超低温轧制纳米孪晶Cu-Zn-Si合金的退火行为

在超低温(液氮浸泡)下经多道次轧制制备了纳米孪晶Cu-Zn-Si合金,分析了轧制温度对Cu-Zn-Si合金力学性能和退火行为的影响。结果表明:合金在超低温轧制过程中形成大量厚度约为10 nm的超细孪晶,促进其硬度和强度提高;对超低温轧制的合金退火,更易于诱发再结晶、提高再结晶形核率;利用超低温轧制产生的纳米孪晶界和退火形成的亚微米晶粒,能使合金兼具优异的强度和塑性;经90%超低温轧制和280℃/5 h退火处理后,合金的抗拉强度达787 MPa,延伸率为14.3%。     

AZ31镁合金再结晶退火的准原位EBSD研究

对AZ31镁合金热挤压板进行室温轧制(形变量为8%)后,利用背散射衍射技术原位(in-situ EBSD)观测了轧制试样中不同类型的孪晶组织在再结晶退火过程中的取向演变。结果表明:退火过程中拉伸孪晶区域形成尺寸相对粗大的再结晶新晶粒,再结晶晶粒取向与拉伸孪晶的取向较为接近;压缩孪晶/双孪晶区域形成了细小的再结晶晶粒,再结晶晶粒偏离基面取向。孪晶再结晶显著影响镁合金在退火过程中的织构演变,轧制样品中,拉伸孪晶再结晶使得基面织构强度增强,压缩孪晶再结晶则可以在一定程度上弱化镁合金的基面织构。     

退火温度对(Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10)97Al3高熵合金再结晶行为及力学性能的影响

以双相亚稳Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10高熵合金为基体，通过添加Al元素，制备了(Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10)97Al3高熵合金。对其进行轧制及退火处理，研究了退火温度对合金再结晶行为、退火孪晶演变及力学性能的影响。结果显示，随着退火温度的升高，合金组织分别发生了部分再结晶、完全再结晶和晶粒长大现象。由于高熵合金具有严重的晶格畸变效应及迟滞扩散效应，使得合金在退火后表现出较高的再结晶温度（0.59 Tm）和抗晶粒粗化温度（700 ℃）。600～700 ℃退火态合金中形成大量退火孪晶，随着退火温度的进一步升高（800～900 ℃），由于晶界/孪晶界的迁移，退火孪晶界密度显著降低。拉伸试验结果表明，700 ℃退火态合金表现出良好的综合力学性能，抗拉强度为730 MPa，均匀延伸率为50.5%。同一退火温度下，单个晶粒中退火孪晶变体的数量与其晶粒尺寸有关，尺寸较小的晶粒中易形成单孪晶变体，尺寸较大的晶粒中易形成多孪晶变体。     

针状Ti-55511合金热变形及后续退火过程中组织演变及其力学性能研究

对针状Ti–55511近β钛合金进行750 °C热轧和600 °C/1h退火,研究合金在热轧及退火中组织演变及力学性能。结果表明,热轧时,针片α相将发生动态再结晶（DRX）,与β相的Burgers取向关系（Burgers orientation relationship）发生破坏,进而形成细小的等轴α相,使合金强度及塑性提高。后续退火过程中,α相通过静态再结晶（SRX）进一步发生球化和长大,次生α相析出,β相发生再结晶,合金的强度提高,塑性降低。在变形初期,针片α相内产生两种孪晶变体（交叉状孪晶）,随着α相球化程度增加`,α相内将产生三种孪晶变体（针织状孪晶）。在后续退火过程中,这些孪晶将逐渐缩短,进而分解消失,表现在退火样品中α晶粒内存在纳米级孪晶（孪晶缩短）与层错（孪晶分解）。     

变形与退火对ZA31镁合金组织与性能的影响

研究了ZA31镁合金挤压和轧制变形,分析了挤压比、挤压温度及轧制退火温度对合金组织性能的影响。结果表明,挤压后合金发生了动态再结晶;在挤压比16∶1和挤压温度250、300℃时,动态再结晶程度增加,晶粒显著细化;随挤压温度增加,强度和塑性先增加后减小,在300℃时达到最大值。在挤压比36∶1和挤压温度300℃时,合金动态再结晶程度增加,但晶粒尺寸不均匀,强度和塑性的提高幅度并不明显。轧制态ZA31镁合金晶内出现了大量的形变孪晶;在退火过程中,225℃以下合金发生回复,225~280℃发生静态再结晶。随退火温度提高,合金的强度下降。     

