利用FactSage热力学软件预测还原性气氛下煤灰熔融行为特征的研究

1 INTRODUCTION The coal ash related problems are major concern to many coal companies and electrical power utili- ties[1―3]. The formation of slagging and fouling de- posits in combustion, agglomeration in fluidized beds, ash slag flow in integrated gasification combined cy- cle(IGCC)and other slagging reactors are directly related to the formation of liquid slag and to the sta- bilities of solid crystalline phases[4,5]. The traditional methods used to characterize the high temperature …     

微生物在毛细圆孔中运移的模拟研究

1 INTRODUCTION Microorganisms have been extensively used in industry including microbial enhanced oil recovery[1], groundwater contamination cleanup[2,3], bioremedia- tion of sewage and contaminated soil[4―6]. Since most of microorganism inhabits in porous media like soil and subsurface environments, it is important to under- stand the mechanism of the microbial transport in po- rous media. The transport of microorganism in porous media is involved in both physicochemical and biological p…     

甲烷蒸汽重整-部分氧化耦合制氢催化动力学

1 INTRODUCTION With decreasing oil reserves and deteriorating environment,the problem of energy and environment has become the main obstacle to the sustainable development of economy and the progress of mankind. In many developed countries fuel cells are extensively researched.     

Cu(Ⅱ)配合物的制备、结构多样性及超氧化物歧化酶活性

To construct superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics, three Cu(Ⅱ) coordination polymers (CPs), [Cu3(L1)4(OH)2(H2O)2]n (CP 1), [Cu(L2)(OH)]n (CP 2) and [Cu(L2)(CH3O)]n (CP 3), in which n is a positive integer, are synthesized by solvothermal method using nicotinate N-oxide (HL1) or isonicotinate N-oxide (HL2) as organic ligands and Cu(OAc)2·H2O as metal salt. Their structures and properties are characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and ultraviolet spectroscopy. CPs 1~3 are synthesized under similar solvothermal conditions, but show a multi-dimensional configurations from one-dimensional, two-dimensional to three-dimensional, respectively, exploring the possible mechanisms of the relative position of functional groups in ligand, the coordination mode of ligand and the solvent system on the structural diversity of CPs. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that CPs 1~3 can be stabilized up to 202, 228, and 250 ℃, respectively, which display good thermal stability, and the higher the dimension of CPs 1~3, the better the thermal stability. Nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT) photoreduction test shows that the semi-inhibitory concentration values (IC50) of CPs 1~3 are 0.21, 0.26 and 0.62 μmol/L, respectively, which display certain SOD activity, and the lower the dimension of CPs 1~3, the better the SOD activity. The lower IC50 of CP 1 and CP 2 indicating that they can be used as potential SOD mimetics.     

次氯酸钙对水合物中甲烷储气量的影响

1 INTRODUCTION At present,natural gas accounts for 3% of the total energy consumption in China.It will go up to 5% in 2005 and 8% in 2010. Natural gas storage is a subject of great interest to many industries and particularly to transportation.Compressed natural gas,liquefied natural gas and adsorbed natural gas are techniques widely used.The possibility of developing a convenient storage system based on hydrate has been explored for about ten years around the world[1-5].Gudmundsson[1] has focused on the storage and transportation of gas as hydrate at atmospheric pressure since 1990.Khokhar[2] used 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone as additives to lower hydrate formation pressure. Saito[3] surveyed the effects of tetrahydrofuran and acetone.Rogers[3] used sodium dodecyl sulfate as accelerator to natural gas hydrate formation. In this work,the effects of calcium hypochlorite on hydrate formation are investigated.The data show that it can lower the degree of supercooling and enhance the relative cage occupancy.     

