲＯ２＾０．２５０９ｅｘｐ（－０．７４５９＋３５９．７９／Ｔ）丙烯腈单收ＹＡＮ＝０     

氨作碱源湿式氧化法焦炉煤气脱硫机理刍议

论述了氨作碱源氧化法脱硫过程的机理,剖析了A、D、A法与氨作碱源氧化法的机理差异.基于过程机理和笔者的实践体会,提出了氨作碱源氧化法脱硫工艺设计和设备选型与配置以及运行操作的改进方向,亦可供既有脱硫装置技术改造时参考.     

硫酸锰在氨性介质中制备四氧化三锰的研究

研究了硫酸锰溶液在氨性介质中锰离子水解沉淀的机理和锰离子的沉淀率,还研究了硫酸锰水解产物的氧化。结果表明：硫酸锰溶液的水解产物是氢氧化锰和碱式硫酸锰的混合物。混合物中的氢氧化锰优先于碱式硫酸锰氧化,氧化产物四氧化三锰硫含量偏高是碱式硫酸锰很难被完全氧化所致。温度为30℃和pH为10．4时,锰离子的沉淀率仅为87．3％,锰离子与氨发生络合反应是造成其沉淀率小的主要原因。     

稀土氨氮废水的厌氧氨氧化处理试验研究

研究了以上循环流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)作厌氧氨氧化菌反应器,通过厌氧氨氧化工艺处理含氨氮稀土废水,考察了温度、La~(3+)质量浓度、水力停留时间对氨氮去除率的影响及反应前后反应器内微生物群落的变化。结果表明:适宜温度及水力停留时间均有利于氨氮去除;低质量浓度La~(3+)对厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)菌有可恢复的短期抑制作用;在35℃、La~(3+)质量浓度低于1 mg/L、水力停留时间24 h条件下,氨氮去除率达85.99%;厌氧氨氧化工艺运行过程中,系统内微生物群落结构丰度逐渐下降及多样性减少,后期反应器中主要存在2种具有厌氧氨氧化能力的菌属Candidatus Kuenenia和Candidatus Anammoxoglobus。     

红枫湖沉积物中氮循环相关微生物研究

选择喀斯特地区饮用水源地红枫湖水库为研究对象,研究与氮循环有关的微生物.采用稀释平板法及最适或然数法测定了8个站住表层沉积物中氧化细菌、氨氧化细菌、亚硝酸氧化细菌、反硝化细菌的分布情况.结果表明:8个站位中氨化细菌、氨氧化细菌、亚硝酸氧化细菌、反硝化细菌分别为104～106CFU/g、105～107MPN/g、105～107MPN/g、105～109MPN/g.其中,氨化细菌数量最多的是大坡上采样点,其余采样点差别不大;氨氧化细菌数量最多的是花渔洞大桥采样点;新庄的亚硝酸氧化细菌高于其他采样点;反硝化细菌数量较大的是大坡上.     

氰化物生物解毒法进展

低品位贵金属矿堆浸产生的含氰废水是一个急需解决的问题。现正在研究用微生物氧化氰化物的处理技术。据报道,某些微生物,如真菌和细菌,能使氰化物发生代谢变化,而另一些微生物,在细胞新陈代谢中能利用氰化物、硫代氰酸盐、氰氨合成氨基酸。这些化合物也被用作氮源和碳源。例如大芽孢杆菌把氰化钾转变成天冬酰胺、丁氨二酸、二氧化碳。而ppm菌(Pseudomonas paucimobilis mudlock)能把游离氰化物和络合氰化物氧化为碳酸盐和氨。一种签定为pp菌(Pseudomonas Pseudoal caligenes)的分解氰根的细菌,它们能把尾矿池水中氰根氧化90％以上。     

从模拟的矿山和工厂废液中生物分离氨和硝酸根

尽管硝化 /脱硝法已用于从城市和工业废水中去除氨和硝酸根 ,但去除矿山废液中的这些离子的有关报道却很少。为此 ,D.W.Koren等人研究和评估了用微生物硝化 /脱硝法从模拟的矿山废液中去除氨和硝酸根的可行性。矿山废液中 ,氨的总质量浓度为 10～ 40 mg/L,硝酸根质量浓度为 2 5～ 3 0 0mg/L。生物法除氨分两步完成 ,第一步是将氨氧化成硝酸根 ,即硝化 ;第二步则将硝酸根还原成二氮气体 ,即脱硝。氨的氧化试验在连续搅拌槽反应器和滴滤池中进行 ,而硝酸根的还原试验则用甲醇作为碳和能源 ,以下进液方式在密实床反应器中进行。试验结果表明 …     

