新型润滑添加剂的磨损自补偿效应研究

研制了磨损自补偿润滑添加剂ES12，并对45钢－45钢摩擦副及45钢－锡青铜摩擦副的磨损自补偿效应和摩擦学效应进行了研究。结果表明，当载荷增加了1．25倍，N46液压油润滑的钢－钢副磨损增大了1．73倍，N46－ES12润滑的钢－钢副由负磨损转为微量正值，为0．04mg。当行程增加3．98倍，N46液压油润滑的钢－钢副磨损增大了2．16倍，N46－ES12润滑的钢－钢副的磨损同0．01mg降低到－0．07mg。N46－ES12润滑的钢－铜副在不同载荷和行程内为负磨损。N46－ES12润滑钢－钢副和润滑钢－铜副的PB值都为1472N。     

Ce在钢中存在形式及作用的研究进展

Ce是活泼元素。钢液中加入Ce形成含铈硫氧化合物，能够脱氧、脱硫和脱砷，净化钢液，促进钢液凝固形核、细化组织；热力学计算表明CeAlO₃生成自由能最低，生成不同含硫氧化合物与钢液中含氧量、含硫量有关系；微量Ce能固溶于钢中，提高钢的抗腐蚀性能；Ce在钢中也能析出CeFe₂、Fe₄Ce₄C₇或CeC₂等脆性相，降低钢的性能。钢液中形成大量CeAlO₃易聚集堵塞浇注水口，形成Ce₂O₃或Ce₂O₂S分布在基体组织中，使钢在高温轧制时开裂，降低钢的性能。稀土加入低氧钢中能调控碳扩散，优化钢的显微组织和力学性能。     

Q390低合金高强钢焊接性讨论

低合金高强钢广泛应用于石油化工、采油平台、球罐等大型工业设施建设，具有良好的加工性与抗腐蚀性。Q390低合金高强钢是一种新型钢，与传统低合金高强钢相比，Q390低合金高强钢的焊接性更好、冷热加工性能更强，适合多种高负荷钢结构的要求，加强Q390低合金高强钢焊接性是提高实用性能的重点。     

铜钢组合件钎焊氧化皮去除法

铜钢组合件钎焊氧化皮去除法北京航空工艺研究所（１０００２４）朱彦海在焊接过程中，钢和铜因受高温作用而在其表面生成厚氧化皮。用化学浸蚀法去除，要将钢零件放到含有铜离子的酸中，使钢表面附上置换的铜，而这置换的钢又很难从钢表面上去掉。因此，在除锈时应尽量避...     

耐候高强度螺栓钢耐典型工业大气环境腐蚀性能研究

为了研究耐候高强度螺栓钢在典型工业大气环境下的腐蚀行为，从自制的10.9级耐候螺栓中取样，与35VB螺栓对比，进行周期为24,48,96,168,216 h的模拟典型工业大气环境周期浸润加速腐蚀试验，采用腐蚀失重、XRD、SEM、电化学测试等分析试验方法，研究耐候高强度螺栓钢在模拟工业大气环境下的腐蚀行为。结果表明：10.9级耐候螺栓钢和35VB螺栓钢的腐蚀失重量均随腐蚀周期的延长而增加，10.9级耐候螺栓钢的失重量明显低于35VB螺栓钢；随腐蚀周期的延长，10.9级耐候螺栓钢和35VB螺栓钢的腐蚀产物的衍射峰强度均增大，并且在相同腐蚀周期下，10.9级耐候螺栓钢中α-FeOOH相的衍射峰较强；在相同周期下，10.9级耐候螺栓钢与35VB螺栓钢相比，自腐蚀电位较正、自腐蚀电流密度较小，且容抗弧较大，说明加入了Cu、Cr、Ni合金元素的10.9级耐候螺栓钢在典型工业大气环境中具有较为优异的耐蚀性。     

安全壳钢衬的初始后屈曲分析

基于Ｄｏｎｎｅｌｌ的非线性板壳理论，认为钢衬壳是一种有特殊缺陷形状的钢衬板，用初始后屈曲渐进分析理论，研究了在温度应力作用下缺陷钢衬板即钢衬壳的初始后屈曲性态。计算了一个四点铆固钢衬壳模型，同时给出了铆钉间距等参数对钢衬壳屈曲极值温度的影响。     

