低热值C2H4-AIR-N2预混气体在多孔介质内的燃烧特性研究

利用自行设计的多孔介质实验台,对C_2H_4-AIR-N_2预混气体在多孔介质燃烧器内的燃烧特性进行了实验研究,分析燃料当量比、预混气体流速以及N_2稀释比对预混气体的可燃极限、火焰传播方向、火焰温度分布以及污染物排放的影响。研究表明:随着稀释比的上升,预混气体的可燃极限范围缩小,火焰向上游传播的工况逐渐减少;燃烧器内最高火焰温度与当量比以及气体流速正相关,与稀释比负相关;CO的排放量随着稀释比的上升而增加,与当量比以及气体流速负相关;实验中的NO排放量小于20 mg/m~3。     

甲烷在过量焓燃烧器内的燃烧特性

设计了一个通道截面为7 mm x0.6 mm的等速螺线过量焓微燃烧器,并在其中完成了CH4/空气预混气的燃烧实验.通过数据采集系统得到了微燃烧器端面的温度分布,使用气相色谱法分析了烟气成分.实验结果表明,过量焓燃烧器能够通过逆流换热有效地实现热量回收,提高可燃预混气进入燃烧区前的温度,有利于微尺度火焰的稳定,并在较宽的空气过量系数范围内实现甲烷/空气预混气在燃烧器的中心稳定燃烧.当空气过量系数大于1时,甲烷可以实现完全燃烧;当空气过量系数小于1时,烟气中存在H2和CO,但无残留的甲烷.     

CH_4/空气预混稀燃临吹熄火焰结构研究

预混稀燃是最具有前景代替传统扩散燃烧的清洁燃烧方式之一.然而,高速流动的预混稀燃中常出现低当量比下火焰吹熄的情况.吹熄给燃烧过程带来了极大的不稳定性.旋流和钝体是实际燃烧中常用的稳焰方式.吹熄的机理研究大多基于钝体或旋流火焰进行,但同时加入两者稳焰时的吹熄研究尚且不足.本研究基于OH-PLIF技术,在旋流加钝体稳焰下,针对CH_4/空气预混稀燃临熄火条件下的火焰面结构进行了测量和表征.研究表明,临熄火过程中火焰根部抬升逐渐增加,火焰面密度减小,火焰趋向于向回流区聚集.结果表明,火焰根部局部熄火对吹熄过程可能有重要影响,同时验证了未燃气回流促进吹熄的结论.     

条缝式火孔预混燃烧稳定性的实验研究

条缝式火孔具有火孔面积大，适于大负荷民用燃气燃烧装置等特点。而预混燃烧方式可以有效降低污染物排放，但其调节范围小。因此，目前关于条缝式火孔燃气预混燃烧稳定范围的研究很少见，其应用也不普遍。本研究通过分析影响火焰稳定性的因素，确定了重点考察对象及实验方案。在宽度分别为D＝1．0，1．1，1．3，1．5mm的条缝火孔上，使用天然气及液化石油气进行实验研究。实验研究确定了两种燃气在各个火孔宽度上的回火极限，并得出了在各个火孔宽度上的离焰曲线。对实验结果及实验中发现的问题进行了分析。通过实验研究得出，条缝式火孔燃气预混燃烧的稳定范围及其应用前景。     

微细通道中甲烷与氧气的预混燃烧

对微细通道中甲烷/氧气预混火焰传播性质进行了实验研究．确定了微细通道中不同甲烷浓度下的火焰传播速度,以及混合气体流量与火焰传播速度的关系．结果表明,混合气体流量对火焰传播速度有显著的影响,在微细通道中火焰传播速度的分布趋势与宏观尺度下火焰传播速度的分布趋势基本相同,但在数值上随着流量的不同相差较大．实验证明,在室温条件下,甲烷和氧气预混火焰可以在细管中稳定停留在一点燃烧,并且可以很好地控制其移动;当量比为1．0时火焰传播速度受流量影响最大．     

