基于角膜反射的非侵入式视线跟踪技术

针对现有的视线跟踪技术设备复杂、对姿势限制过多、要头部佩戴专用设备等方面的不足,提出一种实现视线跟踪技术的新方法,采用5个近红外光灯作为角膜反射的光源。该方法不需要带任何头戴设备,并且能适应头部的自然运动,设计的算法计算出来的视线位置精度较高。提出一种新的瞳孔边缘拟合方案,循环拟合剔除假点,最终得到精确的瞳孔中心,提高了映射的精度。利用图像的灰度进行人眼的初定位,快速而准确。利用交比不变原理进行坐标映射,精确计算出注视坐标。     

瞄准器的眼跟踪算法研究

利用基于图像处理技术的视线方向识剐和跟踪方法,采用Hough变换检测圆心算法求得瞳孔中心位置来确定视线方向,推导出眼球转动的水平,垂直角度,实现眼视线方向跟踪.该技术应用于头盔瞄准器,扩大其观察目标和瞄准目标的视野范围,提高战斗机的反应和攻击速度.     

一种基于立体视觉的视线估计方法

针对现有视线估计方法存在的主要问题:限制使用者头部运动和个体标定问题,本文提出一种基于立体视觉的视线估计方法.建立了一种双相机双光源条件下计算眼睛光轴的five-spot模型,本模型估计眼球光轴三维方向只需要一次直线求交运算.以此为基础形成一种新的视线估计方法,本方法实现了自然头动视线估计,并且简化用户标定为单点标定.该方法的各个环节都满足实时性要求,为面向人机交互的视线追踪系统提供了有效的解决方案.     

结构光场光束直线跟踪的两步标定方法

为了实现结构光系统的三维重建,针对传统标定方 法结构复杂、标定过程繁琐等问题,提出一种基于光束直线跟踪 的两步标定方法。本文方法首先在前后两个平面上分别对投射侧模式上的每个检测点进行 标定,建立投射侧光线方程;然后在 前后两个平面上分别对平面上的每个目标点建立接收侧CCD的光线方程。在三维测量时,光 场中的一个点分别映射为投射 侧和接收侧前后平面上的两个点,连接前后平面上的两个点各得到一条空间直线,通过求解 两条空间直线的交点即可求得三 维空间点的坐标。分析了系统结构在标定时可能产生的误差,系统误差主要来自角度偏移和 水平偏移,并提出了误差解决方 案。实验结果表明,与传统的基于针孔模型的标定方法相比,本文方法无须考虑系统的成像 模型及其参数求解,简洁、高效。标定产生的景深相对误差小于0.2% ,能够改善结构光系统的几何标定精度。     

基于改进轮廓跟踪的瞳孔快速检测

提出一种基于直方图二值化和改进的轮廓跟踪的瞳孔检测方法。首先对采集的瞳孔图像计算直方图,根据直方图特征取出合适的阈值进行二值化,再对二值化后的图像进行轮廓跟踪,得到精确的轮廓边界,进而得到直径、中心等信息。对前一帧瞳孔图像进行瞳孔信息计算后,后一帧图像以该瞳孔中心为中心,缩小检测区域进行直方图二值化及瞳孔轮廓跟踪,得到该帧图像的瞳孔信息,减少运算,加快检测速率。该算法鲁棒性高,速度快,可满足300帧/s的实时检测速度。     

基于iGPS定位跟踪的三维形貌测量系统标定方法

基于iGPS定位跟踪的三维形貌测量系统,建立了测量系统的数学模型,介绍了传统手眼标定技术的主要原理,使用激光跟踪仪建立了系统转换关系。提出了一种融合特征点拟合的标定方法,利用特征点约束和基于罗德里格矩阵的算法得到了转换关系。对标定后的系统进行了基于机器人基坐标系和iGPS世界坐标系的点云拼接对比实验,实验结果表明,融合特征点拟合的标定方法提高了点云拼接的精度。     

一种基于区域投影的人眼精确定位方法

针对传统灰度投影方法抗干扰能力较差的弱点,提出了一种基于区域投影的人眼精确定位方法.考虑到投影过程中的二维特性,在水平和垂直方向将眼睛图像分成不相重叠的区域,分别将各区域内的灰度值投影获得瞳孔的候选区域并将其扩展获得瞳孔窗口,利用灰度特性通过边界跟踪的方法实现了对瞳孔中心的精确定位.给出了人眼定位精确度判定准则,采用C...     

一种多视角跟踪系统中的自行标定方法

多视角的标定和自标定是多视角系统部署和应用中的重要限制环节.文章针对基于单应关系的多视角跟踪应用场景,提出了一种使用跟踪结果本身进行视角几何关系标定的方法,避免了预先标定环节,可以配合现有的各种跟踪算法.理论分析和仿真实验表明,此方法具有高效率、高可靠性、易于实施的特点.     

红外辐射测量系统外场标定方法及飞行目标亮度反演方法

对于外场红外辐射特性测量设备,标定建立了输出灰度和输入能量之间的对应关系。通过构建中心红外系统外场标定体系,分析了直接扩展源标定、间接扩展源标定、小面元黑体近距离成像标定的能量传递过程、标定试验过程以及3种标定方法得到的系统响应度和系统底灰度的物理含义,指出了它们的相同和不同之处,进行了一致性分析。给出了采用标定数据计算飞行目标亮度的方法并提出了中距离外场红外辐射测量实验方法,对大气透过率软件和标定方法进行验证。     

基于虹膜参数提取的人眼注视方向识别算法

为了获得高精度的视线估算,提出了基于人眼虹膜参数提取和神经网络方法的视线方向估箅方法.首先利用中心投影成像,给出视线方向的初步估计;然后引入描述眼球运动的平动向量和转动向量,并利用人工神经网络对平动和转动引起的视线估算误差进行修正,有效地提高了人眼视线方向判断的精度.实验表明,测试样本组的视线估算精度达到了0.8°,明...     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.