分散体系对可氯化聚氯乙烯树脂结构与性能的影响

针对可氯化聚氯乙烯树脂颗粒的特性进行分散剂体系的研究,考察了分散剂对可氯化聚氯乙烯树脂表观密度、DOP吸收量、树脂粒径、老化白度以及树脂皮膜的影响,找出了树脂孔隙率和皮膜的有效调控手段。     

悬浮聚合体系中无机分散剂——羟基磷酸钙的研究

在悬浮聚合并用分散体系中,采用羟基磷酸钙(HAP)作为无机分散剂与聚乙烯醇并用进行苯乙烯悬浮聚合。而HAP粒径的大小(即分散度大小)对所研究的并用分散体系有很大影响。本文着重研究在合成HAP中各种工艺因素对HAP粒度的影响,控制HAP粒度的方法以及利用悬浮体HAP的“半沉降周期”(简称沉降率)来计算HAP粒径,找出它们的对应关系,并且提出了HAP的成核机理和微观结构,为并用分散剂聚合体系提供了理论依据。     

St／NPMI悬浮共聚树脂颗粒特性的研究

以磷酸钙和十二烷基硫酸钠组成复合分散剂，进行苯乙烯和Ｎ－苯基马来酰亚胺的悬浮共聚合反应。试验中分别探讨了分散剂用量、助分散剂用量、水油比和搅拌强度对共聚树脂颗粒的平均粒径ｄ、粒径分布标准偏差σ和颗粒表观密度ρ的影响     

羟丙基甲基纤维素分散剂对聚氯乙烯树脂颗粒特性的影响

研究了羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)分散剂对悬浮PVC树脂颗粒特性的影响,分析讨论了HPMC与PVA的复合使用效果。结果表明,随着HPMC粘度的增加以及羟丙基含量的降低,分散能力减弱,保胶能力增强,PVC树脂的平均粒径和表观密度增大;HPMC与PVA复合使用,生产的PVC树脂具有颗粒形态好、粒径分布集中、孔隙率高等特点。     

苯乙烯-马来酸酐-丙烯酸十二酯三元共聚物的合成与表征

采用沉淀聚合法合成了马来酸酐 苯乙烯 丙烯酸十二酯三元共聚物,讨论了各种工艺条件对聚合反应的影响。通过红外光谱、热失重分析仪等测试手段表征共聚物的特征。采用此三元共聚物作分散剂进行反相悬浮聚合,得到了大粒径的高吸水性树脂     

球状大颗粒树脂催化剂的研制

球状大颗粒树脂催化剂骨架采用专利悬浮聚合方法一次聚合而成,与常规粒径树脂催化剂的骨架有相同结构和性能,网状交联使树脂内部结构均匀,有更高抗压强度。试验结果表明,制成的球状大颗粒树脂催化剂,粒径6~8 mm,空隙率33%~36%,交换容量大于4.6 mmol/g,抗压强度大于300 N/粒,具有低溶胀性、耐高温不变形、不粘结的特点。     

聚氯乙烯新型分散剂——羟丙基甲基纤维素的应用研究获得重要进展

<正> 羟丙基甲基纤维素是当前国外采用的聚氯乙烯(PVC)优良的分散剂。在无锡市化工研究所和湘潭市化工五厂完成合成研究的基础上,哈尔滨化工研究所和吉化公司电石厂合作,将其用于PVC聚合技术。从八个聚合分散体系对PVC聚合作了考核。现试产PVC疏松型树脂208吨,初步测试表明,所得树脂鱼眼少,粒度分散集中,假比重高,高吸油率并具有良     

多孔酚醛树脂微球的制备

采用水相悬浮聚合法制备了多孔酚醛吸附树脂,通过正交试验探讨了致孔剂、酚醛比、催化剂、搅拌速率、温度、分散剂等对产物产率、产物粒径分布的影响,得到多孔酚醛树脂微球最优制备工艺条件:苯酚与甲醛占总体系质量14.5%,且n(甲醛)∶n(苯酚)=1.2∶1;催化剂为25%NaOH溶液,用量0.732 g;交联剂六次甲基四胺(HMTA)用量0.6 g;分散剂聚乙烯醇(PVA),用量0.28 g;致孔剂十八醇添加量5 g,搅拌速率185 r/min;在95~97℃下预聚45 min,反应4 h,酸固化30 min。制得的多孔聚合物微球产率高、粒径分布较窄、形态规整。以十八醇-甲苯混合致孔的酚醛树脂具有较高的产率(81.9%),且40~80目的微球占有率也高达97.2%。     

PVC树脂S-1000的性能优化

针对聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂S-1000老化白度低、树脂颗粒形态不均一、气味大等问题,对树脂助剂体系进行了分析,找到了问题产生的原因。通过对树脂稳定剂体系和引发剂体系的优化,使PVC树脂S-1000老化白度、树脂颗粒形态、气味等性能得到明显改善。     