偏心搅拌槽流场内三维LDV测量的实验研究

1 INTRODUCTION Stirred vessel reactors are often used in industrial processes of metallurgy, chemistry, energy source and environment. Up till recently, empirical correlations have been used as tools for designs, scale-up and op-eration of stirred vessels. Due to the absence of boundary conditions and turbulent models, the simu-lation results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are apparently inadequate. To fully understand the process occurring in the mixing vessels, the spatial struc…     

搅拌釡中层流流场的模拟

Stirred tanks are used extensively in process industry and one of the most commonly used impellers in stirred tanks is the R.ushton disk turbine. Surprisingly few data are available regarding flow and mixing in stirred-tank reactors with Rushton turbine in the laminar regime, in particular the laminar flow in baffled tanks.In this paper, the laminar flow field in a baffled tank stirred by a standard R.ushton turbine is simulated with the improved inner-outer iterative method. The non-inertial coordinate system is used for the impeller region, which is in turn used as the boundary conditions for iteration. It is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with previous experiments. In addition, the flow number and impeller power number calculated from the simulated flow field are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. This numerical method allows prediction of flow structure requiring no experimental data as the boundary conditions and has the potential of being used to scale-up and design of related process equipment.     

CHEMOSELECTIVE PREPARATION OF CHLOROSULFONYL-CONTAINING AZO-DYES WITH THIONYL CHLORIDE-N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE

INTRODUCTION Azo-dyes containing chlorosulfonyl group are important intermediates of dyes for use in instant photography[1] and sulfonamido-containing disperse dyes[2].Chlorination of azo-dyes containing sulfonic acid group to the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides is an important method for the synthesis of this kind of compounds.Many approaches to performing the aforementioned conversion have been developed.One approach involves the use of chlorosulfonic acid[3],but the reagent is difficult to handle and can not be recycled.Another approach involves using phosphorous pentachloride as chlorination reagent[4], however,it is too expensive to be scaled up.The third one uses phosphoryl chloride-N,N-dimethylacetamide(POCl3-DMA)[2],in which acetonitrile and sulfolane are used as reaction medium[2],but a large amount of DMA is used and sulfolane can not be recycled easily due to its high boiling point.     

Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control, 3rd Edition

Design Aspects of Used Lubricating Oil Re.Refining presents a feasible and comprehensive technology tor recycling of used lubricating oils. This book discusses efficient and effective ways of reusing lubricating oil which, if implemented, will result in a better quality of life, the stability of the environment, the health of national economies and better relationships between nations. It presents essential experimental results for process designers and engineers to establish a complete process design. The conditions and behaviour in each step in the re-refining process, （dehydration, solvent extraction, solvent stripping, and vacuum distillation） are examined in order to discover ways to recover and reuse wastes that are produced by lubricating oils.     

权重积分方法计算界面张力消除表面“寄生”流

1 INTRODUCTION In simulation of multiphase flow in fixed Eule- rian grids by the level set approach and similar meth- ods, the accurate computation of surface tension force is critical. Two popular models were developed to model surface tension force: one is referred to as the continuum surface force (CSF) model[1―3] and the other is the continuum surface stress (CSS) model[4]. Both methods are commonly used for advecting inter- faces in the level set approach[5] and VOF (vol- ume-of-…     

白假丝酵母PDY-07厌氧生物降解4-氯酚的研究

Candida albicans PDY-07 was isolated from activated sludge under anaerobic conditions and identified as a member belonging to the genus Candida. Pure culture of C. albicans PDY-07, biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) was carried out under anaerobic conditions in Erlenmeyer flasks at 35℃, with an initial pH of 7.0—7.2 and a starting inoculum of 10% (by volume). The results showed that, under the above-mentioned conditions, C. albicans PDY-07 could thoroughly biodegrade 4-CP up to a concentration of 300mg•L－1 within 244h and that it had a high tolerance potential of up to 440mg•L－1 for 4-CP. With the increase in the initial concentrations of 4-CP, substrate inhibition was obviously enhanced. There was increased consumption of 4-CP, which was not assimilated by the cell for growth but was used to counteract the strong substrate inhibition. In addition, the cell growth and substrate-degradation kinetics of 4-CP as the sole source of carbon and energy for the strain in batch cultures were also investigated over a wide range of substrate concentrations (2.2—350mg•L－1), using the proposed cell growth and degradation kinetic models. The results recorded from these experiments showed that the proposed kinetic models adequately described the dynamic behavior of 4-CP biodegradation by C. albicans PDY-07.     