高碱性脉石低品位氧化铜矿提铜研究进展

高碱性脉石低品位氧化铜矿属于"三高一低"的难处理的氧化铜矿, 其矿石具有高钙镁、高含泥量、高氧化率和低铜品位的特点。本文综述了该类矿物的资源特征、浸出方法和浸出液提铜方法。主要浸出方法包括:浮选法、氨浸法、细菌浸出等。铜氨溶液中提铜方法有萃取法、离子交换法、沉淀法等, 目前氨浸法和产氨菌浸出能有效而经济地浸出, 但氨浸法由于氨的挥发性和产氨菌浸出培养问题都有其缺陷, 因此, 笔者认为常温下低浓度氨浸-萃取或产氨菌浸出-萃取是从高碱性脉石低品位氧化铜矿石提取铜的未来发展方向之一。      

Longitudinal relationships of levels of language in writing and between writing and reading in grades 1 to 7.

Longitudinal structural equation modeling was used to evaluate longitudinal relationships across adjacent grade levels 1 to 7 for levels of language in writing (Model 1, subword letter writing, word spelling, and text composing) or writing and reading (Model 2, subword letter writing and word spelling and reading; Model 3, word spelling and reading and text composing and comprehending). Significant longitudinal relationships were observed within and across levels of language: spelling to spelling and spelling to composing (Grades 1 to 7), Models 1 and 3, and composing to spelling (Grades 3 to 6, Model 1; Grades 4 to 6, Model 3); spelling to word reading and word reading to spelling (Grades 2 to 7), Models 2 and 3; spelling to word reading (Grade 1), Model 2, and word reading to spelling (Grade 1), Model 3; composition to comprehension (Grades 3 to 5), Model 3; comprehension to composition (Grades 2 to 6), Model 3; and comprehension to word reading (Grades 1 to 6), Model 3. Results are discussed in reference to the levels of language in translating ideas into written language and integrating writing and reading. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Damage Detection through Analysis of Modes in a Partially Constrained Plate

The need for aircraft, both military and civilian, to serve longer and cost less to operate is ever present. The ability to potentially extend service life and reduce operating and maintenance costs are key factors in the many choices with aircraft programs. The field of structural health monitoring attempts to reduce labor and cost by allowing technicians to monitor selected properties of an aircraft’s structure to detect impending failure. This research examines methods to detect damage to a thermal protection system tile using representative aluminum plates. Plates are subjected to modal analysis in single and joined conditions in an attempt to provide the capability of sensing damage to a tile on the surface of a vehicle whereas the sensors remain on the substructure of the airframe. Jointly, the development of a means to model the system using finite-element techniques is explored. It is found that the finite-element modeling technique produces correlating modal frequencies within a 7.19% worst case average when compared to the physical tests. This leads to the ability to compare mode shapes and frequencies to detect damage in such a system.     

An experience sampling study of learning, affect, and the demands control support model.

The demands control support model (R. A. Karasek & T. Theorell, 1990) indicates that job control and social support enable workers to engage in problem solving. In turn, problem solving is thought to influence learning and well-being (e.g., anxious affect, activated pleasant affect). Two samples (N = 78, N = 106) provided data up to 4 times per day for up to 5 working days. The extent to which job control was used for problem solving was assessed by measuring the extent to which participants changed aspects of their work activities to solve problems. The extent to which social support was used to solve problems was assessed by measuring the extent to which participants discussed problems to solve problems. Learning mediated the relationship between changing aspects of work activities to solve problems and activated pleasant affect. Learning also mediated the relationship between discussing problems to solve problems and activated pleasant affect. The findings indicated that how individuals use control and support to respond to problem-solving demands is associated with organizational and individual phenomena, such as learning and affective well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emotions in memories of success and failure: A cultural perspective.

