磺化杂萘联苯聚醚砜纳滤膜用于海水预处理

采用纳滤对海水进行预处理,初步考察了不同操作压力、回收率、温度条件对水通量的影响和膜对海水中主要离子的脱除效果。当水的回收率控制在30%时,在0.5～1.3 MPa压力范围内,膜对各主要离子的脱除率随着压力的升高逐渐增大。当固定操作压力为1.3 MPa,增大回收率时,膜对各主要离子的脱除呈下降趋势。当回收率为7%时,渗透出水的Langelier饱和指数(LSI)为-0.03<0,无结垢倾向。在20～90℃范围内,随着操作温度升高膜对各离子的脱除率略有降低,而水通量逐渐增大。     

预处理+无机陶瓷膜工艺处理乳化液废水的实验研究

实验采用预处理+无机陶瓷膜工艺对机械加工厂产生的乳化液废水进行处理.主要研究影响膜通量的几个操作条件:操作压力、膜面流速、温度对膜通量的影响情况,并确定了膜的合理操作条件;在此合理的操作条件下研究了膜通量、含油量、COD随时间的变化情况.结果表明,操作压力为0.36 MPa,膜面流速为4.66 m/s,温度为60℃时,...     

超滤法提纯异维生素C钠发酵液的研究

采用MF-5膜组件超滤2-酮基-D-葡萄糖酸发酵液,滤液质量高,收率可达98%以上;操作温度35～38℃,进口压力0.25MPa,出口压力0.15MPa,过滤中的平均膜通量为110L/(m2·h)。     

无机陶瓷膜处理印染废水的研究

研究了无机陶瓷膜处理印染废水过程,考察了膜孔径,操作条件对处理效果的影响及清洗剂和清洗时间对清洗效果的影响。结果表明:选用200nm的Al2O3膜管处理染料废水效果较好,合适的操作条件为:膜面流速4.2m/s,操作压力0.2MPa,温度30℃,此时渗透通量为129.64L/m2·h,CODCr的截留率达65%以上,色度去除率达90%以上。选择0.5mol/L硝酸溶液为清洗剂,清洗20min后,通量恢复为原来的81%以上。     

管式膜MBR处理垃圾渗滤液过程中膜的性能研究

采用管式膜MBR工艺处理垃圾焚烧场渗滤液,考察了长时间运行下管式膜通量的变化及操作压力、循环流量、温度、污泥含量等对管式膜性能的影响.结果表明,当循环体积流量达到1 000L·h-1、操作压力0.13 MPa时,膜通量达到48.02 L·m-2·h-1,膜通量随着操作压力升高而升高;随着温度的升高膜通量呈上升趋势,当温度达到32.7℃时,平均膜通量达到107.5 L·m-2·h-1;污泥含量对膜通量影响不大,污泥质量浓度在30～45 g·L-1时,膜通量仍能维持在75～100 L-m2·h-1;通过适当的膜清洗(NaClO溶液清洗),管式膜能保持在较高的通量(≥75 L·m-2·h-1,温度27.4～32.1℃)下长时间稳定运行.     

操作条件对NF90膜软化水过程的影响

以模拟硬水为水样,针对压力、温度和pH值等操作因子对NF90型纳滤膜软化水过程的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明,在处理暂时硬度为300 mg.L-1(以CaCO3计)的硬水时,NF90膜有较高的通量和Ca2+截留率,适用于水质软化过程。在操作压力为0.5～2.0 MPa、温度为13℃～37℃、水样pH值为6.0～8.0的条件下,膜通量随操作压力、温度的升高而升高,但受pH值的影响不大。在试验条件范围内,Ca2+的截留率均>97%。     

硅藻土/α-Al_2O_3中空纤维膜的制备与表征

文中采用相转化烧结的方法制备了硅藻土/α-Al_2O_3中空纤维膜,研究了硅藻土百分含量和烧结温度对制备的中空纤维膜性能的影响,该中空纤维膜具有较高的纯水通量和较高的机械强度,在硅藻土百分含量为10%,烧结温度为1 250℃,烧结时间为2 h的条件下,制备的硅藻土/α-Al_2O_3中空纤维膜抗弯强度为15.83 MPa,在操作压力为0.15 MPa时,纯水通量为3 227.18 L/(m~2·h),平均孔径范围为0.27～0.40μm,泡压范围为0.22～0.43 MPa。在大肠杆菌的去除试验中,去除率达到99.99%以上,能够有效去除饮用水中的大肠杆菌,可用于饮用水的微滤除菌应用。     

陶瓷膜-生物反应器处理生活污水的研究

用陶瓷微滤膜组装的膜生物反应器 ,在低流速下对生活污水进行处理。选择了适宜膜孔径的微滤膜 ,制定了一套有效的陶瓷膜恢复方法。在膜面流速为 1 .6m/s,操作压差为 0 .1 MPa条件下 ,研究了絮凝剂加入对过程稳定通量的影响。结果表明 :无絮凝剂时膜稳定通量为 89.2 L· m- 2 · h- 1· MPa- 1,易引起多通道的堵塞。添加不同量 Fe Cl3絮凝剂后 ,膜稳定通量分别提高了 1 2 2 .9%、2 38.0 %。     

陶瓷膜净化溶剂油的实验研究

研究了平均孔径0.2 mm的陶瓷膜对含杂质溶剂油的微滤过程,选用不加水和加0.5%(w)水2种料液,考察了操作时间、跨膜压差、错流速度、温度和铝粉含量对膜通量及铝粉截留率的影响,研究了反冲操作、浓缩和污染膜清洗过程. 结果表明,不加水较加水料液的膜通量明显增大;随操作时间延长,膜通量下降至稳定,铝粉截留率迅速增大至100%;跨膜压差增大或温度升高使稳定通量增大;错流速度增大,稳定通量先升高之后不变;铝粉含量越高,膜通量越低. 适宜的操作参数为跨膜压差0.16 MPa、错流流速3.9 m/s和温度40℃. 反冲操作能有效提高膜通量;浓缩过程中膜通量快速下降至平缓阶段再较快降低,净化溶剂油澄清透明;采用0.15%(w)洗洁精和0.25%(w)硝酸清洗可使通量恢复到新膜通量的94.9%.     

压力温度双敏性聚氨酯中空纤维膜通透性研究

以聚氨基甲酸酯(PU)为基质相,添加成孔剂及二氧化硅粒子,采用熔融纺丝法制得了具有对压力、温度刺激双重敏感的PU中空纤维膜;研究了膜的水通量随压力、温度的变化,对膜表面形貌进行了表征;并考察了中空纤维膜的截留性能。结果表明:制得的PU中空纤维膜为均质膜;膜孔径分布较窄,87.17%的孔集中在0.15～0.20μm。随着压力、温度上升或下降,膜的水通量相应增大或减小,水通量与压力、温度变化有着明显的相关性。经一次过滤,无机粒子清除率达98.52%～99.78%。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

卫生陶瓷烧成用窑炉发展之我见

归纳了当今卫生陶瓷工业的发展现状和水平 ,对窑炉产业提出了的新要求 ,分析了某一新型窑炉的特点 ,对发展我国陶瓷窑炉产业提出了建议     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.