基于全变分理论的红外图像去噪

为了去除红外图像中的噪声,提出了一种基于全变分理论的去噪算法。该方法继承了经典全变分模型在去除噪声中保护边缘的优点,结合图像平滑扩散原理,得到了一个全新的扩散函数;同时引入了一个边缘检测算子,对正则项和忠诚项的相关参量进行了改进,使得修复后的图像大大避免了阶梯效应;最后对该算法的实现进行了推导。结果表明,该算法能够有效地去除噪声,并且避免了阶梯效应的产生。     

Total generalized variation restoration with non-quadratic fidelity

Total variation (TV) based Models have been widely used in image restoration problems. However, these models are always accompanied by staircase effect due to the property of bounded variation (BV) space. In this paper, we present two high order variational models based on total generalized variation (TGV) with two common and important non-quadratic fidelity data terms for blurred images corrupted by impulsive and Poisson noises. Since the direct extension of alternative direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to solve three-block convex minimization problems is not necessarily convergent, we develop an efficient algorithm called Prediction–Correction ADMM to solve our models and also show the convergence of the proposed method. Moreover, we extend our models to deal with color images restoration. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed high order models can reduce staircase effect while preserving edges and outperform classical TV based models in SNR and SSIM values.     

基于边缘恢复和伪像消除的正则化图像复原

由于各种原因复原图像不可避免地会存在一定程度的Gibbs效应、颗粒噪声及边缘振铃等伪像, 为此该文基于边缘恢复和消除伪像提出一种新的正则化图像复原方法。该方法在保留传统的平滑正则化约束项前提下, 首先将降质图像划分为边缘区、纹理区和平坦区, 然后以图像复原后边缘区局部方差的增加量构建正则化约束项作为对边缘恢复的约束, 而以平坦区局部方差的减少量构建正则化约束项作为对伪像消除的约束。实验结果表明, 在增加上述两个正则化约束项后其复原效果要明显优于传统的正则化复原方法。     

otal curvature (TC) model and its alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm for noise removal

This paper develops a variational model for image noise removal using total curvature (TC), which is a high-order regularizer. The TC has the advantage of preserving image feature. Unfortunately, it also has the characteristics of nonlinear, non-convex and non-smooth. Consequently, the numerical computation with the curvature regularization is difficult. In order to conquer the computation problem, the proposed model is transformed into an alternating optimization problem by importing auxiliary variables. Furthermore, based on alternating direction method of multipliers, we design a fast numerical approximation iterative scheme for proposed model. Finally, numerous experiments are implemented to indicate the advantages of the proposed model in image edge preserving, image contrast and corners preserving. Meanwhile, the high computational efficiency of the designed model is verified by comparing with traditional models, including the total variation (TV) and total Laplace (TL) model.     

基于角点保护的偏微分方程图像插值方法

图像插值是数字图像处理领域中的一个基本问题,利用插值技术可以实现图像的缩放和图像恢复。传统的插值方法易使边缘产生锯齿效应或使插值结果模糊不清。该文提出一种基于角点保护的偏微分方程插值方法。该方法针对图像中不同的特征进行特定插值,在保持边缘结构清晰的同时,还能保护尖锐的角形结构,有效改善插值后图像的整体视觉效果和峰值信噪比。此外,对方程的主要参数进行分析,提出了相应的参数确定方法,从而提高该方法的适用性。     

基于广义变分正则化的红外图像噪声抑制方法

文中提出了一种广义变分正则化的红外图像噪声抑制方法,该方法采用p-范数代替目前广泛被采用的全变分范数作为正则项,构造了用于抑制图像噪声的展平泛函,从而将图像噪声抑制问题转化为能量泛函优化问题。通过推导,得到了相应的用于图像噪声抑制的非线性偏微分方程,并采用固定点迭代算法进行线性化求解,使得迭代解稳定收敛。数值试验结果表明,该方法能够有效地去除图像噪声,较之全变分图像噪声抑制方法,新方法进一步提高了对小宽度图像边缘的保持能力,是一种有效且性能优良的红外图像噪声抑制方法。     

基于TwIST-TV 约束的图像去模糊方法

传统的基于频域和小波域的去模糊算法所得的复原图像总是存在比较明显的边缘振铃及模糊效应,而较为有效的空域迭代优化去模糊算法速度通常比较慢。为了解决上述问题,提出了基于二步迭代阈值收缩（TwIST）与总变分（TV）约束相结合的图像去模糊算法（TwIST-TV）。首先在去模糊目标函数中加入对图像的TV 正则化约束,其次在对图像小波系数的每次二步迭代之前,加入对图像的TV 优化去噪约束,最后迭代获取去模糊图像。实验结果表明:相对于基于频域和小波域的模糊图像恢复算法,TwIST-TV 能有效抑制边缘模糊和振铃效应,复原图像的信噪比（SNR）、峰值信噪比（PSNR）高出1~7 dB,平均结构相似度指标（MSSIM）可高出0.05,相对于空域解卷积算法在保证求解精度相当的情况下具备6 倍以上的速度优势。     