针状Ti-55511合金热变形及后续退火过程中组织演变及其力学性能

对针状Ti-55511近β钛合金进行750℃热轧和600℃/1 h退火,研究合金在热轧及退火中组织演变及力学性能。结果表明,热轧时,针片α相将发生动态再结晶(DRX),与β相的Burgers取向关系(Burgers orientation relationship)发生破坏,进而形成细小的等轴α相,使合金强度及塑性提高。后续退火过程中,α相通过静态再结晶(SRX)进一步发生球化和长大,次生α相析出,β相发生再结晶,合金的强度提高,塑性降低。在变形初期,针片α相内产生2种孪晶变体(交叉状孪晶),随着α相球化程度增加`,α相内将产生3种孪晶变体(针织状孪晶)。在后续退火过程中,这些孪晶将逐渐缩短,进而分解消失,表现在退火样品中α晶粒内存在纳米级孪晶(孪晶缩短)与层错(孪晶分解)。     

衬板轧制动漫设计用AZ61合金的组织与性能研究

采用单道次双衬板轧制和传统3道次轧制法对动漫设计用AZ61合金进行了280~400℃的轧制处理。研究了轧制变形温度对变形态和退火态AZ61合金组织与性能的影响,分析了双衬板轧制AZ61合金的作用机理。结果表明,常规3道次轧制变形态AZ61合金在轧制温度为280~400℃时都出现了孪晶组织,但是并未发现混晶组织的存在,而单道次双衬板轧制变形态AZ61合金仅在280℃时有孪晶组织;280、400℃双衬板轧制得到的AZ61合金有相较于340℃双衬板轧制更大程度的再结晶;相对于变形态AZ61合金,退火态AZ61合金中的小角度晶界比例减小而大角度晶界比例有所增加;340℃/60%压下量的单道次双衬板轧制AZ61合金具有混晶组织,且细晶内弥散分布着类球形纳米级第二相,可获得最佳的强度和塑性结合。     

热轧Mg-1Zn和Mg-1Y合金退火组织演变及静态再结晶行为

对比研究了高温轧制制备的Mg-1.02Zn及Mg-0.76Y(质量分数,%)合金在不同温度退火条件下的组织演变及静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学行为.结果表明,Mg-1Zn合金的轧制组织以剪切带和孪晶为主,在剪切带和孪晶内伴随着动态再结晶;而Mg-1Y合金的轧制组织中只有孪晶,未观察到剪切带和再结晶发生.退火过程中,Mg-1Zn合金静态再结晶过程主要受控于形核过程,而Mg-1Y合金则既受控于形核过程又受控于长大过程.利用经典的JMAK模型和长大模型分别描述了2种合金热轧制后的静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学过程,结果表明,静态再结晶过程的Avrami因子n值与理想预测值偏离可能来自于再结晶的不均匀形核.固溶稀土Y原子比Zn原子对晶界移动的拖曳作用更强,导致Mg-1Y合金比Mg-1Zn合金晶粒长大因子n’更高.     

退火对液氮轧制CrCoNi中熵合金组织与性能的影响

针对CrCoNi中熵合金具有优异的液氮性能,但其液氮轧制后塑性较差（<8%）所带来的难加工问题,以电弧熔炼铸态CrCoNi中熵合金为研究对象,在液氮（77 K）下对CrCoNi合金进行3道次轧制变形,总变形量为50%。随后,在650、700、800℃下保温30min进行退火。结果表明,CrCoNi中熵合金经过液氮轧制及随后退火,未发生物相结构改变。退火后,变形晶粒发生再结晶而细化,并产生∑3退火孪晶。随退火温度的升高,再结晶程度增加,延伸率提高。通过液氮轧制与中温短时间退火进行性能调控,可获得强度与韧性匹配的性能,并提高了热处理工艺效率。     

轧制工艺对Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr铸态合金经525℃、16 h均匀化退火后,在500℃轧制成总变形量为84%的板材,轧制后在200℃进行时效处理。观察合金的微观组织变化,并测试合金的力学性能。结果表明:轧制变形明显细化了晶粒尺寸,轧制后组织中存在方块相和长条状相;轧制初期组织中存在大量孪晶,孪晶能很好地协调塑性变形,并诱发了孪生动态再结晶;随着轧制变形量的增大,孪晶数量减少,再结晶方式以晶界弓出形核为主。轧制T5态合金具有优异的高温力学性能,200、250、300和350℃时抗拉强度分别为392、381、251和112 MPa,350℃拉伸时伸长率达到107.0%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.