甲烷-空气预混火焰稳定特性的实验研究

基于本生灯实验,测试分析了甲烷-空气预混火焰的稳定燃烧特性。试验研究了预混气体火焰闪回和吹熄极限随燃空当量比的变化关系。研究发现,甲烷-空气混合气体的闪回极限的最大值出现在接近化学当量比处,并且呈现出类似抛物线的变化规律;而火焰的吹熄极限随着当量比的增加而逐渐增大。试验通过采用13 mm和11 mm两种不同口径的本生灯,研究了本生灯孔径对甲烷-空气预混火焰的稳定燃烧区间的影响关系,实验证明,随着孔径的增大,闪回极限将会减小,而吹熄极限随之增大。通过实验获取这些参数,能够为设计和优化燃烧系统提供理论支撑。     

燃气锅炉污泥气化气体燃烧过程数值模拟

采用Ansys Fluent软件模拟了1个基础工况与8个对比工况下污泥气化气体在某燃气锅炉炉内的流动及燃烧过程.结果 表明:炉内气流旋转上升的同时剧烈燃烧;基础工况下底部喷口截面最高平均温度可达1200 K;改变空气和燃气入口速度对炉内燃烧温度以及氧气、二氧化碳体积分数有较大影响;增大燃气入口速度后,底部喷口截面平均温度达到1300 K,该区域平均氧气体积分数明显减小;污泥气化气体中可燃组分增大会使炉内燃烧反应加剧,燃气中一氧化碳体积分数增大到18％时,底部喷口截面平均温度达到1400 K,但对大部分炉膛高度下的平均氧气体积分数和平均二氧化碳体积分数的影响较小.     

燃气预混燃烧系统的优化设计与调试

系统地介绍了燃气全预混混合器的种类和预混燃烧系统的各种类型，重点叙述了用于玻璃棉成形用离心机加热系统和玻璃料料加热系统的燃气混燃烧系统的优化设计与调试情况，对预混燃烧技术进行了全面回顾，简要地分析了燃气预混燃烧技术的应用前景。     

旋流管状火焰燃烧器内低热值燃气的燃烧

考察了不同种类低热值燃气预混气在旋流管状火焰燃烧器中的燃烧特性,比较了稀释气种类、燃气热值和组分等对可燃极限、火焰温度分布、燃烧效率及污染物排放的影响.结果表明,惰性气体CO2替代N2使可燃极限变窄、燃烧效率降低,而用H2替代部分CH4则有利于稳燃并改善燃烧效率.对4种实际低热值燃气的燃烧测试结果表明,管状火焰燃烧器可以实现多种低热值燃气稳定、高效、低排放的燃烧.     

预混燃烧奥托循环指示热效率表达式

依据热力学基本定律推导了预混燃烧奥托循环指示热效率的表达式，分析表明：燃气等效热容及膨胀多变指数对热效率影响较大，并直接与进气温度、压缩比及过量空气系数相关；在压缩比受限时，降低进气温度尤其是增加过量空气系数对提高指示热效率效果显著。     

Combustion Synthesis of SiO2 on the Aluminum Plate

IntnductionThere are a number of teChniques Presently available for the synthesis of nanopwhcles of oxides and nonokides, includingDndcrowave plasma synthesis['1, plasmaarc synthesisly, and pyrolysis and condensation ofchemical Precursors in the flame at ambient pressureal].The aPProach of uhlizing combushon synthesis toproduce oalde POwders, such as SiO2, A12O3 and TiO2, isalso a quite modem technology['"]. The synthesizedpndcles can be edictly deposited to form a thin film onthe surfac…     

旋流预混燃烧室燃烧特性及排放特性的数值模拟研究

为了综合考察燃气轮机燃烧室在高稳定性、低排放以及燃料适应性等方面的新要求,基于旋流预混燃烧技术,通过三维数值模拟方法开展了甲烷/空气、丙烷/空气预混燃烧特性及排放特性研究。结果表明：在一定的预混气进气质量流量条件下,当量比增大易引发回火,燃烧温度更高,同时NO_x排放指数增大,增加预混气质量流量,可在一定程度上提高回/熄火极限;当量比固定,增加预混气进气质量流量可避免潜在的回火现象,且NO_x排放指数线性降低;旋流器的旋流数增大能形成强旋流,稳定火焰,降低NO_x排放指数,但过大的旋流强度会引发回火现象;相比于甲烷/空气预混燃烧,丙烷/空气预混燃烧温度偏高,NO_x排放指数较大,但回熄火边界更宽,对应更广阔的稳定燃烧区间。     