基于结构相似度的图像去噪新方法

将结构相似度作为一种刻画忠诚项的度量用于图像去噪模型中。针对经典ROF模型忠诚项的约束项L2度量未考虑图像空间结构性而导致恢复图像视觉效果差的缺陷,引入结构相似度来改进模型的忠诚项,提出了一种新的去噪模型。为在去噪过程中,更好地保护图像的边缘,在此模型的基础上,文中还做了进一步改进,用非凸正则项代替TV正则项,得到推广模型。实验结果表明,相对于ROF模型,两个模型在有效去除噪声的同时,能更好地保持图像的结构信息,提高图像的视觉效果,且推广模型在图像边缘保护方面的性能更好。     

全变分耦合图像去噪模型

针对TV模型去噪后图像容易产生“阶梯效应”的现象,提出一种全变分耦合图像去噪模型。首先,根据去噪过程中图像梯度的变化趋势,构造一个趋势保真项,该保真项不但能有效去除图像噪声,而且能抑制“阶梯效应”。然后用小波在频域里对图像进行系数分解,利用Canny算法的边缘检测特性,设计控制函数,控制能量的扩散方向,保持了TV模型和趋势保真项的优点,能够在保护图像边缘纹理等细节信息的同时,抑制“阶梯效应”。实验结果表明,新模型的峰值信噪比、结构相似度、视觉效果均有显著提高。另外,所提模型的运行时间较短。     

Total Variation for Image Restoration with Smooth Area Protection

The problem for image restoration is usually reduced to a constraint optimization problem. Different choice of optimization operator leads to various restoration models, e.g. least squares model and original total variation (TV) model. The TV model and its modified version can efficiently preserve the edge of the restored image well, but there exist obvious staircases in smooth area of the restored image. To reduce those staircases, we propose a new modified TV model, by adding a constraint term for smooth area protection as a penalty function. The numerical experiment shows our model can not only preserve the edge as well as TV model, but also efficiently reduce the staircase appearing in the smooth areas. Furthermore, It is shown that the restored image by our model has higher signal-to-noise ratio, less mean square error and better visual effect than those by the least squares model and by the TV models.     

一种应用于欠采样图像的自适应稀疏重建方法

针对图像稀疏重建中因使用固定参数的全变分(TV)正则项所带来的图像细节缺失和阶梯效应问题,提出了一种自适应二阶广义全变分(TGV)约束的图像稀疏重建算法.该算法采用二阶广义全变分模型权衡图像的一阶导数和二阶导数,且能够根据每次迭代得到的重构解及对应张量函数自适应地修正权重系数,实现图像的稀疏重建.与全变分正则模型和固定参数广义全变分正则模型相比,该算法能更好地保持图像轮廓和细节信息,提高重建图像的峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似度(SSIM).     

基于粒子群优化的正则化水下图像盲复原

水下图像恢复的难点在于缺少海水的点扩展函数的足够信息,而导致病态的问题.为了提高水下激光成像系统的成像质量,提出了用粒子群优化正则化参量的盲图像复原算法.该方法结合Tikhonov正则化和改进的全变分正则化的技术特点,使用一种交替迭代方法,分别估计点扩展函数和估计复原图像,同时用粒子群算法优化正则化参量.结果表明,该方法对水下图像复原具有较好的鲁棒性,算法收敛稳定.     

Image Deblurring Via Combined Total Variation and Framelet

This paper presents a new approach to image deblurring, on the basis of total variation (TV) and wavelet frame. The Rudin–Osher–Fatemi model, which is based on TV minimization, has been proven effective for image restoration. The explicit exploitation of sparse approximations of natural images has led to the success of wavelet frame approach in solving image restoration problems. However, TV introduces staircase effects. Thus, we propose a new objective functional that combines the tight wavelet frame and TV to reconstruct images from blurry and noisy observations while mitigating staircase effects. The minimization of the new objective functional presents a computational challenge. We propose a fast minimization algorithm by employing the augmented Lagrangian technique. The experiments on a set of image deblurring benchmark problems show that the proposed method outperforms the previous state-of-the-art methods for image restoration.     

