碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料的粘接性能

利用超声分散、酸处理以及表面活性剂分散的方法将碳纳米管分散到蓖麻油中,制备了蓖麻油型聚氨酯/碳纳米管(PUR/CNTs)复合材料,观察了该复合材料的微观结构,探讨了CNTs用量、酸处理时间以及表面活性剂的用量对复合材料粘接性能的影响。结果表明,随着蓖麻油中CNTs用量的增加,该复合材料的粘接强度不断提高,当增加到2%时,粘接强度提高84.4%;硝酸处理3 h的聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的粘接强度最大,比未酸处理的复合材料增加15%;表面活性剂分散的聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料的粘接强度能得到进一步的提高。     

聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料力学及电性能研究

利用超声分散和原位聚合的方法制备了聚氨酯／碳纳米管((PUR／CNTs)复合材料,观察了该复合材料的微观结构,探讨了CNTs含量对复合材料力学性能和电性能的影响。结果表明,CNTs在基体中获得了较好的分散,当CNTs质量分数为2％时复合材料的力学性能得到全面提高,与PUR相比,拉伸强度提高11．6％,拉伸弹性模量提高11．3％,断裂伸长率提高10．4％;复合材料的导电性能得到明显的提高,在CNTs质量分数为0．5％时可用作抗静电材料。     

炭黑/碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的导电渗流行为研究

采用超声分散溶液混合法制备炭黑/碳纳米管/环氧树脂(CB/CNTs/EP)复合材料,研究了不同几何结构的炭系填料的导电作用,并且通过体积电阻率测试和扫描电镜等手段分别对其电性能和微观形貌进行了表征与分析。结果表明,在CB/CNTs/EP复合材料中,CB和CNTs按质量比4:1填充复合体系的渗流阈值为3.8%,介于两种填料单独使用时的两个渗流阈值之间。不同结构纳米材料(CB和CNTs)的混用会在环氧树脂体系中形成更稳定的导电网络,提高了复合材料的导电性。     

CNTs/硅橡胶纳米复合材料导电性能的研究

采用超高速剪切分散的方法制备碳纳米管(CNTs)/硅橡胶纳米复合材料.试验结果表明,CNTs在复合材料中分散效果尚可;添加CNTs后,硅橡胶体积电阻率下降明显;与羟基化多壁CNTs相比,未羟基化多壁CNTs渗流阈值较小,对硅橡胶导电性能的提高作用较明显.     

EP/CFDSF/CNTs复合材料的力学性能和电学性能

采用浓硝酸和浓硫酸改性碳纳米管(CNTs),然后以环氧树脂(EP)为基体、碳纤维双层间隔织物(CFDSF)为增强体制备了EP/CFDSF/CNTs复合材料,研究了改性CNTs含量对EP/CNTs和EP/CFDSF/CNTs复合材料力学性能及电学性能的影响。结果表明,随改性CNTs含量增加,两种复合材料的弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度均先升高后降低,当改性CNTs的含量为2.5份时,两种复合材料的力学性能最好,EP/CFDSF/CNTs复合材料的弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度分别为145.18 MPa和18 kJ/m~2,分别较EP/CNTs复合材料提高了12.5%和18.4%。随改性CNTs含量增加,两种复合材料的体积电阻率降低,当达到渗滤阈值即改性CNTs的含量为2.5份后下降明显,EP/CNTs复合材料的体积电阻率为25.9Ω·cm,而EP/CFDSF/CNTs复合材料的体积电阻率为20.85Ω·cm。     

碳纳米管改性聚氨酯复合材料

用原位聚合法制备两组聚氨酯(PUR)/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合材料.一组是在超声波作用下将CNTs直接和PUR复合;另一组是将硅烷偶联剂处理的CNTs在超声波作用下与PUR原位聚合制备PUR/CNTs复合材料.探讨了CNTs含量对复合材料电性能的影响,在w(CNTs)为1.0%时可用作抗静电材料.经硅烷偶联剂处理的CN...     