利用快速压缩装置进行直喷天然气发动机燃烧特性的研究

利用快速压缩装置开展了直喷天然气发动机燃烧特性的研究,分析了3种不同喷射方式下的燃烧特性并与均相混合气燃烧进行了对比。研究结果:上喷天然气燃烧比均相混合气燃烧的最大压力高,在宽广的当量比范围内具有短的火娄发展期和快速燃烧,克燃烧放热率和压力升高率基本上与喷射方式无关。喷射方式与均相混合气相比,燃烧放热率,压力升高率大。缩短喷油和点火间的时间间隔将缩短火焰发展期和快速燃烧期,其时间间隔的优化对直喷天然气发动机极为重要。直喷天然气发动机的燃烧方式为预混控制充量分层燃烧,此燃烧方式燃烧速率,排放低。     

Combustion characteristics of natural gas–hydrogen hybrid fuel turbulent diffusion flame

Combustion characteristics of natural gas – hydrogen hybrid fuel were investigated experimentally in a free jet turbulent diffusion flame flowing into a slow co-flowing air stream. Experiments were carried out at a constant jet exit Reynolds number of 4000 and with a wide range of NG–H₂ mixture concentrations, varied from 100%NG to 50%NG-50% H₂ by volume. The effect of hydrogen addition on flame stability, flame length, flame structure, exhaust species concentration and pollutant emissions was conducted. Results showed that, hydrogen addition sustains a progressive improvement in flame stability and reduction in flame length, especially for relatively high hydrogen concentrations. Hydrogen-enriched flames found to have a higher combustion temperatures and reactivity than natural gas flame. Also, it was found that hydrogen addition to natural gas is an ineffective strategy for NO and CO reduction in the studied range, while a significant reduction in the %CO₂ molar concentration by about 30% was achieved.     

Combustion synthesis of SiO2 on the aluminum plate

The approach of utilizing combustion synthesis to make fine particles of SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ is a quite modern technology. Through the chemical reaction in post-flame region, fine SiO₂ particles can be formed with high purity on plate surface. Therefore, the combustion synthesis of SiO₂ powders is an important area for further research and development, especially for the application of SiO₂ in the semiconductor industry. This investigation proposes an experimental approach (i.e., a gas-phase combustion synthesis) using two different kinds of organic compounds, Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSA) and Hexamethyldisioxane (HMDSO), as the silicon precursors. A premixed gas burner is chosen with C₃H₈ as fuel, air as oxidant and part of the air was used as the carrying gas to entrain HMDSA/HMDSO vapor into the combustible mixture. Observations show that the C₃H₈/air flame changed color from a pale-blue flame to light yellow and then orange when different amounts of precursors were introduced. Through the chemical reaction in the post-flame region, fine SiO₂ particles were formed in the gas phase and then quenched and collected on an aluminum flat plate. The objective of this paper is to study the effects of HMDSO and HMDSA concentrations and flame temperatures on the synthesis of SiO₂ particles.     

柴油机双燃料复合燃烧的最佳运行范围研究

通过在进气过程中加入容易汽化的燃料与空气形成一定浓度的预混合气进入燃烧室，利用压燃喷入的柴油形成着火源向整个燃烧室传播，以完成燃烧过程的部分预混双燃料燃烧模式可能是减少柴油机碳烟排放的有效措施。而在该燃烧方案中过低的预混浓度可因火焰无法传播到整个燃烧室而增加HC排放，在保持柴油机压缩比的条件下，过高的预混合气浓度可能使燃烧最高温度上升而对NOx排放不利，甚至在柴油喷入前压燃预混合气而发生爆震。燃烧模式的改变对CO排放水平的影响也可能不利；因此，确定双燃料的最佳运行范围是建立双燃料过程控制的基础，介绍了以液化气和柴油形成双燃料系统时的最佳运行范围的初步研究结果。     