一株高效苯酚降解菌的分离鉴定及动力学研究

从活性污泥中分离出了热带假丝酵母。该菌株可利用苯酚做碳源和能源,降酚能力达到2 000 mg/L。通过对该菌株在不同温度、pH值以及不同苯酚组成下的生长和降解情况的研究,确定了该菌株最适宜的降解工艺条件;获得了细胞生长动力学模型。     

突变株CTM2降解苯酚和4-氯酚的生物降解特性

The biodegradations of phenol and 4-chlorophenol (4-cp) were studied using the mutant strain CTM 2 obtained by the He-Ne laser irradiation on wild-type Candida tropicalis. The results showed that the capacity of the CTM 2 to biodegrade 4-cp was increased up to 400 mg•L－1 within 59.5 h. In the dual-substrate biodegradation, both velocity and capacity of the CTM 2 to degrade 4-cp increased with low-concentration phenol. A total of 400 mg•L－1 4-cp was completely degraded within 50.5 h in the presence of 300 mg•L－1 phenol. The maximum 4-cp biodegradation could reach 440 mg•L－1 with 120 mg•L－1 phenol. Low-concentration 4-cp caused great inhibition on the CTM 2 to degrade phenol. In addition, the kinetic behaviors were described using the kinetic model proposed in this lab.     

苯酚废水的电催化氧化-生物降解工艺研究

采用电催化氧化-生物降解工艺处理苯酚废水,运用循环伏安法研究了苯酚在铂电极上的电催化氧化,考察了pH值、温度、接种量对微生物降解性能的影响.结果表明,初始苯酚浓度为200 mg·L-1的废水在pH值为10、NaCl浓度为10 g·L-1、电流密度为50 mA·cm-2的条件下电催化氧化120 min,苯酚完全去除,CO...     

Simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification at high initial phenol concentration by isolated bacterium Diaphorobacter sp. PD-7

A strain capable of phenol degradation, heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification was isolated from activated sludge of coking-plant wastewater ponds under aerobic condition. Based on its morphology, physiology, biochemical analysis and phylogenetic characteristics, the isolate was identified as Diaphorobacter sp. PD-7. Biodegradation tests of phenol showed that the maximum phenol degradation occurred at the late phase of exponential growth stages, with 1400 mg·L-1 phenol completely degraded within 85 h. Diaphorobacter sp. PD-7 accumulated a vast quantity of phenol hydroxylase in this physiological phase, ensuring that the cel s quickly utilize phenol as a sole carbon and energy source. The kinetic behavior of Diaphorobacter sp. PD-7 in batch cultures was investigated over a wide range of initial phenol concentrations (0–1400 mg·L-1) by using the Haldane model, which adequately describes the dynamic behavior of phenol biodegradation by strain Diaphorobacter sp. PD-7. At initial phenol concentration of 1400 mg·L-1, batch experiments (0.25 L flask) of nitrogen removal under aerobic condition gave almost entirely removal of 120.69 mg·L-1 ammonium nitrogen within 75 h, while nitrate nitrogen removal reached 91%within 65 h. Moreover, hydroxylamine oxidase, periplasmic nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase were successful y expressed in the isolate.     