交替使用小波去噪和全变差正则化的盲图像恢复算法

盲图像恢复就是在点扩散函数未知情况下从降质观测图像恢复出原图像.该文提出了一种交替使用小波去噪和全变差正则化的盲图像恢复算法.观测模型首先被分解成两个相互关联的子模型,这种分解转化盲恢复问题成为图像去噪和图像恢复两个问题,可以交替采用图像去噪和图像恢复算法求解.模糊辨识阶段,使用全变差正则化算法估计点扩散函数;图像恢复阶段,使用小波去噪和全变差正则化相结合的算法恢复图像.实验结果和与其它方法的比较表明该文算法能够获得更好的恢复效果.     

一种更一般全变分图像复原模型

分析了TV模型图像复原的特点,针对Aubert TV模型扩散函数不满足次优条件的缺点,对扩散函数进行改进以获得更好的图像复原效果。实验结果表明,本模型在图像复原中既能克服平滑区域的阶梯效益,又能较好地保留图像的细节,取得较高的峰值信噪比,取得了很好的图像复原性能。     

Variational Retinex model based on an extension of TV regularization with relative gradient and its application

In view of the shortcomings of the total variational Retinex model which use the total variation (TV) of the reflection as the regularization.An extension of TV regularization with the concept of relative gradient was introduced and finally a new variational Retinex model was proposed.Compared with variational Retinex and total variational Retinex model,the proposed model can preserve the estimated reflectance with more details as well as the more smoothed illumination.Further,a new integrated image enhancement model considering both the illumination and the reflectance was proposed.By adjusting the model parameters,the proposed model can be effectively applied to high dynamic range image tone mapping and non-uniform illumination enhancement.Compared with other algorithms,the proposed model can better handle the above image enhancement problems.     

基于L曲线调参的FOTV-ADMM超分辨率图像重建

基于图像高频细节的重构问题,建立了全变分(Total Variation,TV)约束重建模型,选取交替方向乘子法(Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers,ADMM)求解分析.TV-ADMM重建算法能够保持图像边缘信息,纹理细节的刻画却不够理想,图像平滑部分的重建出现阶梯效应和过平滑现象.为此,提出使用分数阶约束的模型算法FOTV-ADMM求解.该算法对图像纹理高频细节重建效果较好,能锐化图像边缘区域,同时为降低经验调节参数对图像重建的影响,减少调节参数的时间,引入L曲线调节参数,找出了正则化参数最优解.实验结果表明,基于L曲线调参的FOTV-ADMM算法能够更好地保留图像的纹理和平滑部分的细节特征,在峰值信噪比和结构相似度评价指标上,FOTV对高频细节的重建改善效果更佳.     

一种改进的二阶偏微分去噪模型

分析了基于二阶偏微分的扩散方程模型的基本原理,针对该模型在去噪的同时会产生阶梯效应的缺点,提出了一种基于图像结构信息的二阶偏微分去噪模型。在该模型中,在二阶偏微分的全变分模型的正则化项加入图像的切矢量和法矢量信息,并由此推导出相应的扩散方程,再对扩散方程的扩散强度因子进行修改。在实验中,将模型分别与基于二阶偏微分、四阶偏微分的全变分模型进行对比分析表明,实验结果证明该模型能有效地去除图像噪声,克服阶梯效应的产生,主观性能最优。     

Low-illumination image denoising method for wide-area search of nighttime sea surface

In order to suppress complex mixing noise in low-illumination images for wide-area search of nighttime sea surface, a model based on total variation (TV) and split Bregman is proposed in this paper. A fidelity term based on L1 norm and a fidelity term based on L2 norm are designed considering the difference between various noise types, and the regularization mixed first-order TV and second-order TV are designed to balance the influence of details information such as texture and edge for sea surface image. The final detection result is obtained by using the high-frequency component solved from L1 norm and the low-frequency component solved from L2 norm through wavelet transform. The experimental results show that the proposed denoising model has perfect denoising performance for artificially degraded and low-illumination images, and the result of image quality assessment index for the denoising image is superior to that of the contrastive models.     

Orthogonal-directional forward diffusion image inpainting and denoising model

In this paper, an orthogonal-directional forward diffusion Partial Differential Equation （PDE） image inpainting and denoising model which processes image based on variation problem is proposed. The novel model restores the damaged information and smoothes the noise in image simultaneously. The model is morphological invariant which processes image based on the geometrical property. The regularization item of it diffuses along and cross the isophote, and then the known image information is transported into the target region through two orthogonal directions. The cross isophote diffusion part is the TV （Total Variation） equation and the along isophote diffusion part is the inviscid Helmholtz vorticity equation. The equivalence between the Helmholtz equation and the inpainting PDEs is proved. The model with the fidelity item which is used in the whole image domain denoises while preserving edges. So the novel model could inpaint and denoise simultaneously. Both theoretical analysis and experiments have verified the validity of the novel model proposed in this paper.