基于增量式光电编码器的高精数字测速应用研究

针对改进M/T测速法中的不足,分析原因主要是没有考虑处理器执行代码需消耗时间,增加计算误差,于是提出在改进M/T测速法中对高频时钟脉冲分频方法,有利于提高测速精度和改善速度调节器的稳定性。改进的方法在带负载的真实实物系统中提高了测速精度,为整个交流电机调速系统的实现提供了保障。     

基于CPLD的超声实时控制系统

本文介绍了基于厚度测速法和TIRP法的超声测速原理,在深入分析TIRP法测速原理的基础上,用CPLD实现时间的测量,不但速度快、测量精度高,而且整个模块接口简单、操作灵活,完全可以满足工程中声速扫描应用的实时要求.     

提高互相关测速精度的数学处理方法研究

互相关技术在比较理想的环境下速度测量精度很高,但在实际实验中,影响因素很多而且复杂,不同实验中各因素的影响程度也不同,实验测量结果本身也带有统计分析的特征。为了提高测量结果的准确性和可信度,必须对产生误差的各种原因进行分析,对误差进行估算。对于复杂的气泡运动现象来说,速度测量结果的实验误差分析尤为重要。文中详细分析了互相关测速的各种误差源,探讨了相应的解决方法,并提出了一种针对互相关测速误差的综合分析及其相应处理手段。     

基于单目视觉测量运动物体速度的研究

为了实时准确地测出运动物体的速度,提出了一种基于单目视觉测量运动物体速度的方法。该方法采用便携式摄像机对运动小球进行视频采集,以VS2010平台下的开源库OpenCV为开发平台,利用帧差法对运动目标进行检测。所设计的测速算法能够实现对运动小球的水平速度和垂直速度的检测。实验证明,所提测速方法能有效地测出运动物体的速度,且准确度比较高。     

模拟原动系统M/T法测速实现及应用

转速可靠测量与精确控制是模拟原动系统设计中的一个重要环节,关系到整个系统的稳态误差和动态响应性能.根据M/T法测速的基本原理,提出了一种模拟原动系统中基于DSP的电气转速测量的M/T法实现方式,介绍了基本硬件组成及软件流程.该方法通过DSP的捕获功能,确保测速的计时和码盘脉冲计数的同步,提高了速度反馈精确度,并使系统具有良好的动态性能和鲁棒性.实验表明,该方案准确可靠,提高了系统的响应时间且适用的测速范围大.     

提高相关测速中亚时间采样间隔精度的数学处理方法

该文首先针对相关分析技术测量速度的误差来源进行了分析 ,指出测量误差主要源于采样离散化所引入的误差 ;为了减小测量误差 ,应该对直接计算得到的离散的互相关函数进行进一步处理。利用计算机模拟了穿越两相流光束的透射信号 ,计算了两相流仿真信号的速度 ,并分别给出了未予修正以及采用插值法和最小二乘拟合对互相关函数修正的仿真结果 ;分析表明 ,最小二乘拟合是比较好的修正方法 ,该结论还可以进一步推广到PIV及DPIV测速技术中。最后利用直流电机产生的已知速度场对该文提出的修正方法进行了实验验证。     

高速运动物体制动全过程测量

介绍了一种基于激光光幕测速原理的新型测速系统,利用固联在运动物体上的参考齿形挡光板、一对激光发射/接收装置和大缓冲容量、大动态范围的高速计数电路,在制动行程内,实现运动物体从较高初速至准静态的全过程速度测量.介绍了测速系统的工作原理和硬件设计,并进行了误差分析.现场试验的结果证明该方法能对准静态速度至65 m/s的速度范围进行准确测量.在齿形板齿间距3mm情况下最高速段能保证200个测量脉冲,测时误差最大为0.125 μs.高速段测速误差在0.833%以内,低速段误差在0.334%以内.     

时栅角位移传感器误差分离与建模方法研究

为实现时栅角位移传感器的误差分离,进而对其误差进行修正,提高时栅角位移传感器的测量精度,采用多路信号叠加原理,针对时栅角位移传感器的定子和转子在加工过程中存在的误差进行分离,消除了大部分的长周期误差,并对分离出来的误差成分进行谐波分析,建立误差修正模型,利用该模型对时栅角位移传感器的定子和转子的线槽分度误差进行修正,修正后的场式时栅角位移传感器的测量精度显著提高,精度优于±2"。实验证明,这种误差分离的方法对消除圆周分度误差十分有效,所建立的误差修正模型对传感器误差修正效果明显。     

一种膛内多普勒测速修正方法

针对复杂电磁环境下膛内测速的重复性和精度低的问题,提出了一种非接触式膛内高精度测速方法,该方法在对膛内多普勒信号进行提取并去噪的基础上,利用S变换时频分析对预处理后的信号进行处理,然后采用谱峰搜索的方法来获得信号的瞬时频率,用能量重心校正法来提高结果精确度,最后根据多普勒原理,完成速度的测量;实验部分采用模拟信号和实际信号两种方式来验证该方法的可实施性;结果表明,该方法测速精度能够达到0.043 2%,相对于极值法和STFT法具有更小的误差。     

多普勒信号的Burg算法优化研究

随着高速列车的发展,测速精度高的多普勒测速方式被广泛应用。其将多普勒信号看作广义平稳随机信号,利用功率谱估计方法进行信号处理。针对现代谱估计中Burg算法基本原理分析其误差来源。分析了两种优化算法,一种是基于窗函数的优化算法,另一种针对改进的协方差法实现了基于预测误差功率最小意义的优化算法。通过仿真对比原算法与两种优化算法的频谱估计性能,分析算法复杂度,选择模型最优参数,并验证了在列车测速范围内不同频段的适用性。结果表明,优化算法在不增加运行时间的基础上可降低频谱偏移程度、改善频谱分辨率,可识别出列车测速范围内各个频段频率,并且谱估计频率误差小于1%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。