苯类吸收树脂的制备及其吸收与释放动力学

以苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯为单体,采用悬浮聚合法合成了对苯类溶剂吸收倍率较高、吸收速率快的吸收树脂,考察了交联剂用量、引发剂用量、分散剂用量和单体配比对树脂吸收性能的影响。采用FTIR,TG,DSC等手段对产物进行了表征。表征结果显示,苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯发生了共聚反应,合成的苯类吸收树脂具有较好的耐热性能。实验结果表明,适宜的苯类吸收树脂的制备条件为交联剂二乙烯基苯用量0.13%~0.15%(w),引发剂过氧化二苯甲酰用量0.5%~0.6%(w),分散剂聚乙烯醇-1788用量约0.17%(w),m(苯乙烯):m(丙烯酸丁酯)=2.5,吸收树脂对甲苯的吸收倍率可达20g/g,吸收动力学过程符合准一级动力学模型。     

Effect of dispersants on the kinetics of asphaltene settling using turbidity measurement method

Organic deposition especially asphaltenes in reservoirs, wells, and equipment has a detrimental effect on petroleum economy. Generally, for chemically control of asphaltene precipitation using dispersants and inhibitors of precipitation or solvents of asphaltene is very common. Although asphaltene in crude oil is stable under specific conditions, but there is no assurance that the system will be stable and asphaltenes could be remaining in suspension state. In this study, the kinetic effects of three dispersants on stabilization of asphaltene aggregates were investigated by turbidity measurement method. Turbidity measurement showed as the dispersant strength rises, the turbidity of unstable sample containing dispersant less declines versus time. In order to carry out further studies on dispersants, the effect of dispersant on asphaltene particle size distribution was investigated. The results of asphaltene particle size distribution measurements showed that adding dispersant cause to decrease the volume percent of particles with medium diameter.     

分散聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺水分散体

以丙烯酰胺为单体,采用分散聚合法制备了聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)水分散体。以PAM的相对分子质量和水分散体稳定性为指标,考察了分散介质类型、分散剂种类、引发剂种类及用量、单体含量、聚合温度、聚合时间和搅拌转速等因素对聚合反应的影响。实验结果表明,分散介质类型和分散剂种类是影响PAM水分散体稳定性的主要因素,选择乙醇-水为分散介质、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散剂。采用正交实验确定了最佳合成条件:乙醇-水为分散介质(乙醇的体积分数为70%)、丙烯酰胺的质量分数为30%、引发剂偶氮二异丁腈用量为单体质量的0.3%、分散剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮用量为单体质量的6%、搅拌转速200r/min、聚合温度80℃、聚合时间8h。在此条件下,可制得相对分子质量较高且稳定性较好的PAM水分散体。     

反相悬浮法合成交联微球的工艺及吸水性能研究

以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为主要单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用反相悬浮聚合法合成出交联微球。研究了搅拌效率、分散剂、交联剂、协同引发剂等参数对聚合工艺的影响。结果表明:分散剂用量越大,转速越高,微球粒径越小;当转速为450r/min,分散剂用量为29%时,微球粒径为15μm;当交联剂用量为0.1%时,吸淡水倍率达到最大值980g/g,但交联剂对粒径影响不大。在矿化水中,交联微球的吸水率迅速下降,离子强度越大,下降幅度越大。随着微球的粒径变小,吸水率越大;当粒径为50μm左右时,最大吸水率达到极值。加入助引发剂AIBN后,微球粒径由微米级下降至纳米级。     

渣油分散剂对催化裂化过程生焦的影响及其分散效果表征方法的探究

通过探讨重油尤其是渣油催化裂化过程生焦的基本机理及主要影响因素,认为沥青质和胶质以及它们所构成的胶体体系对生焦过程有较大的影响。通过比较常规减焦措施如超声波法和乳化剂法,提出了通过加入重油分散剂的措施来抑制沥青质胶体体系中胶粒之间的相互缔合和聚集,从而有效改善重油体系的稳定性及反应性能,防止生焦。针对黏度测定法和小角X射线散射法在分散效果表征中存在的问题,提出了多重光散射法。实验结果表明,选择结构与胶质类似而分散性能好的双亲分子作为渣油分散剂,用多重光散射法进行表征,原料油稳定性提高了23.5百分点。     

Preparation of cationic polyacrylamide microsphere emulsion and its performance for permeability reduction

In this paper, cationic polyacrylamide microspheres （CPAM） were synthesized using acrylamide （AM） and methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride （TMAEMC） as monomers, ammonium sulfate as dispersant, poly（acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride） （PAETAC） as dispersion stabilizer, and ammonium persulfate as initiator. The synthetic method was dispersion polymerization. The effects of monomer ratio （AM/TMAEMC）, dispersant concentration, and dispersion stabilizer dosage on dispersion polymerization were systematically studied to determine the optimal preparation conditions. The structure and viscosity of the synthesized polymer were characterized by FTIR and capillary viscometry, respectively, and the particle sizes and distribution of the polymer microspheres were characterized by microscopy and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Finally, flow tests were conducted to measure the permeability reduction performance of the microspheres at various concentrations in sand packs with different permeability. Results show that CPAM emulsion of a solids content of 1 wt% has excellent performance in low-to-medium permeability formations （〈 1,000 mD）, and the efficiency may reach above 90%.     