Effect of the Structure Parameters of a Low Swirler on Premixed Characteristics

Combustion with lean premixed and low swirl is an effective way of flame organization.It can improve the flame stability and reduce NOX emission.In this kind of combustion,one of the most important issues is fuel/air premixed characteristics.How the structure parameters influence that issue is figured out through numerical simulation.The structure parameters concerned in the study are as follows.They are shape of blades,number of blades,location and shape of gas jet.The influences of them are analysed with comprehensive consideration of many aspects.With the same light shading rate and stagger angle,the axial swirler with curved blades has worse premixed uniformity and lower pressure loss than the one with straight blades.With the same structure of each blade,the decrease of the quantity of blades does influence the pressure loss,while the quantity of gas jets changes correspondingly.But it has little effect on premixed uniformity in a certain range.However,more blades make contribution to better premixed performance.When the total flow area is the same,the axial and circumferential positions of the fuel jets also greatly influence the premixing process.When the fuel jets are upstream the blades and locate at middle of the vanes,the premixing performance is the best.Meanwhile,the jet direction of the fuel jets is a very important influencing factor of the premixing process.When the fuel jet direction is oblique downward at an angle of 30°to the horizontal,the premixing effect is better than the horizontal outflow,which is better than the oblique upward structure.     

零碳燃料对燃气锅炉燃烧过程调控作用

利用小型化模拟炉膛开展了零碳燃料氢气对燃气锅炉燃烧过程调控作用实验研究,研究了掺氢比对炉膛内部预混火焰宏观形态、炉膛温度均匀性、炉膛污染物排放规律的影响,并总结了CO及NO_x的排放规律。实验结果表明：随着预混当量比增加,纯甲烷火焰长度逐渐缩短;对于20%掺氢火焰,随着预混程度的提高,火焰长度降低明显;不同火焰条件下,炉膛温度只由燃烧功率控制;改变燃烧条件时,处于壁面附近位置的温度变化较为平稳,而靠近火焰处温度变化较大;天然气中掺入氢气,燃烧时可以有效降低未燃CO排放;在相同预混程度下,全局当量比减小导致未燃空气增加,热量被稀释,火焰温度降低,热力型NO_x的生成降低;随着掺氢比的增加,燃烧时火焰温度升高,导致热力型NO_x排放增加。     

预混气体在多孔介质中往复式超绝热燃烧的数值研究

根据气、固两相局部非热平衡假设,建立了RSCP系统的二维非稳态数学模型,对于固体能量方程中的辐射源项采用辐射传递的有限体积法求解,研究了当量比、换向半周期、混合气流速对温度分布、辐射热流量和放热率的影响,考察了最高温升和可燃极限与这些参数之间的关联．研究表明,燃烧室内温度呈梯形分布,高温区较宽;气体的最高温度明显高于绝热火焰温度;贫可燃极限显著扩展,对提高燃烧效率和节约能源有重要作用。     

Characteristics of Lean Premixed Flame in Various Oxygen Concentrations Measured by Laser Imaging Techniques

For heavy-duty gas-turbine engines, one of the promising approaches to reducing NO_X emissions is the adoption of lean premixed combustion. This technique could be combined with the conventional technique of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). However, the reduction in the oxygen concentration will influence the burning velocity and reaction zone characteristics of the lean premixed flame. To elucidate this effect, in this study, we measured the lean premixed flame temperature and OH concentration distributions for various oxygen concentrations instantaneously and simultaneously using laser imaging techniques. Based on the results, we investigated the characteristics of a lean premixed flame under various oxygen concentrations and found that the OH laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) intensity in the reaction zone decreased with the oxygen concentration, as did the flame temperature at a given axial distance from the exit nozzle. The characteristics of the premixed flame changed from a small-scale convexo-concave surface to a smoother one, leading to a decrease in the ratio of turbulent to laminar burning velocity. In addition, local extinction of the premixed flame was observed under conditions with a high air ratio and low oxygen concentration.