中国微藻生物柴油产业的发展机遇和挑战

介绍了国内外研发微藻生物柴油的动态,预见用工业装置生产微藻生物柴油的技术近几年内将取得重大突破,微藻生物柴油产业将成为一个新兴的替代能源产业.我国微藻生物柴油产业化研究和国际水平基本同步,是一个全新的自主创新领域,提出应抓住微藻生物柴油产业的发展机遇.对工业化生产微藻生物柴油的光生物反应器设计技术、微藻培养控制系统、配...     

微藻制备生物柴油的研究进展

总结了国内外利用微藻制备生物柴油的研究进展,首先分析了微藻自身的概况,以微藻为原料生产的生物柴油是真正的环保可再生能源;其次对微藻制备生物柴油的现状做了进一步阐述,藻类生物柴油的生产技术仍不成熟,需要进一步的深入研究;最后归纳了微藻生物柴油存在的问题,并对其今后的研究重点及前景做出了展望。     

湿法微藻生物柴油研究进展

随着化石燃料的消耗和环保要求的日益严苛,生物基替代是能源未来发展的重要趋势。微藻具有易栽培、产量大、适应性好等优点,是一种可再生资源,可用于生产生物柴油。然而,高成本的湿微藻脱水及干燥限制了微藻生物柴油的规模化生产,由微藻湿法制备生物柴油是推动生物柴油产业发展的重要途径。综述了湿法微藻生物柴油的生产工艺以及规模化应用存在的主要问题,并分析了未来发展方向。     

微藻制备生物柴油及其案例经济性分析

微藻生物柴油作为一种新型生物质能源,受到广泛关注。本文简述了微藻制备生物柴油研究发展概况,通过一个案例分析了微藻制备生物柴油的经济性,指出了现今微藻生物柴油的发展瓶颈,为未来微藻生物柴油的发展方向提出了建议。     

中国石化集团新能源研发应用与发展

正中国石化积极利用生物质液体燃料来部分替代化石能源,既可得到所需要的交通运输燃料等能源产品,又能实现对自然环境的CO2零排放。在生物质液体燃料方面,我们已涉足燃料乙醇、生物柴油,并开始了纤维素乙醇技术、微藻生物柴油技术和生物航煤技术等的研发。成功开发SRCA法生物柴油生产技术并完成工业化试验;已与中国科学院在新能源领域开展合作,共同研发微藻生物柴油成套技术;与空中客车公司、东方航空公司开展生物航煤应用     

用于生物柴油生产的微藻培养技术研究进展

温室气体的排放及石化燃料的枯竭,使得人们对可再生燃料的兴趣日益浓厚。生物柴油作为一种良好的可再生能源受到广泛关注。微藻具有生长周期短、含油量高、易培养及环境友好等诸多优势,作为生物柴油的原料具有广阔的发展前景。而微藻培养是微藻生物柴油制备工艺的重要环节,对制备成本及其规模化生产具有重要意义。综述了微藻的培养方法及其大规模培养系统,并介绍了微藻培养与废气、废水处理的联合培养技术,展望了微藻培养今后的发展方向。     

微藻制备生物柴油技术综述

随着化石燃料的日益枯竭,生物柴油作为一种可再生的生物能源,其制备方法成为了各国研究开发的重点,藻类生物质则是生产生物柴油的优良原料。综述了制备微藻生物柴油的研究进程,着重阐述了酸催化法、碱催化法、酶催化法以及超临界法等国内外微藻制备生物柴油几种技术,并对其今后的研究重点进行了总结和展望。     

提高微藻油脂产率的研究

生物柴油由于其燃烧性高、无污染、可再生等特点,是传统化石燃料理想的替代能源,作为生物柴油的原料,微藻注定成为新的研究热点。目前,对于微藻生产生物柴油的各项研究也都提上日程,结合国内外各项研究进展,本文综述了提高微藻油脂产率的几种途径,如改良发酵条件和基因工程方法提高微藻油脂含量。如果能在提高油脂产率和降低成本上有所突破,将在新的研究领域上领先一大步。     

微藻制备生物柴油的技术进展

生物柴油是一种新型的可再生能源,是石化柴油的替代品。微藻种类多、光合作用效率高、生长速度快、生物产量大、含油量高,已成为发展生物柴油产业的最有潜力的原料之一。综述了微藻制备生物柴油的优点及研究进展。针对目前微藻生物柴油存在的瓶颈问题和实际需求,指出未来研究和发展的主要方向。     

利用微藻生产生物柴油的研究进展

介绍了利用微藻生产生物柴油的优势及技术进展,对利用微藻生产生物柴油的经济性和可行性进行了分析和探讨,并指出了可以提高微藻柴油可行性的方法.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.