Efficient scheduled stabilizing output feedback model predictive control for constrained nonlinear systems

In this note, we present a computationally efficient scheduled output feedback model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for constrained nonlinear systems with large operating regions. We design a set of local output feedback predictive controllers with their estimated regions of stability covering the desired operating region, and implement them as a single scheduled output feedback MPC which on-line switches between the set of local controllers and achieves nonlinear transitions with guaranteed stability. The algorithm is illustrated with a highly nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor process.     

A framework for design of scheduled output feedback model predictive control

We present a stabilizing scheduled output feedback Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm for constrained nonlinear systems with large operating regions. We design a set of local output feedback predictive controllers with their estimated regions of stability covering the desired operating region, and implement them as a single scheduled output feedback MPC which on-line switches between the set of local controllers and achieves nonlinear transitions with guaranteed stability. This algorithm provides a general framework for scheduled output feedback MPC design.     

动态输出反馈鲁棒模型预测控制离线算法

研究具有多包不确定性和有界噪声系统的动态输出反馈鲁棒模型预测控制(Robust model predictive control, RMPC)的离线方法. 先前的在线方法中, 在估计状态和估计误差集合已知的情况下, 在每一采样时刻通过近似最优算法求解控制器参数. 本文采用先前的方法计算离线控制器参数和吸引域. 首先, 选定一系列估计状态, 其中,每个估计状态对应同样一组嵌套的估计误差集合. 然后,针对每一估计状态和每一估计误差集合的组合,离线计算唯一的控制器参数和对应的吸引域. 这些控制器参数和对应的吸引域存储在表中. 如果离线确定的吸引域包含实时的扩展状态, 则该离线控制器参数是实时可行的. 在线时, 根据实时估计状态和选取实时估计误差集合, 在表中搜索包含实时扩展状态且优化性能指标最小的吸引域所对应的控制器参数. 通过连续搅拌釜式反应器控制系统验证了该方法的有效性.     

Mixed H2/H∞ robust model predictive control with saturated inputs

In this paper, we investigate the mixed H₂/H_∞ robust model predictive control (RMPC) for polytopic uncertain systems, which refers to the infinite horizon optimal guaranteed cost control (OGCC). To fully use the capability of actuators, we adopt a saturating feedback control law as the control strategy of RMPC. As the saturating feedback control law can be effectively represented by the convex hull of a group of auxiliary linear feedback laws, the auxiliary feedback laws allow us to design the actual feedback control law without consideration of the input constraints directly to achieve the improved performance. Moreover, we suggest the relative weights on the actual and auxiliary feedback laws to the RMPC, which in turn improves the closed-loop system performance. Furthermore, an off-line design of the proposed RMPC is also developed to make it more practical. Numerical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

非线性系统有输入饱和时基于平方和的鲁棒模型预测控制器

本文针对带有参数不确定和输入饱和的单输入单输出(SISO)仿射非线性系统,利用反馈线性化,将非线性系统转化为带有扰动和状态依赖输入饱和的多胞线性参变(LPV)模型,进而提出一种基于平方和(SOS)的鲁棒模型预测控制器(RMPC)设计方法.基于多胞RMPC控制器,设计加权状态反馈控制律,通过引入范数有界定理,确保扰动下预测状态收敛到不变集内,并利用勒让德多项式近似和SOS技术,将状态依赖输入饱和约束转化为多项式凸优化问题,以获得实际和辅助状态反馈律,所设计的SOS-RMPC控制器能够保证闭环系统的稳定性.通过与常规多胞RMPC控制器的仿真比较,验证了本方法的有效性,并进一步仿真分析了勒让德多项式阶次对控制器性能的影响.     

一类离散不确定系统的Tube不变集离线鲁棒模型预测控制

针对一类输入和状态受限的离散线性不确定系统,提出了一种基于Tube不变集的离线鲁棒模型预测控制方法.首先针对输入和状态约束线性时不变标准系统,设计了改进的基于多面体不变集的离线模型预测控制算法,并证明了稳定性.其次对于存在未知有界干扰的实际不确定系统,引入了Tube不变集策略,通过设计对应标准模型的最优控制序列和状态轨迹,给出了实际不确定系统的离线Tube不变集控制策略,保证系统状态鲁棒渐近稳定,并收敛于终端干扰不变集.仿真结果验证了该控制方法的有效性.     

基于多LPV 模型的调度离线鲁棒预测控制

针对一类具有大工作区域和快时变特性的约束非线性系统, 采用多个线性参数时变(LPV) 模型近似描述原非线性系统. 对于各LPV 模型, 设计基于参数独立Lyapunov 函数的局部离线预测控制器. 构造各局部控制器间的切换策略, 在保证切换稳定性的同时, 使相互重叠的稳定域覆盖期望的工作区域. 仿真结果表明, 相比于已有的调度预测控制方法, 所提出的方法不仅能够保证控制输入在给定的约束范围内, 而且在局部控制器切换次数少的情况下, 获得良好的控制性能.