流量分配比对改良A/O分段进水脱氮除磷特性的影响

采用改良A/O分段进水工艺处理我国南方低浓度、低碳氮比城市生活污水。在进水COD/TN为5.16,HRT为8.7 h,SRT为15 d,MLSS为5.66 g·L^-1,污泥回流比为75%,厌氧/缺氧/好氧体积比为4∶8∶10条件下,通过设置6种不同进水流量分配比,控制各好氧段DO为1～1.5 mg·L^-1,经过150 d的连续运行,得到系统最佳流量分配比为20%∶35%∶35%∶10%;在此工况下COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷出水水质分别为33.05 mg·L-1、0.58 mg·L^-1、9.26 mg·L^-1、0.46 mg·L^-1,出水优于国家GB 18918-2002一级A排放标准。原水COD绝大部分作为厌氧释磷和反硝化脱氮所需碳源,系统对碳源有效利用率达74%;DO和ORP 的协同控制可以作为系统厌氧放磷段的控制参数;同时亦可作为缺氧段反硝化完成和好氧段硝化完成的指示性参数。     

有机蒙脱土的制备表征及其对4-氯酚的吸附性能研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为有机化试剂,利用溶液插层法,通过控制CTAB的投加量成功制备了不同有机化程度的蒙脱土,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)与透射电镜(TEM)对其结构进行了表征.以去除率(R)和吸附量(q)为评价指标,探讨了田口-灰色关联分析方法多目标优化有机蒙脱土对水中4-氯酚的吸附反应条件的可行性.考察了吸附动力学和吸附热力学行为.结果表明,CTAB成功插入到蒙脱土的片层间,有机蒙脱土的层间距随着CTAB投加量的增加而增大,CTAB在蒙脱土片层间的排列方式也由平卧单层和倾斜单层转为倾斜双层.田口-灰色关联分析可知,在以2倍蒙脱土离子交换容量制备的有机蒙脱土为吸附剂(CTM4)、4-氯酚溶液pH值为6、浓度为150 mg·L-1、固液比为0.6 g·L-1和反应时间90 min的条件下,可实现4-氯酚的去除率和吸附容量的同时优化,此时去除率和吸附容量分别为36.85%和91.07 mg·g-1.CTM4对4-氯酚的吸附更符合拟二级动力学方程,整个吸附过程可能是由膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同作用的结果.Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程均能较好地描述CTM4对4-氯酚的吸附行为.吸附过程的热力学参数表明,CMT4对4-氯酚的吸附是一个自发的放热反应.     

SBR反应器中有机物去除与硝化反硝化过程 TTC-ETS活性变化

引言目前,有关SBR工艺运行过程中的控制参数及控制方法的研究已比较成熟,但是对采用电子传递体系(ETS)活性表征SBR工艺运行过程中生物活性变化规律的认识仍十分有限。通过ETS活性分析,既可从生物学角度反映处理系统微生物降解有机物的能力,又可从生物活性的高低衡量有机     

厌氧折流板反应器-生物接触氧化池联合工艺处理新兴农村生活污水试验

采用厌氧折流板(ABR)-生物接触氧化(BCO)工艺处理新兴农村生活污水,试验研究了COD去除率、pH、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、碱度等随水力停留时间(HRT)的变化情况以及BCO中氮的转化。试验停留时间经过20、16、12、8、4、3、2 h的连续改变,最终确定最佳停留时间是4 h。试验进水COD平均为1 530 mg.L-1,经过ABR处理之后,出水COD降为119 mg.L-1,经过BCO工艺处理后,COD降为9 mg.L-1。ABR工艺COD的平均去除率为92%,总COD去除率为98%。同时,进水NH4+-N经过ABR-BCO工艺处理以后,平均质量浓度由93 mg.L-1降为0.52 mg.L-1,NH4+-N去除率为99%,总氮去除率在40%左右。     

自养厌氧硫酸盐还原/氨氧化反应器启动特性

引言化工、味精、制药等工业生产过程中排放出大量含有NH+4、SO2-4废水。如何高效稳定地处理这类废水,已对废水处理技术提出了极大挑战[1]。生物处理一直被认为是废水处理领域最为经济有效的处理方式。对同时含有NH+4和SO2-4的废水,