化工实验大赛的总结及思考

化工原理实验是化工类相关专业的一门重要的专业实践课程。参加化工实验大赛,有助于提高学生的专业技能,同时可发现实验教学中的不足,对实验教学进行改革,提高化工原理的教学质量及加强学生专业能力的培养。分析和总结了参赛队伍在全国大学生化工实验大赛中的问题,探讨了在化工原理实验的教学中如何培养学生工程意识、创新意识、实践能力、团队协作及沟通、交流等能力。     

化工原理仿真实验课堂教学设计浅谈

化工原理计算机仿真实验是提高化工原理实验教学质量的重要手段。为了将能力培养导向的教育理念深入课堂,以化工原理仿真实验课堂教学为例,提出仿真实验教学目标涵盖实验设计方法和数据分析能力,教学过程以发现问题、分析问题和解决问题为模式的课堂教学设计方案,以实现化工原理仿真实验课堂"聚焦学生能力培养"的教学要求。     

在化工原理实验教学中培养学生的科研能力

化工原理实验教学对培养学生的工程概念和科研能力具有重要作用。本文阐述了实验教学与科研相结合的有效途径,以期培养学生掌握工程实验的设计方法、科技论文的写作方法和化工软件的操作方法,达到利用有限的教学时间最大限度地提高学生科研能力的目的。     

化工原理实验教学环节改革初探

化工原理实验是化工类及相近学科学生的一门重要的实践课,是理论与实践密切结合、培养学生动手能力和创新能力的重要环节。文章对化工原理实验教学改革进行了探讨,提出了增设综合性、设计性、研究性等实验内容,建立仿真实验与操作实验相结合的实验教学模式以及改革考核方式等,为进一步提高实验教学质量,适应创新和应用型人才培养的需要。     

HAZOP分析方法在化工原理实验教学中的应用

化工原理实验是促进学生理解化工单元操作、培养学生工程实践能力的一门重要课程,而化工安全是其中必不可少的教学内容。为适应新工科教学改革的需要,文章提出将HAZOP分析方法引入化工原理实验教学中,介绍了针对化工原理实验装置进行HAZOP分析的方法和流程,并以“圆形直管中气体对流传热系数的测定”实验项目为例,介绍了其应用过程。实践表明,HAZOP安全分析方法用于化工原理实验教学能够巩固和加深学生对理论知识的理解,培养学生的创新意识和安全意识,提高学生分析和解决复杂工程问题的能力。     

地方院校化工仿真实验教学的思考与尝试

针对如何有效的培养地方性和应用型的大学生,在化工仿真实验教学方面进行了一些思考和试探性的改革。根据实际的化工生产过程和教学过程对化工仿真实验操作手册进行了梳理和修编,制定出了符合本校化工专业学生的实验指导讲义。改变了传统的单一的成绩评价方式,形成了能够全面培养和考察学生综合能力、有利于激发学生学习主动性和积极性、注重学生的应用能力开发的化工仿真实验教学模式。     

阻力-泵联合装置在化工原理教学中的应用

化工原理是化工类学生的一门重要的专业基础课程,化工原理实验是化工原理课程中的一个重要部分,是深入理解化工原理理论如识的有效途径,是培养学生创新能力,独立思考能力和实践动手能力的重要环节。从化工原理实验教学现状出发,分析了化工原理实验教学过程中存在的问题及其影响,以及综合性实验装置的优势,概述了阻力-泵联合装置的综合功能。     

化工专业实验教学改革的创新与实践

文章阐述了化工专业实验的特点,结合化工专业实验教学的改革实践,探讨了如何在化工专业教学过程中提高学生综合素质和创新能力。在教学中通过改革教学方式方法、统筹安排教学内容,将课堂教学、实验教学与生产实际紧密结合,延伸实验室教学链,注重培养学生的专业能力和综合素质。     

专业认证背景下化工原理实验工程素质的培养

本文以专业认证为导向,系统地介绍了化工原理实验教学过程中将工程观念贯穿于实验教学的各个环节中的改革举措。结果表明,化工原理实验过程中的改革措施能有效培养学生工程思维和工程意识,提高学生的综合能力和创新精神。     

卓越工程师培养的化工原理实验教学改革与实践

为满足卓越工程师教育和培养计划,提升学生的工程实践能力和创新能力,结合我校现阶段课程教学发展中存在的问题,通过在化工原理实验的教学改革与实践,提供丰富多样的预习方式、强化实验教学过程和建立科学的考核体系,构建了科研与工程素质并重的化工原理实验教学体系。提高了教学质量,增强了学生工程意识和创新能力。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。