Americans and Chinese tend to behave differently in response to success and failure: Americans tend to persist on a task after success, whereas Chinese tend to persist after failure. This study examined whether cultural differences in emotional reactions to success and failure account for these differences. American and Chinese students recalled personal success and failure events, evaluated the primary emotion evoked by the event, and responded to measures of concerns, appraisals, and willingness to try the same task again. Americans were more likely than Chinese to report that their success enhanced their self-esteem. Chinese were more likely than Americans to estimate that their success would make others jealous and enhance others' respect for their family. Chinese, compared to Americans, viewed failures as more tolerable, as less problematic for their goals, and as less damaging to their self-esteem. Culture moderated the relations between these components of emotion and willingness to try the task again. In short, culturally framed emotional reactions to success and failure result in different patterns of anticipated self-regulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Are Psychologists Unpatriotic?

The author notes that, whether or not it is good for the advancement of a science of psychology, the psychologist has a duty to himself and to humanity to contribute far more than he has to one of the most pressing problems of our day--the problem of war and peace. Probably, there should be three types of literature about psychology and war: methodology, psychological information, and overall analyses. The production of information and idea patterns related to war and peace should not have to wait on special appropriations or special invitations to psychologists to participate. Psychologists should go to work on the problem and somehow see that their efforts find expression in publications that become widely available to those who might be interested in reading them. It would also seem reasonable to suppose that a national psychological convention would devote a major part of its time to this vital topic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of long-term exposure to volatile irritants on sensory thresholds, negative mucosal potentials, and event-related potentials.

This study examined whether repetitive exposure to an irritant stimulant leads to desensitization and whether such modulation influences the psychological or the physiological response to that chemical. Subjects were exposed to acetic acid vapor in their home environment. Before, during, and after 3 weeks of daily exposure, the authors obtained electrophysiological recordings at peripheral and central levels in combination with psychophysical responses to acetic acid and acetone. Responses to acetic acid decreased during and following exposure. This did not generalize to the control irritant. Thresholds measured 1 year following exposure returned to baseline levels. In summary, repetitive exposure to an irritant vapor results in a specific desensitization to irritancy from that chemical, which appears to originate at a peripheral level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Repairing your marriage after his affair: A woman’s guide to hope and healing.

Reviews the book, Repairing your marriage after his affair: A woman's guide to hope and healing by Marcella Bakur Weiner and Armand DiMele (1998). This book addresses the difficult task of reestablishing trust in the marriage after an affair and offers specific guidelines for discussions that aid the healing process. The authors recommend exercises that help the couple break down the barriers to intimacy and cultivate greater happiness in the marriage. They also include a chapter for handling children during this critical period and suggest ways to minimize the trauma to them. Their advice is sound and their suggestions for recovery quite practical and valuable to any woman struggling to come to terms with her partner's affair. The authors provide some helpful information to the woman contending with this problem and hoping to continue in the marriage. It is likely to appeal most to the woman reluctant to enter individual or couple therapy with her husband, yet needing some help in coping with the intense emotions at this confusing time; it can help her in deciding whether to leave or stay in the marriage. The book can also be used as an adjunct to therapy for women already in treatment who might want supplemental reading. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

NJTxtr—A Computer Program Based on LASER to Monitor Asphalt Segregation

Abstract: This paper describes the research funded by the New Jersey Department of Transportation to develop an automated technology to monitor segregation during construction of hot-mix asphalt concrete pavements. A Laser-based system was used to measure surface texture and to detect segregation. Two segregated test sections and a control test section were tested to evaluate the applicability of Laser texture method to detect and quantify segregation. Laser texture data were gathered from all three sections. Ratios of texture in segregated areas to that in nonsegregated areas were set as the basis for detection of different levels of segregation. By combining the level of segregation and extent of segregation, an AREA index was developed to determine the acceptability of a pavement section. Based on AREA index, pay adjustment factors were proposed to reduce the payment to account for loss of pavement life due to segregation. Further remedial actions were proposed to correct segregated pavement sections with acceptable AREA index. Based on the above concepts, Windows-based computer program NJTxtr was developed to detect and quantify segregation. This computer program uses the Laser-equipment-collected pavement texture data and determines whether the pavement section is acceptable or unacceptable based on the level of segregation within a pavement section, and provides bonus or penalties to the contractor. The paper describes a novel technology using laser and associated software for construction quality control of asphalt concrete pavements. The proposed methodology was applied to detect segregation in an interstate highway section in New Jersey, and this section was repaved based on visual observation and recommendation from this study.