尼龙12的应用及开发

介绍国内外尼龙12的生产和发展,尼龙12和各种改性尼龙12的性能、应用及新产品开发。提出了我国研究开发尼龙12的建议。     

尼龙树脂的最新进展

本文综述了近年来国内外尼龙(聚酰胺)树脂的发展概况,介绍了尼龙的新品种(尼龙合金、纤维及矿物填料增强尼龙、低吸水性尼龙、阻燃尼龙、透明尼龙等)及其开发动向。     

尼龙无卤阻燃研究进展

尼龙是一种非常重要的工程塑料,但由于易燃的性质而限制了其应用范围。系统地介绍了近年来迅速发展的无卤阻燃尼龙技术,重点介绍了磷系、氮系、金属氢氧化物、硅系阻燃剂的发展现状和最新研究成果,并指出了尼龙无卤阻燃的发展方向。     

国内尼龙6、尼龙66产业的发展现状

介绍了国内尼龙产业的整体情况,同时着重介绍了尼龙6和尼龙66上下游产业的技术情况。目前国内尼龙6技术基本成熟,而尼龙66的技术还不成熟,主要原因是原材料己二腈未国产化,长期受到国外制约。介绍了现阶段国内正在积极开展的相关研究和中试进展,最后提出今后国内尼龙产业的需求和发展建议。     

尼龙-66市场分析和发展预测

介绍了国内外尼龙-66的生产和市场现状,阐述和分析了尼龙-66国内外消费情况,预测了尼龙-66的未来发展趋势。结合我国尼龙-66发展的实际情况,分析了产品的竞争力,并提出了尼龙-66的未来发展建议。     

己内酰胺发展前景广阔

介绍了己内酰胺和尼龙-6的用途，通过大量的统计数据，论述了世界、亚洲及我国己内酰胺和尼龙-6的生产、消费、价格、发展的情况，对我国目前己内酰胺、尼龙-6以及尼龙-6工程塑料的发展前景作了比较详实的介绍。     

阴离子聚合高粘度尼龙的研究进展

概述了阴离子聚合高粘度尼龙的特点，较详细地介绍了阴离子聚合高粘度尼龙的合成原理及种类，重点介绍了铸型尼龙的物理改性，化学改性研究进展，以及反应成型尼龙和反应挤出尼龙的研究状况，指出了阴离子聚合高粘度尼龙的发展方向。     

尼龙66国内外生产现状及发展建议

介绍了国内外尼龙66的生产和市场现状,阐述了尼龙66生产技术及其工艺,并结合我国实际情况,提出了尼龙66的发展建议。     

尼龙系高分子合金材料的研究进展

论述了目前尼龙系各种高分子合金技术的研究与发展现状，重点介绍了尼龙与种高分子共混制备的高分子合金及其结构、性能和应用、展望了尼龙高分子合金材料的发展前景。     

尼龙6聚合技术和功能性产品进展

回顾了己内酰胺水解开环制备尼龙6聚合技术在国内的发展历程,重点介绍了近十年来聚合工艺技术、设备和功能性产品的发展变化趋势。指出了制约聚合生产能力和技术发展的特定历史因素,探讨了聚合装置面临的一些重大技术难题。分析了尼龙6切片中残余可萃取物含量对纺丝工艺和纤维品质的影响。深入阐述了全消光切片生产、环状低聚物解聚、浓缩液全回用等工艺。介绍了热塑性弹性体、彩色尼龙等功能性产品及其制备技术。并指出柔性生产和环保节能聚合技术及功能性尼龙6是今后的重点发展方向。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。