江门市大沙河水库健康评估分析

大沙河水库是开平市重要的城市供水水源地,近年来,大沙河水库遭受上游支流尤其新兴地区汇入江门的多条跨市支流的污染,且受污染情况比较严重,蓝藻水华风险较高,水生态系统遭遇了严重破坏。依据水利部《河流健康评估指标、标准与方法(试点工作用)》(1.0版)、《湖泊健康评估指标、标准与方法(试点工作用)》等对大沙河水库健康状况做系统评估,从水文情势、物理结构、水质状况、水生生物和社会服务5个方面进行健康评估,针对生态水位、富营养化等健康问题,提出合理保护对策,保障大沙河水库生态、社会服务功能充分发挥,同时对河流水库健康评估关键技术问题进行探讨,为今后全国河湖健康评估工作提供依据。     

蓝藻水华控制技术适用性评估及长效策略研究

蓝藻水华是深圳供水水库水质管理过程中的管理难题,不仅影响水域生态环境质量,也影响居民的饮用水安全。笔者以深圳某供水水库为例,分析蓝藻水华形成原因,评估蓝藻水华控制技术的适用性,并针对性提出蓝藻水华长效控制策略。     

显岗水库水生态状况评价及蓝藻发生风险等级评估

根据2011年开展的显岗水库水质及水生态专项监测和污染源调查资料,结合常规监测成果,分析评价显岗水库水质现状、富营养化程度和水生态状况,评估蓝藻水华发生风险,并分析水库污染成因,提出保护对策。     

于桥水库叶绿素a的浓度特征及其影响因子分析

分析了2009年于桥水库叶绿素a的浓度特征,并运用相关系数法,探讨了叶绿素浓度与当日及前期水质和气象因子的关系。在目前营养盐条件下,于桥水库主要受磷限制,高含量的氮也可能对蓝藻水华有抑制作用。控制磷是目前于桥水库蓝藻水华的核心关键,而氮含量控制需要慎重。     

曹江“9．21”特大暴雨洪水对高州水库蓝藻水华影响的分析

2009年初,高州水库爆发了局部的蓝藻水华,藻类丰度明显升高,至曹江“9．21”特大暴雨洪水爆发前,藻类丰度一直维持在较高水平。该文分析了“9．21”洪水对高州水库蓝藻丰度及与藻类生长有密切关系的水质参数叶绿素a和pH值影响,结果表明：“9．21”暴雨洪水对高州水库的蓝藻水华起到了明显的抑制作用。     

镇海水库蓝藻水华的影响因子分析

镇海水库为广东省开平市重要的饮用水源地。近年来大规模速生桉种植、围库养殖以及生活用水污染造成了水库水体的富营养化。2012年2月-2013年5月对镇海水库进行水质监测,通过对监测数据进行分析,发现该水库浮游植物生长基本不受N、P营养盐限制,具备蓝藻水华发生的营养盐基础。对蓝藻水华影响因子分析表明,5月-8月这段时期,水库温度为300℃-32℃,适合蓝藻水华的发生,水温与叶绿素a的浓度具有相关性,较高的水温是蓝藻发生的重要条件之一;且该时期pH值持续保持在8.36-9.99的高水平,较高的pH值也是促成蓝藻水华的重要因素。镇海水库具备引起蓝藻爆发的外在条件。     

惠州市中型水库水质现状及保护对策浅析

本文根据2011年开展的惠州市21宗中型水库水质及水生态专项监测和污染源调查,分析评价惠州市21宗中型水库水质现状、富营养化程度和水生态状况,评估水库发生蓝藻水华的潜在风险,分析水库污染成因,指出存在的主要问题,从水功能区划、污染控制与治理、水生态保护与修复、水源涵养与饮用水源地保护、水资源保护监测与信息系统建设、水资源综合管理等六方面提出相应的保护对策,为惠州市中型水库水资源保护工作提供科学依据。     

南方山区饮用水源水库蓝藻爆发的成因机制研究

南方山区饮用水源水库蓝藻水华成为影响当地居民生活的重要问题之一。现以我国南方江西省寻乌县九曲湾水库为例,在水库水质及纳污现状、水库水生态环境现状调查与评价、水生态系统健康状况评估的基础上,对山区饮用水源水库蓝藻暴发的成因与机制进行研究,系统总结和分析其蓝藻爆发的成因机制,以期为今后的治理提供必要的依据。     

大沙河水库叶绿素a影响因子分析

运用回归统计法,研究了大沙河水库叶绿素a与环境因子间的相关性,同时分析了水库的富营养化状况以及叶绿素a的时间分布特征。结果表明:大沙河水库处于富营养化状态,且叶绿素a的季节性差异不显著;叶绿素a与pH值、TP含量呈显著正相关,与透明度呈显著负相关,而与水温、TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、DO、CODMn和BOD5呈弱相关;大沙河水库为磷限制性水体,TP是浮游植物的生长限制因子。     