新型高合金二次硬化超高强度钢的发展

本文介绍了国外高Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ的超高强度钢ＨＹ１８０、ＡＦ１４１０和ＡｅｒＭｅｔ１００钢的进展，与其它超高强度钢相比，ＡｅｒＭｅｔ１００超高强度钢具有更突出的综合性能，高强度、高强度、高断裂韧性，优异的抗应力腐蚀开裂和抗疲劳性能，此钢具有广泛的应用前景。     

渗铝钢热疲劳定性试验

热疲劳试验表明，渗铝钢抗热疲劳能力强于未渗铝钢。渗铝钢的热疲劳裂纹特征是表面块状崩落，而未渗铝钢则出现裂纹直至裂开。     

精炼钢与非精炼钢对冲击功的影响

针对精炼与非精炼船钢低温冲击值的差异，分析了两种钢的化学成分、夹杂物和显微组织等对冲击值的影响。结果表明，钢的精炼可以增加钢的耐冲击能力，使钢的冲击韧性大大提高，满足实际使用要求。     

直接淬火装甲钢的微观组织和性能

设计和冶炼了一种低碳低合金热轧后直接淬火装甲钢（ＤＱ钢），采用控轧和轧后直接淬火工艺生产钢板。对微观组织和抗弹性能进行了分析，并与ＧＹ４和ＧＹ５装甲钢进行对比。结果表明，热轧后直接淬火钢的变形奥氏体扁平形态保留至淬火组织中，转变后的板条马氏体细小；ＤＱ钢的背面强度极限与中碳ＧＹ４和ＧＹ５钢相当。用ＤＱ钢取代中碳装甲钢大幅度提高焊接性能并节约合金元素，并有望在舰船防护上得到应用。     

螺纹钢脆断分析

20MnSi螺纹钢筋在弯曲过程中发生断裂.采用化学成分分析、力学性能检测等方法,对断裂钢筋及对其经不同热处理工艺处理后的显微组织进行了对比分析.结果表明,钢中硅和锰含量严重超标,使组织中出现大量的贝氏体组织,铁素体含量降低,造成了钢的塑性下降,导致钢筋在弯曲时发生脆断.     

TiC/Fe-Al原位复合材料制备及其显微结构

本文研究了用废弃的钢和球墨铸铁以及钛铝添加剂为原料,经熔炼和热处理制备TiC/Fe3Al复合材料的工艺过程.用光学显微镜、XRD等方法观察了复合材料的相组成、显微结构(TiC颗粒的大小和形状),进而分析了原料成分、热处理时间和温度对原位反应、TiC颗粒的生成及显微结构的影响规律.     

烧成及热处理工艺对钛酸锶铅基热敏材料性能及显微结构的影响

研究了烧成及热处理工艺对钛酸锶铅基热敏材料的阻温特性及显微结构的影响。通过扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）和能量分散仪（ＥＤＡＸ）分析了材料的显微结构及不同形貌晶粒的成份。通过对组成、烧成及热处理工艺的控制，可得到具有Ｖ型ＰＴＣＲ特性的热敏材料。     

Heuristic algorithms for scheduling heat-treatment furnaces of steel casting industries

This paper addresses a research problem of scheduling parallel, non-identical batch processors in the presence of dynamic job arrivals, incompatible job-families and non-identical job sizes. We were led to this problem through a real-world application involving the scheduling of heat-treatment operations of steel casting. The scheduling of furnaces for heat-treatment of castings is of considerable interest as a large proportion of the total production time is the processing times of these operations. In view of the computational intractability of this type of problem, a few heuristic algorithms have been designed for maximizing the utilization of heat-treatment furnaces of steel casting manufacturing. Extensive computational experiments were carried out to compare the performance of the heuristics with the estimated optimal value (using the Weibull technique) and for relative effectiveness among the heuristics. Further, the computational experiments show that the heuristic algorithms proposed in this paper are capable of obtaining near (statistically estimated) optimal utilization of heat-treatment furnaces and are also capable of solving any large size real-life problems with a relatively low computational effort.     