     

Robust model predictive control with guaranteed setpoint tracking

In this paper a novel robust model predictive control (RMPC) algorithm is proposed, which is guaranteed to stabilize any linear time-varying system in a given convex uncertainty region while respecting state and input constraints. Moreover, unlike most existing RMPC algorithms, the proposed algorithm is guaranteed to remove steady-state offset in the controlled variables for setpoints (possibly) different from the origin when the system is unknown linear time-invariant. The controller uses a dual-mode paradigm (linear control law plus free control moves to reach an appropriate invariant region), and the key step is the design of a robust linear state feedback controller with integral action and the construction of an appropriate polyhedral invariant region in which this controller is guaranteed to satisfy the process constraints. The proposed algorithm is efficient since the on-line implementation only requires one to solve a convex quadratic program with a number of decision variables that scale linearly with the control horizon. The main features of the new control algorithm are illustrated through an example of the temperature control of an open-loop unstable continuous stirred tank reactor.     

Improved dynamic output feedback RMPC for linear uncertain systems with input constraints

In this work, we propose a dynamic output feedback robust model predictive control (RMPC) design method for linear uncertain systems with input constraints. In order to handle the input constraints, the control signals are permitted to saturate, which can fully utilize the capability of actuators and thus can reduce the conservatism. For the unavailable states, an ellipsoidal set is used to obtain an estimation, and it is updated at every time instant. A modified RMPC design requirement is used to ensure the recursive feasibility of the optimization problem. Then, the design method is formulated in terms of a convex optimization problem with linear matrix inequality constraints. The proposed output feedback RMPC design method is expected to further reduce the conservativeness. The improvements of the proposed algorithm over the other existing techniques is demonstrated by an example. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust feedback model predictive control of constrained uncertain systems

We propose a novel procedure for the solution to the problem of robust model predictive control (RMPC) of linear discrete time systems involving bounded disturbances and model-uncertainties along with hard constraints on the input and state. The RMPC (outer) controller – responsible for steering the uncertain system state to a designed invariant (terminal) set – has a mixed structure consisting of a state-feedback component as well as a control-perturbation. Both components are explicitly considered as decision variables in the online optimization and the nonlinearities commonly associated with such a state-feedback parameterization are avoided by adopting a sequential approach in the formulation. The RMPC controller minimizes an upper bound on an H₂/H_∞-based cost function. Moreover, the proposed algorithm does not require any offline calculation of (feasible) feedback gains for the computation of the RMPC controller. The optimal Robust Positively invariant set and the inner controller – responsible for keeping the state within the invariant set – are both computed in one step as solutions to an LMI optimization problem. We also provide conditions which guarantee the Lyapunov stability of the closed-loop system. Numerical examples, taken from the literature, demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheme.     

多胞约束LPV系统多面体不变集RMPC算法

针对一类输入和输出受约束且具有多胞结构的离散LPV 系统, 提出一种基于多面体不变集的鲁棒模型预测控制(RMPC) 算法. 选取一系列收敛于原点的离散状态点, 计算每个状态的反馈控制率, 构建相应的多面体不变集. 在每一个采样时刻, 确定包含当前状态的最小多面体不变集, 通过计算与相邻两个多面体不变集的位置关系, 执行连续的状态反馈控制率. 仿真结果表明, 相比椭圆不变集离线RMPC算法, 所提出算法扩大了系统的稳定区域, 取得了保守性较小的结果.

     

基于多步控制策略的混合H2/H∞鲁棒预测控制器设计

针对具有外界扰动的线性定常(Linear time invariant, LTI)系统, 本文研究了其鲁棒预测控制器(Robust model predictive control, RMPC)的设计方法. 设计采用了混合的H2/H∞控制方法以有效地兼顾系统的抗干扰能力和闭环控制性能. 同时, 为了降低设计的保守性, 设计利用闭环多步控制策略以扩大控制器的可行范围, 改善系统控制性能. 进而, 为了便于实际实施, 提出该RMPC的简化设计, 通过将大部分在线计算量离线完成以降低鲁 棒预测控制器的在线计算量.     

基于容许集的多胞不确定系统三模RMPC

针对输入和状态受约束的多胞不确定线性系统,提出了基于容许集的扩大吸引域三模鲁棒模型预测控制方法.在多面体不变集离线模型预测控制算法的基础上引入容许集,以多面体不变集序列的并集作为模态1,基于N步容许集的控制容许集作为模态2,并利用离线设计和在线优化的控制策略,设计了三模变终端约束鲁棒模型预测控制算法,以实现系统渐近稳定.该算法不仅降低了在线运算量,而且扩大了吸引域.最后的仿真结果验证了所提出算法的有效性.     