罗坑水库富营养化分析研究

采用湖泊富营养化评价的基本方法对罗坑水库2008—2012年水体富营养化情况进行评价,两种评价方法所显示的富营养化现状和趋势基本一致,罗坑水库水质在2008-2012年期间,逐渐由中营养趋向富营养,呈波动式上升趋势。两种方法的评价结果表明:近几年罗坑水库2月份的富营养化状态日趋严重,显示2～3月份是罗坑水库水华发生的敏感期,这与近年来广东省部分水库蓝藻水华实际暴发特点是相吻合的。同时,对其产生的原因也进行了初步探讨,提出了该水库富营养化的一些解决方法和建议。     

Mapping cyanobacterial blooms in the Great Lakes using MODIS

Toxin-producing Cyanobacteria have been documented in Lake Erie and Ontario in the last several years. We developed algorithms to discriminate potentially toxic cyanobacterial blooms from other harmless phytoplankton blooms and to extract relative phycocyanin abundances from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) satellite data. Lee's quasi-analytical algorithm was used to calculate total absorption and backscatter from the 250 m, 500 m and 1 km bands of MODIS scenes. A non-negative least square algorithm was then utilized to discern relative concentrations of Chlorophyta (green algae), phycocyanin-rich Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), and colored dissolved organic matter and suspended sediments combined in lake waters using published absorption spectra for these components. MODIS-derived cyanobacterial concentrations and/or bloom distributions from 10 scenes acquired in the summers of 2004 and 2005 were successfully verified against contemporaneous calibrated measurements of pigments that were acquired from measurements made using continuous fluorimetric measurements of surface water (1 m depth) from six cruises, and three additional cyanobacterial blooms reported in the scientific literature between 2002 and 2006. These results demonstrate that this methodology could be used to develop a cost-effective practical screening method for rapid detection and warning of potentially toxic cyanobacterial blooms in the lower Great Lakes.     

Cyanobacterial blooms in the central basin of Lake Erie: Potentials for cyanotoxins and environmental drivers

Lake Erie western basin (WB) cyanobacterial blooms are a yearly summer occurrence; however, blooms have also been reported in the offshore waters of the central basin (CB), and very little is known about what drives these blooms or their potential for cyanobacterial toxins. Cyanobacteria Index was quantified using MODIS and MERIS data for the CB between 2003 and 2017, and water samples were collected between 2013 and 2017. The goals were to 1) quantify cyanobacteria, 2) determine environmental drivers of CB blooms, and 3) determine the potential for cyanobacterial toxins in the CB. Dolichospermum (Anabaena) occurred in the CB during July before the onset of the WB bloom, and then in August and September, the cyanobacteria community shifted towards Microcystis. The largest Dolichospermum blooms (2003, 2012, 2013, and 2015) were associated with reduced water clarity (Secchi disk depth?<?4?m), whereas large CB Microcystis blooms (2011 and 2015) were associated with large WB blooms. Dolichospermum blooms occurred in high nitrate concentrations (>20?μmol/L) and high nitrogen-to?phosphorus ratios (>100), which indicate nutrient concentrations or ratios did not select for Dolichospermum. Additionally, the sxtA gene, but not mcyE or microcystins, were detected in the CB during July 2016 and 2017. The mcyE gene and microcystins were detected in the CB during August 2016 and 2017. The results indicate the CB's potential for cyanotoxins shifts from saxitoxins to microcystins throughout the summer. Continued monitoring of cyanobacteria and multiple cyanobacterial toxins is recommended to ensure safe drinking water for CB coastal communities.     

梅州长潭水库省界水质评价与趋势分析

探讨了闽粤省界水体——梅州市长潭水库省界交接断面的近年水环境质量,对水体质量、富营养化和浮游植物进行评价;运用季节性肯达尔方法对各类代表性因子进行趋势分析。结果表明,主要超标项目为总磷、总氮,水库目前处于轻度富营养状态,容易发生季节性微囊藻水华。提出长潭水库作为省界水体的水资源保护对策。     

汉江中下游水质现状及污染趋势分析

通过对1992,1998,2000,2003年汉江4次暴发严重"水华"事件的成因分析,表明汉江中下游频发"水华"的最根本、最直接原因是水体中N,P等营养物含量偏高,是水质恶化与水流、气象等因素共同作用的结果。在对近20年汉江中下游水质监测资料的统计分析基础上,研究了汉江中下游水质污染的现状、特点及变化发展趋势,并对南水北调中线工程实施调水后可能对汉江中下游水环境的影响进行了预测,提出了保护汉江中下游水环境、促进水资源可持续利用的对策措施。     

Influence of light and mixing regime on bloom‐forming phytoplankton in a subtropical reservoir

The joint influence of local climatic and hydrological conditions on the vertical distribution of bloom‐forming phytoplankton was analysed for the Salto Grande Reservoir, a large and enriched subtropical system on the Uruguay River (South America). Threshold of physical factors hindering or impeding blooms was obtained and then contrasted with worldwide observations in reservoirs at similar latitudes. Inflowing discharge, water level, and wind velocity intensity interacted with temperature, producing mixing and light regimes with overriding influence on the vertical distribution of Microcystis spp., Dolichospermum spp., and Ceratium furcoides , hence affecting their maximum abundance and biomass. Cyanobacteria (Microcystis  > Dolichospermum ) showed the most heterogeneous distribution in the depth profile during strong thermal stratification, showing surface scums prone to horizontal displacements. C. furcoides was evenly distributed in the water column in correspondence to windy periods. Blooms of both Cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates did not occur when inflowing discharge exceeded 10,000 m³ s^?1. Nutrient influence on phytoplankton vertical distribution appeared strongly subordinate to the effect of light. Highest microcystin concentrations (>WHO alert Level 2) occurred especially after blooms collapsed during highly turbulent situations.     