A comprehensive experimental evaluation of asphaltene dispersants for injection under reservoir conditions

As the efficiency of dispersants with different origins is questionable for each typical oil sample, the present study provides a reproducible and reliable method for screening asphaltene dispersants for a typical asphaltenic crude oil. Four different asphaltene dispersants (polyisobutylene succinimide, polyisobutylene succinic ester, nonylphenol-formaldehyde resin modified by polyamines, and rapeseed oil amide) were prepared and their performance on two oils from an Iranian field under laboratory and reservoir conditions was studied. A thorough analysis including ash content and SARA tests was performed on the solid asphaltene particles to characterize the nature of deposits. Then a highly efficient carrier fluid, which is crucial when injecting dispersant into the wells, was selected from a variety of chemicals by comparing their solubility. In the next step, using an optical microscope, a viscometer, and a Turbiscan, the screening of dispersants under laboratory conditions was done on a mixture of dead oil and dispersant to evaluate the onset of asphaltene precipitation and its stability when titrating by a precipitant. Finally, two different mixtures of the efficient dispersants, live oil, and carrier fluid were used with the solid detection system (SDS) and the filtration method to examine their effects on the onset pressure of asphaltene precipitation and the asphaltene content of the crude oil under reservoir conditions. The results show that the combination of experimental methods used in this work could be consistently applied to screening asphaltene dispersants. Among the four different dispersants applied here, the dispersant based on nonylphenol-formaldehyde resin modified by polyamines showed the best performance on the available live oils. This chemical modified the onset pressure of asphaltene precipitation of light oil from 4300 psi to about 3600 psi and decreased the precipitated asphaltene of heavy oil by about 30 %.     

ZDDP与MoDTC在含酯类油的PAO基础油中的抗磨性能研究

将二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)和二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼(MoDTC)分别加入聚ɑ-烯烃（PAO）、PAO与分散剂、PAO与酯类油3种试样中，进行四球机抗磨试验，考察ZDDP和MoDTC对不同试样的感受性。将ZDDP和MoDTC两种添加剂进行复配试验，并通过扫描电镜观察磨斑形貌。试验结果表明：酯类油能够很好地提高PAO基础油的抗磨性能，其质量分数为5%～10%时即可达到较好的抗磨性能；PAO与分散剂试样中，增大ZDDP的加入量不能有效地降低磨斑直径，增大MoDTC的加入量可降低磨斑直径；PAO与酯类油试样中，随着ZDDP加入量的增加，磨斑直径减小，ZDDP的抗磨效果优于MoDTC；两种添加剂复配后与单剂相比无明显的增效作用。磨斑形貌分析结果表明：加入MoDTC的基础油试验测得的磨斑表面平整，对摩擦表面修复作用更佳，同时添加ZDDP与MoDTC的基础油，试验测得的表面磨痕不规则，两剂具有竞争关系。     

ZDDP与MoDTC在含酯类油的PAO基础油中的抗磨性能研究

将二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)和二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼(MoDTC)分别加入聚ɑ-烯烃（PAO）、PAO与分散剂、PAO与酯类油3种试样中,进行四球机抗磨试验,考察ZDDP和MoDTC对不同试样的感受性。将ZDDP和MoDTC两种添加剂进行复配试验,并通过扫描电镜观察磨斑形貌。试验结果表明：酯类油能够很好地提高PAO基础油的抗磨性能,其质量分数为5%～10%时即可达到较好的抗磨性能;PAO与分散剂试样中,增大ZDDP的加入量不能有效地降低磨斑直径,增大MoDTC的加入量可降低磨斑直径;PAO与酯类油试样中,随着ZDDP加入量的增加,磨斑直径减小,ZDDP的抗磨效果优于MoDTC;两种添加剂复配后与单剂相比无明显的增效作用。磨斑形貌分析结果表明：加入MoDTC的基础油试验测得的磨斑表面平整,对摩擦表面修复作用更佳,同时添加ZDDP与MoDTC的基础油,试验测得的表面磨痕不规则,两剂具有竞争关系。     

丙烯酰胺的非稳定态反相悬浮聚合研究

提出了在非稳定状态下进行反相悬浮聚合的设想 ,并以丙烯酰胺聚合为例进行了实验。实验结果表明 ,采用煤油作分散介质、过硫酸铵作引发剂、聚乙烯醇 /Span -60 /丙烯酸十八烷基酯作复合分散剂 ,在较高温度下 ,将丙烯酰胺单体溶液以极小液滴形式注入分散介质中聚合 ,不易结块 ,易得到粒状固体聚丙烯酰胺。     

CrO_3/SiO_2/MAO催化剂上的乙烯气相聚合

制备了一种新型的CrO3/SiO2 /MAO乙烯聚合催化剂 ,研究了催化剂制备配方和气相聚合反应条件对催化剂聚合活性和聚合物性能的影响。结果表明 ,该催化剂聚合活性高 ,聚合物的熔体指数较低 ,MAO与EtOAlEt2 共同使用作为还原助剂时得到的催化剂具有敏感的临氢效应。