PCL/CNTs复合材料的性能

以聚己内酯(PCL)和碳纳米管(CNTs)为主要材料,采用熔融共混制备PCL/CNTs复合材料。随着CNTs含量增加,以直径为10 nm的CNTs(简称CNTs10)制备的PCL/CNTs10复合材料的拉伸强度先增加后降低,以直径为5 nm的CNTs(简称CNTs5)制备的PCL/CNTs5复合材料的拉伸强度先减小后增大,断裂伸长率先降低后增加,体积电阻率逐步降低。CNTs含量相同时,PCL/CNTs5复合材料的体积电阻率小于PCL/CNTs10;CNTs5含量分别为12%和14%时,复合材料的体积电阻率分别为0.92Ω·cm和0.52Ω·cm。扫描电子显微镜分析发现,随着CNTs含量增加,复合材料表面暴露的CNTs5数量逐渐增多,当CNTs10含量≥12%和CNTs5含量≥10%时出现一定的团聚。CNTs5含量为12%的复合材料综合性能最佳,其体积电阻率为0.92Ω·cm、拉伸强度为26.4 MPa、断裂伸长率为267.7%、撕裂强度为46.0 N/cm;在3.7 V直流电压下通电12 min,可从28℃上升到36℃,20 min后达到38℃,随后温度缓慢上升,该复合材料在热敷保健和医疗器械领域具有良好的应用前景。     

聚酯/碳纳米管导电纤维结构与性能的研究

通过双螺杆挤出机制备聚酯／碳纳米管(PET／CNTs)导电复合材料,为保证CNTs在PET中分散均匀,同时加入了矿物偶联剂,经扫描电镜分析,加入相对CNTs质量分数为50％矿物偶联剂能帮助CNTs在PET基体中均匀分散。PET复合材料中加入质量分数约为2％的CNTs可以使其体积电阻率从1014下降到102数量级。采用复合纺丝获得了导电纤维,分别在PET织物和羊毛织物中,添加相对织物质量分数为25％,3％的PET／CNTs导电纤维,可使相应织物具有优良的抗静电效果。     

碳纳米管在聚烯烃改性中的应用

综述了碳纳米管(CNTs)/聚烯烃复合材料的研究进展,评述了今后CNTs/聚烯烃复合材料的研究方向。CNTs对聚烯烃的力学性能、电性能和光学性能有促进作用：CNTs/聚乙烯复合材料的拉伸强度提高了约20%;ω(CNTs)为0.30%的CNTs/超高相对分子质量聚乙烯的体积电阻率小于1×10~9Ω·cm,达到了抗静电的要求,ω(CNTs)为0.01%的CNTs/聚乙烯薄膜的紫外线总透过率从67.5%降到32.0%。     

连续玄武岩纤维平纹布增强碳纳米管改性酚醛树脂复合材料的研究

采用碳纳米管(CNTs)对S-157树脂基体进行改性,同时研究了不同分散工艺和CNTs质量分数(质量含量)对复合材料力学性能和烧蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明:使用CNTs对S-157酚醛树脂进行改性,采用球磨分散和超声分散相结合的分散工艺,可以明显提高CNTs/CBFTC/S-157PR复合材料的力学性能,但其烧蚀性能略有降低;当CNTs质量分数为0.5%时,CNTs/CBFTC/S-157PR的弯曲强度和压缩强度最大;当CNTs质量分数为1.5%时,CNTs/CBFTC/S-157PR的拉伸强度最大。     

PE-HD/CNTs/CB复合材料的导电行为研究

用溶液超声分散法制备了高密度聚乙烯/碳纳米管/炭黑(PE-HD/CNTs/cB)导电复合材料,研究了CNTs与CB的比例以及两者的总含量对复合材料导电行为的影响.结果表明,CNTs与CB以不同比例混合的试样其渗流阈值较PE-HD/CNTs高,比PE-HD/CB的低,CNTs与CB在材料内部可能形成了共同的导电网络;当其...     

Fracture toughness of epoxy-based stepped functionally graded materials reinforced with carbon nanotubes

The aim of this work is to investigate the fracture characteristics of the epoxy-based stepped functionally graded materials (FGM) reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The effects regarding fracture toughness in mode I were also studied. The specimens were fabricated with three different mass percentages of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%. An ultrasonic device was used to disperse the carbon nanotubes to have a uniform mixture without agglomeration of the CNT particles. Using the ASTM standard D-5045, the fracture toughness was obtained in the experiments. Some compact tension specimens were tested in a tensile machine in mode I. Two different notches were investigated to calculate the fracture toughness. For each notch, there were different fracture toughness and fracture forces values. The experiments showed that there is an improvement in the fracture resistance of FGMs and non-graded composite materials by increase in the CNTs content. The materials with the same content of carbon nanotubes do not have the same properties. It is seen that high fracture toughness can be obtained from different CNT content materials in each notch. In fact, the size of the notch affects the results. Comparing the fracture toughness values and fracture forces results showed that there is no specified rule to predict the increase in the fracture characteristics by increasing carbon nanotubes content. Fracture characteristics depend on the important parameters such as the size of the notch, CNTs content and dispersion of the carbon nanotubes.     