小型人工湖蓝藻水华季节性发生规律及其防治研究

以西安鱼化湖为研究对象,通过原位观测总结了鱼化湖季节性蓝藻发生的现象和规律,表明蓝藻水华的发生季节与水质富营养化程度密切相关,人工湖蓝藻水华产生的原因主要可归纳为外源因素和内源因素。在蓝藻水华现象和原因分析的基础上针对鱼化湖具体特点提出了蓝藻的治理方法,所得结论与建议可为以后人工湖蓝藻预防与治理提供借鉴。     

Limnological characteristics, eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms in an inland reservoir, Australia

Ben Chifley Reservoir, the only potable water supply for Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia, has been experiencing recurrent cyanobacterial bloom problems since 1991. A study was undertaken from June 1998 to July 1999 to assess the limnological characteristics pertinent to eutrophication and the associated cyanobacterial blooms. From January–May 1999, the reservoir exhibited significant numbers of cyanobacterial cells, totalling > 9000 cells mL^?1. The highest number of cells (> 27 000 cells mL^?1) was recorded during April 1999. The water quality characteristics of the reservoir, and the river inflow and climatic data, were grouped into three distinct periods; before, during and after cyanobacterial blooms. High water temperature (15–22°C), thermal stratification (ΔT = 2.7–2.8°C), depletion of dissolved oxygen and high nutrient concentrations, all of which are conducive to enhanced cyanobacterial blooms, were evident before and during the bloom periods. Based on its nitrogen to phosphorus molar ratio, Ben Chifley Reservoir can be considered as being phosphorus‐deficient, in contrast to nitrogen, which is readily available from a number of sources in its drainage basin, including atmospheric fixation. Thus, it is recommended that adopting management strategies to reduce the quantity of bioavailable phosphorus in the reservoir would be the most effective way to minimize the occurrence of algal blooms.     

太湖蓝藻水华一体化监测系统应用

太湖近年来水体富营养化趋势不容乐观,蓝藻水华频发。太湖流域管理局采用水质在线监测、实时视频监控、卫星遥感监测辅以人工调查相结合的技术手段,从水质的点监测、沿湖视频的岸线监测到卫星的面监测实现全方位、多通道、三维一体的太湖蓝藻水华监测系统。多源监测信息的综合应用,为及时全面准确掌握蓝藻水华的发生面积、程度、位置及变化情况提供可靠的技术手段。     

河道型水库富营养化及水华调控方法和关键技术

本文提出了河道型水库富营养化及水华调控的系统研究方法,重点探讨了水利水电工程影响下的河道型水库富营养化及水华监测、模拟及调控方法及关键技术,包括流域水环境监测评估与水华预警系列技术,大型水库多维、多场耦合富营养化模拟系统,以及改善河道型水库支流库湾水温层化进而抑制水华暴发的调控方法等,以期为抑制河道型水库支流库湾水华暴发、改善水库水质提供参考和依据。     

Spatial-temporal variability of in situ cyanobacteria vertical structure in Western Lake Erie: Implications for remote sensing observations

Remote sensing has provided expanded temporal and spatial range to the study of harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) in western Lake Erie, allowing for a greater understanding of bloom dynamics than is possible through in situ sampling. However, satellites are limited in their ability to specifically target cyanobacteria and can only observe the water within the first optical depth. This limits the ability of remote sensing to make conclusions about full water column cyanoHAB biomass if cyanobacteria are vertically stratified. FluoroProbe data were collected at nine stations across western Lake Erie in 2015 and 2016 and analyzed to characterize spatio-temporal variability in cyanobacteria vertical structure. Cyanobacteria were generally homogenously distributed during the growing season except under certain conditions. As water depth increased and high surface layer concentrations were observed, cyanobacteria were found to be more vertically stratified and the assumption of homogeneity was less supported. Cyanobacteria vertical distribution was related to wind speed and wave height, with increased stratification at low wind speeds (<4.9 m/s) and wave heights (<0.27 m). Once wind speed and wave height exceeded these thresholds the assumption of vertically uniform cyanobacteria populations was justified. These findings suggest that remote sensing can provide adequate estimates of water column cyanoHAB biomass in most conditions; however, the incorporation of bathymetry and environmental conditions could lead to improved biomass estimates. Additionally, cyanobacteria contributions to total chlorophyll-a were shown to change throughout the season and across depth, suggesting the need for remote sensing algorithms to specifically identify cyanobacteria.