Constrained model predictive control for time-varying delay systems: Application to an active car suspension

This study investigates the problem of robust model predictive control (RMPC) for active suspension systems with time-varying delays and input constraints. The uncertainty is of convex polytopic type. Based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method, sufficient stability conditions of the time-varying delays systems are derived by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) terms. At each time set, a feasible state feedback is obtained by minimizing an upper bound of the ‘worst-case’ quadratic objective function over an infinite horizon subject to constraints on inputs. Finally, a quarter-vehicle model is exploited to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Designing of non-fragile robust model predictive control for constrained uncertain systems and its application in process control

A non-fragile robust model predictive control (RMPC) is designed in the uncertain systems under bounded control signals. To this aim, a class of the nonlinear systems with additive uncertainty is considered in its general form. The RMPC synthesis could lead to the proper selection of the controller’s gains. Thus, the non-fragile RMPC design is translated into a minimization problem subjected to some constraints in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Hence, the controller’s gains are computed by solving such a minimization problem. In some numerical examples, the suggested non-fragile RMPC is compared with the other methods. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RMPC in comparison with similar techniques.     

一类具有非线性扰动的多重时滞不确定系统鲁棒预测控制

针对一类具有非线性扰动且同时存在多重状态和输入时滞的不确定系统, 提出 一种鲁棒预测控制器设计方法. 基于预测控制滚动优化原理, 运用Lyapunov稳定性 理论和线性矩阵不等式 (Linear matrix inequalities, LMIs)方法, 首先近似求解无限时域二次性能指标优化问题, 然后优化非 线性扰动项所应满足的最大上界, 定量地研究鲁棒预测控制在范数有界意义下的扰动抑制 问题, 并给出了鲁棒预测控制器存在的充分条件. 最后通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性.     

Efficient algorithms for online tracking of set points in robust model predictive control

This paper presents some computationally efficient algorithms for online tracking of set points in robust model predictive control context subject to state and input constraints. The nonlinear systems are represented by a linear model along with an additive nonlinear term which is locally Lipschitz. As an unstructured uncertainty, this term is replaced in the robust stability constraint by its Lipschitz coefficient. A scheduled control technique is employed to transfer the system to desired set points, given online, by designing local robust model predictive controllers. This scheme includes estimating the regions of feasibility and stability of the related equilibriums and online switching among the local controllers. The proposed optimisation problems for calculating the regions of feasibility and stability are defined as linear matrix inequalities that can be solved in polynomial time. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is illustrated by an example.     

Robust control of variable speed autonomous underwater vehicle

Set point tracking control of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) via robust model predictive control (RMPC) is considered. Input-constrained RMPC with integral action, which has been developed in our previous work, is used to control the AUV in this study. In order to derive a RMPC control rule, non-linear dynamics of AUV with six degree of freedom is linearized at certain operating points. So, horizontal and vertical plane dynamics of system are represented by linear models which have polytopic uncertainties. Since the derived control rule will be used in real time, the computation time should be reduced. To overcome this computational time problem and get rid of trial–error step of Algorithm 1, a new algorithm is proposed here. The simulations are carried out using the control rule based on this algorithm and these results are presented.     

ROBUST MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL FOR INPUT SATURATED AND SOFTENED STATE CONSTRAINTS

This paper starts with a brief review of robust model predictive control (RMPC) algorithsms for uncertain systems using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) subject to input and/or output saturated constraints. However when RMPC has both input and state constraints, a difficulty will arise due to the inability of the optimizer to satisfy the state constraints due to the constraints on inputs. Therefore, a novel RMPC scheme is presented that softens the state constraints as penalty terms are added to its objective function. These terms maintain state violation at low values until a constrained solution is returned. The state violation can be regulated by changing the value of the weighting factor. A novel robust predictive controller for input saturated and softened state constraints for linear time varying (LTV) systems with polytopic model uncertainties is presented.     

Tracking setpoint robust model predictive control for input saturated and softened state constraints

This paper starts with a brief review of robust model predictive control (RMPC) schemes for uncertain systems using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) subject to input saturated and softened state constraints. However when RMPC has both input and state constraints, difficulties will arise due to the inability to satisfy the state constraints. In this paper, we develop two new tracking setpoint RMPC schemes with common Lyapunov function and with zero terminal equality subject to input saturated and softened state constraints. A brief comparative simulation of the two new RMPC schemes is implemented via examples to demonstrate the ability of the new RMPC schemes.