中温热处理对铁素体不锈钢显微组织和抗拉强度的影响

研究了中温热处理对2种高碳铁素体不锈钢430和Cr21显微组织和抗拉强度的影响,热处理温度分别为700℃、800℃、900℃.对于430来说,通过中温热处理可以使马氏体脆性降低,其中700℃处理后其抗拉强度最高.而Cr21可以通过中温热处理控制其碳化物的析出来改变其力学性能.在800℃处理后其抗拉强度达到最大值.通过对冲击断口的扫描电镜分析发现,中温热处理不仅提高了430不锈钢的抗拉强度,而且其韧性也有一定提高.对于Cr21来说,虽然热处理提高了其抗拉强度,但是断口仍具有一定的脆性特征.     

塔机支承座的断裂分析

建筑施工用的QT45型塔机支承座在拖运过程中发生断裂。用化学分析、金相检验和热处理工艺试验等方法，对断裂支承座进行了分析。结果表明，铸造钢件支承座碳含量严重超标，导致其与走轮轴焊接时臆性开裂敏感性增大而产生热裂纹；同时支承座毛坯在退火时，耒严格按退火工艺执行，使其晶粒粗走，铁素体沿晶界呈网状析出，降低材料强度，最终导致支承座断裂。     

热处理工艺对中碳钢丝显微组织及其拉拔性能的影响

系统分析了热处理工艺对中碳钢丝显微组织及其拉拔性能的影响,结果表明,铅浴等温淬火处理组织中虽然还存在少量先共析铁素体,但其所占比例明显低于正火处理组织。经大压缩率变形后,铅浴等温淬火处理后大变形组织中微空洞的数量远少于正火组织,不论是钢丝强度,还是钢丝扭转性能,铅浴等温淬火处理钢丝都优于正火处理钢丝。采用中碳钢正火工艺生产其断丝率略高于以高碳钢为原料的生产工艺,而引入铅浴等温处理后大大降低了高强度中碳钢丝绳的断丝率,提高了生产效率。     

Fatigue crack growth rates and fracture toughness in electroslag refined En 52 steel

En 52 steel has been electroslag refined and the resultant effects of refining on its mechanical properties have been assessed. It was found that refining caused a decrease in fatigue crack growth rates and increases in fatigue strength, fracture toughness, Charpy fracture energy and tensile ductility. Fatigue crack growth rates in region I and in region III were found to be considerably lower in the electroslag refined steel: they were unaffected in region II. The fracture toughness values for the electroslag refined steel are nearly twice those estimated for the unrefined steel. Measurements on heat-treated samples have shown that the electroslag refined steel has a better response to heat-treatment. The improvement in the mechanical properties is explained in terms of the removal of nonmetallic inclusions and a reduction in the sulphur content of the steel.     

On the degradation the endurance of silicon-rich TRIP800 steel after hot-dip galvanization

Incorporation of Advanced High Strength Steels in structural parts of vehicles should save weight and enable economy of fuel. A very efficient protection against corrosion is achieved by hot-dip galvanization, which consists in dipping the steel in a molten zinc bath at a temperature around 450 °C. Degradation of the fatigue toughness of several steels after galvanization has been reported in several previous studies. Presently, we present new results concerning the evolution of mechanical properties of a silicon-rich TRIP800 steel after galvanization. The most striking is a reduction of endurance by a factor of ten at 525 MPa after galvanization. In the present work, we have ascertained two potential explanations for this degradation: (1) Modification of the core microstructure of the TRIP steel as a consequence of heat-treatment and (2) the propagation of cracks formed within the coating intermetallic layers after galvanization into the steel substrate upon cyclic loading. We found that heat-treatment is not responsible for the drop of fatigue lifetime. Our results neither provide any evidence that the cracks pre-existing in the zinc coating could be the starting point of the fracture in steel.     

Optimizing the Vacuum Heat-Treatment of Hot-Work Tool Steels by Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics

Linear elastic fracture mechanics was used to optimize the vacuum heat-treatment procedures for conventional hot-work AISI H11 tool steel. The fracture toughness was determined with non-standard, circumferentially notched and fatigue-precracked tensile-test specimens. The fracture-testing method is sensitive to changes caused by variations in the microstructure resulting from the austenitizing and tempering temperatures as well as the homogeneity of the material itself. The combined tempering diagram- Rockwell-C hardness, Fracture toughness K_Ic, Tempering temperature was used for the choice of the vacuum heat-treatment parameters necessary to obtain the best properties for a given application with respect to the investigated steel.