Highly dispersed carbon nanotube reinforced cement based materials

The remarkable mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) suggest that they are ideal candidates for high performance cementitious composites. The major challenge however, associated with the incorporation of CNTs in cement based materials is poor dispersion. In this study, effective dispersion of different length multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in water was achieved by applying ultrasonic energy and in combination with the use of a surfactant. The effects of ultrasonic energy and surfactant concentration on the dispersion of MWCNTs at an amount of 0.08 wt.% of cement were investigated. It is shown that for proper dispersion the application of ultrasonic energy is absolutely required and for complete dispersion there exists an optimum weight ratio of surfactant to CNTs. For a constant ratio of surfactant to MWCNTs, the effects of MWCNT type (short and long) and concentration on the fracture properties, nanoscale properties and microstructure of nanocomposite materials were also studied. Results suggest that MWCNTs improve the nano- and macromechanical properties of cement paste.     

Ultrasound assisted twin screw extrusion of polymer-nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes

The unique morphology and strong intertube attraction between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make the dispersion of CNTs challenging and hence limit its effective use. A novel method for the continuous dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in a polymer matrix for manufacturing high performance nanocomposites was developed using an ultrasonically assisted twin screw extrusion process. Reduction of the die pressure and variation of the ultrasonic power consumption as a function of amplitude were measured at various MWNT loadings. The effect of ultrasound on rheological, electrical, morphological and mechanical properties of polyetherimide (PEI) matrix and PEI-filled with 1-10 wt% MWNTs was studied. In the treated nanocomposites, the complex viscosity, storage and loss moduli were increased and damping characteristics were decreased as compared to untreated ones. Rheological and electrical percolations were found to be between 1 and 2 wt% MWNT loading. Ultrasonic treatment does not affect the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites. Mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and tensile strength were significantly increased with MWNT loading but moderately with ultrasonic treatment at high loadings and certain ultrasonic amplitudes. The morphology and state of dispersion of MWNTs were investigated by means of HRSEM. In the ultrasonically treated nanocomposites, the obtained micrographs showed excellent dispersion of MWNTs in PEI matrix.     

碳纳米管填料静电自组装制备及在导电塑料中的应用

为了提高碳纳米管(CNTs)在塑料中的分散性能,设计碳纳米管填料(CNTs Filler)。阳/非离子表面活性剂复配在水中分散CNTs,并赋予CNTs表面正电性。与表面负电性的炭黑或聚苯乙烯微球复合,通过静电吸附作用自组装形成均匀稳定的复合物,制备出CNTs Filler。对比了CNTs Filler、CNTs和炭黑在PS和ABS塑料中,经不同成型工艺的导电结果,证明了使用碳纳米管填料提高了碳纳米管在塑料中的分散性能,总结了碳纳米管相对炭黑作为塑料导电功能体适合压延成型加工。推荐碳纳米管用于导电片材、导电薄膜和高导电塑料等领域。     

碳纳米管负载CuO-CeO_2催化剂用于CO选择性氧化

分别以碳纳米管(CNTs)和68%浓HNO3处理的CNTs为载体,采用超声辅助的浸渍法制备负载型Cu O-CeO_2复合氧化物催化剂,用于富氢气中CO选择氧化。采用XPS和LRS对预处理前后CNTs管的结构与表面性质进行研究。采用XRD和H2-TPR对催化剂结构进行表征。结果表明,经浓HNO3处理的CNTs载体表面含氧官能团—COOH相对含量提高了约68%,且表面缺陷增多,有助于催化剂活性组分的沉积和分散。以此负载的Cu O-CeO_2催化剂上Cu O物种具有较好的分散性,晶粒尺寸较小,催化剂表现出强的低温氧化还原能力,且表面CO氧化活性位增多,对CO选择性氧化具有低温高活性,T50低至90℃,反应温度低于140℃保持高选择性,且CO完全转化反应温度窗口拓宽宽至30℃。     

Preparation and mechanical properties of waterborne polyurethane/carbon nanotube composites

Waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite films with 0–4.0 wt% CNTs were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion of carboxylic acid‐functionalized CNTs in WBPU followed by emulsion casting process. The elongations at break of the WBPU/CNTs composites increase with the incorporation of CNTs. The tensile strength and crystallinity of the nanocomposite films with lower CNTs contents (<2 wt%) increase obviously; while the tensile strengths of the composites with more CNTs (≥2 wt%) decrease, in contrast to the pure PU film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicated that the CNTs are uniformly dispersed in the composites incorporated with lower CNTs contents (≤1.5 wt%). However, aggregation of CNTs increased with increasing CNTs content in the WBPU/CNTs composites, causing the macrophase separation. The dispersion state of the CNTs affects the crystallinity of the PU matrix and the phase separation of the composites, which are two key factors to influence the mechanical properties of the WBPU/CNTs composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Influence of dispersion states of carbon nanotubes on physical properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Effects of different dispersion states of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on rheological, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the epoxy nanocomposites were studied. The dispersion states were altered depending upon whether a solvent was employed or not. To characterize dispersion of the CNTs, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. It was found that the nanocomposites containing poorly dispersed CNTs exhibited higher storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity than ones with well dispersed CNTs. It means that the poorly dispersed CNTs/epoxy composites have, from a rheological point of view, a more solid-like behavior. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the nanocomposites with different dispersion of CNTs were measured. Both of the well and the poorly dispersed CNTs composites showed a percolation threshold of electrical conductivity at less than 0.5 wt.% CNTs loading and the former had higher electrical and thermal conductivities than the latter. Effects of the CNTs content on the physical properties were also examined experimentally. As loading of the CNTs increased, improved results were obtained. From the morphological observation by FESEM and TEM, it was found that when the solvent was not used in the CNTs dispersion process, aggregates of pristine CNTs remained in the nanocomposites.     

碳纳米管表面改性及其应用于复合材料的研究现状

对碳纳米管进行表面改性可提高碳纳米管的表面活性、分散能力和与基体材料之间的相容性,从而提高其在复合材料中的增强效果。本文介绍了碳纳米管表面改性的方法,分为物理法和化学法,物理法主要有高能机械研磨法、高能球磨法和超声振动法;化学法主要有酸处理法、偶联剂法、化学镀法、高能射线辐照法和原子转移自由基聚合法。在实际应用中常将几种改性方法联合使用,使得到的改性产物性能更稳定,性质更多样化。同时,介绍了改性后的碳纳米管在各种复合材料中的应用现状。并指出了对碳纳米管进行改性的两个重点：一是尽量保持碳纳米管的本身结构完整性;二是提高碳纳米管在基体中的分散性。     

Simultaneous ultrasonication‐assisted internal mixing to prepare MWCNTs‐filled epoxy composites with increased strength and thermal conductivity

The uniform dispersion of carbon nanotubes in epoxy resin is one of the key factors to achieve the composites with desirable mechanical and physical property enforcement. However, the widely used dispersion methods have their own respective limitations in pursuing satisfactory nanotube dispersion. Herein, a new dispersion approach, based on the synergetic effect of combining high speed internal mixing with running simultaneously continuous ultrasonication treatment, has been proposed. The dispersion of nanotubes was carried out in a high speed internal mixer, consisting of twin kneading block structured rotors and an integrated ultrasonic horn, which was intercalated into the central position between the twin rotors. At first, the FEM simulation was conducted to optimize the kneading element assembly and illuminate the geometry influence of the ultrasonic horn intercalation on the mixing flow. Afterwards, to confirm the feasibility of the approach, pristine MWCNTs (P‐CNTs), oxidation modified MWCNTs (M‐CNTs) and M‐CNTs/multilayer graphene nanoplatelets (MGPs) hybrid are dispersed into epoxy resin. The dispersion of each sample in its liquid epoxy state is investigated under transparent optical microscopy. More characterizations, including SEM, TG/DTA, tensile test, and thermal conductivity measurements, were conducted on the cured composites. Competitive reinforcements on mechanical tensile property and thermal conductivity were observed. Especially, at a 1.5 wt% M‐CNTs/MGPs hybrid content, the composite mechanical tensile strength and thermal conductivity were 47% and 30% higher than those of neat epoxy. This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility and practicability of the proposed approach to achieving good MWCNTs dispersion and distribution in epoxy resin. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:870–880, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers