二苯并-14-冠-4及其聚合物的合成与表征

介绍了标题化合物的新合成方法,甲醛与标题化合物在甲酸催化下发生的缩聚反应,在此基础上合成了冠醚聚合物,并用红外光谱、质谱、热分析等手段对所合成的化合物进行了表征.     

N-胺化试剂MSH、PHA的合成、表征及热性能

以2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酰氯、2,4,6-三硝基氯苯和乙酰羟肟酸乙酯为原料,合成了标题化合物。利用红外光谱、核磁共振(H谱、C谱)、元素分析、质谱等方法确定了标题化合物的结构,初步探讨了反应机理,优化了合成条件。     

2-氯-3-吲哚醛肟的酰化反应研究

以2-氯-3-吲哚醛肟为原料,肟上的羟基和吲哚环上的氨基在碱性条件下与苯甲酰氯、氯乙酰氯、二氯乙酰氯、苯磺酰氯同时发生酰化反应,生成N-酰基-3-吲哚醛肟酯类化合物.还对酰化反应温度、缚酸剂等对收率的影响进行了研究,以78.1%-90.O%的收率合成了标题化合物酯类化合物,均是未见文献报道的新化合物.所有新化合物的结构通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、质谱及元素分析得以证实.     

2,7-二溴-9-亚(α-萘胺)基芴的合成

以芴为原料,合成了一种用于制备发光材料的中间体标题化合物.所得产物的结构经红外光谱、核磁共振谱、UV-Vis和质谱表征.     

4,7-取代邻菲啰啉衍生物的合成

对标题化合物的合成方法进行了研究,通过邻苯二胺和麦氏酸反应,经过热环化生成二氮杂三元环,再经过卤代、乌尔曼反应合成一系列新型标题化合物。所有产物结构经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱、液质、元素分析及红外进行表征。     

油酸酰胺聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸单酯二钠盐的合成及性能研究

以油酸酰胺聚氧乙烯醚(7EO)和顺丁烯二酸酐为原料、亚硫酸钠为磺化剂合成了标题化合物。最佳合成工艺条件:n(7EO)∶n(顺酐)=1∶1. 05,酯化温度130℃,时间为2 h,n(顺酐)∶n(亚硫酸钠)=1∶1. 05,磺化温度80℃,时间3 h,整个反应在氮气保护下进行。通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱确定了标题化合物的结构,并考察了标题化合物性能。标题化合物的临界表面张力为33. 09 m N/m,标题化合物溶液的消泡速率为0. 02 cm/min,乳化时间为15 min,渗透性为14 s,钙皂分散性为20%,去污力为66. 22%,增溶性为50 L/mol。研究表明标题化合物具有良好的表面活性、润湿渗透性和泡沫稳定性。     

3,6-二碘代-9-(4-甲基苯基)咔唑的合成

以咔唑为原料,通过Ullmann反应、碘代反应合成标题化合物,并对反应条件进行了优化选择.所得产物的结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱表征.     

由肟一锅法合成乙酰苄胺衍生物

肟与锌粉/醋酸反应,得到的中间产物与醋酸酐反应,一锅两步法高收率地合成了标题化合物.该合成方法操作简单,无须使用昂贵的催化剂,对环境友好,收率高达83%～93%.     

3-邻苯甲基-5-邻甲苯偶氮基-[1,3,4]-噻二唑-2-硫酮的合成

氮气保护下,邻二甲苯硫代卡巴腙和二硫化碳在氢氧化钠碱性条件下发生闭环反应,合成了标题化合物,用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱及紫外可见谱对产物进行了结构表征.     

5,10,15-三苯基-20-{4-[S-(N-乙基氨基甲酰)硫基]苯基}卟啉的合成及性质研究

以对甲硫基苯甲醛为起始原料,经官能团保护、脱保护和官能团转换,设计、合成了标题化合物,用熔点、红外光谱、核磁、高分辨质谱对相关化合物进行了结构表征.研究了标题化合物的紫外-可见光谱,荧光光谱,电化学循环伏安特性及在金电极表面的自组装性质.与四苯基卟啉相比,标题化合物苯环上的取代基对标题化合物的吸收和发射光谱没有明显影响,但可正移标题化合物的氧化还原电位.标题化合物可以在金电极表面形成自组装膜,并对分子探针Fe(CN)63-/4-在金电极表面的氧化还原过程起催化作用.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.