环糊精在医药学应用研究中的新进展

综述了近几年来环糊精与药物分子形成包合物在医药应用上的新进展,即①超声波法合成药用环糊精包合物;②新型药用环糊精包合物的制备;③环糊精及其衍生物对药物的增溶作用。     

B.t.β-环糊精包合物的制备及其杀虫效果

制备出苏云金芽孢杆菌（B．t．）β-环糊精包合物，并对包合物进行了差热分析，证明B．t．原粉被β-环糊精包合。室内生物活性测定结果表明，当B．t．原粉与β-环糊精质量比为0．5：2时，包合物对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的杀虫活性最高，确定包合物中B．t．原粉与肛环糊精的最佳质量比为0．5：2。盆栽药效试验结果表明，当B．t．原粉制成环糊精包合物后，与B．t．原粉和B．t．制剂相比，对小菜蛾的防效明显提高。药剂处理后1、3、7d，B．t．环糊精包合物对小菜蛾的防效分别为41．67％、61．54％和60．00％，而B．t．原粉和制剂的防效分别为23．61％、38．46％、32．00％和31．94％、52．31％、46．00％。     

β-环糊精包合技术及应用的研究进展

β-环糊精包合物的制备、结构、性质和应用研究日益广泛.本文对环糊精包合物的制备方法、环糊精包合物的应用进行了综述.     

环糊精包合物在医药方面的研究简介

本文介绍了环糊精,环糊精的包合作用,环糊精包合物的特征、意义以及其应用前景。同时,着重对环糊精包合物在医药研究方面的具体实例进行了介绍,如:阿莫西林、丁吡吗啉、利福平、阿魏酸等药物制备的环糊精包合物。     

β-环糊精包合物的研究进展

β-环糊精(β-CD)是一类环状低聚糖,价格低廉且易得,因有独特的空腔结构而常被当作宿主分子,与其他物质形成包合物。β-环糊精包合物常被作为一种药物制剂的中间体,可大量用于增加药物溶解度、提高稳定性、液体药物固体化、降低刺激性等。β-环糊精包合物也在食品和化妆品领域应用广泛。综述了β-环糊精包合物包合条件、影响因数及应用,并在β-环糊精包合物应用前景进行了展望。     

环糊精包合物的研究进展

20世纪70年代初到现在,环糊精化学的研究进入了鼎盛时期,随着经济的不断发展,环糊精包合物的研究越来越广泛,在许多方面都表明出其具有独特的作用。环糊精包合物的制备、表征和应用研究一直是环糊精化学的重要内容。文章主要介绍了环糊精包合物在制备时常采用的三种方法,以及对其表征时常采用的方法进行一定的阐述,详细概括了环糊精包合物的形成因素,并对于环糊精的包合物在今后的应用以及展望进行了讨论。     

槲皮素包合物的研究进展

综述了国内外槲皮素包合物的研究概况。为了改善槲皮素的水溶性,人们把槲皮素与环糊精及其衍生物制成包合物。如槲皮素与β-环糊精(β-CD)、α-环糊精(α-CD)、部分甲基化-β-环糊精(M-β-CD)、羟甲基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)、硫代丁基-β-环糊精(SBE-β-CD)等制成包合物,使槲皮素的水溶性明显提高,更有利于在体内的吸收,提高了生物利用率。     

环糊精包合客体分子机理的研究

环糊精具有独特的疏水空腔结构，与一些物质包合后．能显著改变这些物质的理化性能。本文在环糊精包合染料的基础上，探讨了环糊精包合客体分子的机理。认为包合物形成主要取决于环糊精和客体分子结构及两者作用力的大小。客体分子或其中某些基团的大小与环糊精空腔大小相近的易于包合，两者之间的作用力大小影响包合物的稳定性，疏水力是包合过程主要推动力。     

沙喹那韦环糊精包合物的制备研究

目的:制备沙喹那韦β-环糊精包合物并考察其溶解度。方法:用相溶解度法判断沙喹那韦与β-环糊精形成包合物的摩尔比,通过有机溶剂蒸发法制备沙喹那韦β-环糊精包合物,用红外光谱(IR)对包合物进行鉴定。结果:沙喹那韦与β-环糊精形成包合物的摩尔比为1∶1,采用有机溶剂挥发法得到白色疏松固体。经IR鉴定,包合物已经形成,包合物能显著提高沙喹那韦的溶解度。结论:β-环糊精能够与沙喹那韦形成包合物,提高后者的溶解度。     

硫酸亚铁-β-环糊精包合作用的研究

采用饱和水溶液法制备硫酸亚铁-β-环糊精包合物,紫外分光光度法表征了包合物的形成,并用循环伏安法进一步证实β-环糊精和硫酸亚铁的主客体包合作用。最后采用紫外分光光度法确定了硫酸亚铁-β-环糊精包合物的包合比,并测定了包合物的包合常数,结果表明,β-环糊精与硫酸亚铁可形成包合物,包合比为1：1,包合常数为57．74L/mol。     

Equalizing effect of β‐cyclodextrin on dyeing of polyamide 6,6 woven fabrics with acid dyes

Cyclodextrins (CD) are produced from starch by the action of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) enzyme. Structurally, cyclodextrins consist of 6, 7, or 8 (α, β, and γ cyclodextrins, respectively) D‐glucopyranosyl units connected by α‐(1,4) glycosidic linkages. Having polar and hydrophilic outer sides and hydrophobic cavitation gives cyclodextrins a chance to form inclusion complexes with dyes in hydrophilic mediums. In this research, the equalizing effect of β‐cyclodextrins in dyeing of polyamide 6,6 woven fabrics with 6 different acid dyes were investigated. From the experimental results, it was determined that the β‐cyclodextrin shows a retarding and equalizing effect in dyeings carried out with the dyes that show interaction with β‐CD. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2660–2668, 2007     

侧链含有环糊精的聚合物的研究进展

聚合物侧链可通过化学键及分子间力与环糊精相互作用。当聚合物侧链通过化学键与环糊精作用时,环糊精空腔一般为空,可与小分子包合,对不同立体结构的分子具有选择性,在分析化学方面具有潜在的应用。当聚合物侧链与环糊精包合时,环糊精空腔与一定结构的侧链包合,形成侧链型多聚(准)轮烷。侧链型环糊精基多聚(准)轮烷的结构、性能独特,在许多领域具有潜在的应用。本文介绍了国内外文献中关于侧链含有环糊精的聚合物的研究进展,包括合成方法以及在各领域的应用等。     

环糊精包合手性分子的新进展

介绍了环糊精的结构特征及包合性能,环糊精包合手性分子的新进展。重点综述了近几年各类环糊精的包合作用在医药、生命科学及材料科学等领域的新应用,展望了其广阔的前景,期望能在医药学、生命科学及材料科学的应用上更有意义。     

Exploring poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels containing drug–cyclodextrin complexes as controlled drug delivery systems

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels containing drug–β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (ICs) were synthesized with glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. The role of cyclodextrin (CD), the effect of the nature of drug, and the degree of crosslinking on the drug‐release process were investigated. The probable mechanism of drug release was also explored. Controlled release of the drug was achieved from the hydrogels containing the ICs. The nature of the drug, in terms of its binding efficacy with CD, played an important role. The effect of the degree of crosslinking on the release pattern was strikingly different from that in the hydrogels containing free drug and those with ICs. The role of CD in the drug‐release process was not only due to its inclusion ability but also its effect on the polymer relaxation. GA, apart from crosslinking PVA, probably interacted with the cyclodextrins and, thereby, influenced the matrix structure and the drug‐release kinetics. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40318.     

Extraction of toluene,o-xylene from heptane and benzyl alcohol from toluene with aqueous cyclodextrins

The separation of aromatic compounds (toluene and o-xylene) from heptane and of benzyl alcohol from toluene with aqueous solutions of cyclodextrins has been experimentally investigated, because cyclodextrins and its derivatives can selectively incorporate several organic compounds, whereas the separation of the aqueous solution of complexed cyclodextrins from the organic feed is simple. Cyclodextrins are not soluble in organic liquids, but cyclodextrin derivatives are highly soluble in water. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins with different degrees of substitution and methylated β-cyclodextrin were selected for the extraction of toluene and o-xylene from heptane. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (two different substitution degrees) and hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin were selected for the extraction of benzyl alcohol from toluene. The liquid–liquid distribution experiments were carried out at room temperature. Toluene and o-xylene form 1:1 complexes with different cyclodextrins and heptane can form 1:1 to 1:3 complexes. Benzyl alcohol forms 1:3 complexes with hydroxypropylated cyclodextrins. The models developed describe the experimental data reasonably well, considering the large deviations in the analyses.Aqueous cyclodextrin solutions are not feasible for the separation of aromatic components from aliphatic hydrocarbons, due to low distribution ratios of toluene (0.05) and o-xylene (0.023) between the aqueous and organic phase. With high distribution ratios of benzyl alcohol, between 0.3 and 2.2 depending on the CD concentration (at a solvent-to-feed ratio of 1) and a benzyl alcohol/toluene selectivity of at least 100, aqueous hydroxypropylated cyclodextrin solutions have sufficient potential for extracting benzyl alcohol from toluene.     

表面张力法测定环糊精与表面活性剂包结常数的几种数值处理方法

表面张力法是研究环精精与表面活性剂相互作用的有力工具,用表面张力--表面活性剂浓度（γ－Ｃ）曲线来计算包结化合物的形成常数是可行的。本介绍了六种用表面张力法计算环糊精－表面活性剂包结化合和形成常数的数值处理方法。     

环糊精超分子包结物的制备与应用前景

环糊精具有“内疏水，外亲水”的空腔，可与多种客体形成包结构，并改善客体的特性，因而被广泛应用。综述了环糊精包结物的制备及其衍生物超分子包结构的应用领域。     

Application of cyclodextrin to the textile dyeing and washing processes

Cyclodextrins can form inclusion complexes with different molecules with the aid of their special chemical (molecular) structures. Physical and chemical properties of molecules can change after the formation of complex. This special feature enables the usage of dextrins in different industry areas. In this study, applicability of cylcodextrins in textile dyeing and washing processes was investigated. With this aim, β‐cyclodextrin was used in direct dyeing of cellulosic fabrics and in rinsing processes of direct dyed fabrics. Retarder/leveling effect of β‐cyclodextrin in dyeing process has been studied and the results were compared with that of a commercial product. In general, cyclodextrins were used in washing processes to remove the absorbed surfactants. It has been investigated whether this effect was the same for washing of dyed fabrics. Eight different direct dyes, for which the chemical structures are known, were used in dyeing and washing processes, and effect of β‐cyclodextrin on different chemical structures was investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 208–218, 2006