多孔模板法制备热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)纳米管

采用聚合物溶液和熔体浸润多孔阳极氧化铝（AAO）模板的物理方法，成功制备了通孔的热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）纳米管及其阵列结构．扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（1EM）测试表明：有效地调整溶液滴加量可制备出不同结构的聚合物纳米管阵列．以浓度为7．0％（wt）TPU溶液为例，研究了溶液滴加量对纳米管结构之间的关系，2μL为制得TPU纳米管阵列结构的最佳滴加量．并探索首次浸润程度对纳米管结构的影响，完善了模板浸润法的多次浸润机理．     

溶液浸润法制备PS纳米管及其形成机理的初探

首次以孔径仅有200nm的阳极氧化铝(AAO)为模板，采用聚合物溶液浸润模板的物理技术，通过不同方法成功制备了常规分子量的PS纳米管及其阵列结构。SEM和TEM测试结果表明，有效地调整和控制制备方法和工艺，可制备出不同管壁厚度的聚合物纳米管．也可制备出管壁带有多孔的纳米管，还可制备出纳米线。探索了多孔模板法制备聚合物纳米管的机理。     

模板浸润法制备聚合物纳米管阵列

以孔径为200nm的多孔氧化铝膜（AAO）为模板、常规分子量的通用聚合物为原料，采用聚合物溶液或熔体浸润模板纳米孔的物理技术，进行了多种聚合物纳米管的制备研究。结果表明：聚苯乙烯、尼龙66、聚丙烯、ABS、热塑性聚氨酯等多种聚合物纳米管及其纳米管阵列成功制得。运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察了纳米管的微观形貌和阵列结构。并探讨了聚合物性质、纳米管制备工艺与纳米管结构的关系，初步探索了多孔模板法制备聚合物纳米管的机理。     

V掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及光催化研究

以钒钛合金为原料,应用阳极氧化法制备出高度致密、有序的V掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列。应用扫描电镜(SEM)和粉末X光衍射仪(XRD)表征分析纳米管阵列的形貌和结构,结果表明在浓度不同的HF电解液下制备出径向不同的纳米管阵列,电解液浓度(0.5%～1.5%(质量分数)),管径变化(39.7～72.7nm)。在室温、可见光照射条件下,以10mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液为模拟污染物进行光催化降解试验,研究了其光催化性能。结果显示V掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列光催化性能优于纯TiO2纳米管,且在HF电解液浓度为1.0%(质量分数)时制备出来的TiO2纳米管光催化降解有机毒物性能最佳。     

模板浸润法制备可生物降解聚合物纳米管和纳米线

以孔径为200nm的阳极氧化铝（AAO）为模板，用简单的物理方法制备了生物可降解聚合物聚己内酯（PCL）的纳米管、线及其阵列结构。SEM和TEM测试结果表明：熔融法在120℃和140℃都能制得整齐的纳米管阵列结构，管径均匀，约300nm。在溶液法中，5％浓度的溶液制得了杂乱的纳米管，而10％浓度的溶液制得的是纳米线阵列，直径在200nm左右。     

紫外光刻法制备图案化聚合物纳米管/线阵列的研究

探讨了紫外光刻技术制备图案化聚合物纳米管/线阵列的方法,研究制备过程中的各种影响因素,并找到了最佳的实验条件。采用溶液浸润法,成功制备了不同图案的聚合物纳米结构阵列。溶液浓度为6%(质量分数),得到的是聚合物纳米管阵列;溶液浓度为10.0%(质量分数),得到的是聚合物纳米线阵列。     

模板浸润法制备聚苯乙烯纳米管阵列

采用一种简单的物理技术——聚合物溶液或熔体浸润多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板的方法,在孔径仅为200nm的AAO模板中制备聚苯乙烯(PS)纳米管阵列。SEM和TEM测试结果表明：熔体法制备的纳米管壁厚约为110nm;5．0wt％和10．0wt％的PS溶液制备的纳米管壁厚分别为70nm和80nm。并初步探索了模板法制备聚合物纳米管的多次浸润机理。     

多孔氧化铝模板结合sol-gel旋转涂敷法制备PZT纳米管

利用溶胶-凝胶旋转涂敷法在通孔的多孔阳极氧化铝(PAA)模板中制备了锆钛酸铅(PZT)纳米管,研究了溶胶浓度对样品形貌的影响。利用SEM和TEM观察了纳米管阵列和单根纳米管的形貌,采用XRD和EDS图谱分析了纳米管的相结构和化学元素组成。结果表明合成的PZT纳米管结晶良好,具有钙钛矿结构(属于四方晶系);纳米管具有较高的韧性但表面较粗糙,直径和管壁厚度分别约为75和7nm,直径与原始PAA模板的孔径相吻合。在一定范围内调节PZT溶胶的浓度(0.1～0.4mol/L),均能在PAA模板的孔洞中形成PZT多晶纳米管,且组成PZT纳米管的晶粒随着溶胶浓度的增加而变大。     

钴铁氧体纳米管阵列制备及其磁学性能(英文)

为了研究一维钴铁氧体纳米管阵列的磁学性质,应用氧化铝模板具有的约束作用和毛细管作用,结合溶胶凝胶技术合成了钴铁氧体纳米管阵列.在140℃条件下,通过包含Fe(AO)3和Co(AO)2(物质的量之比为2∶1)的柠檬酸和乙二醇混合溶液(物质的量之比为1∶4)酯化反应得到溶胶.将氧化铝模板浸入溶胶几次后取出,取出充满溶胶的氧化铝模板,在大气气氛中,以0.6℃/min～5℃/min的升温速度将样品由室温升温至500℃,保温8 h.结果表明,在控制Fe3+离子浓度的条件下也可以合成钴铁氧体纳米线(Fe3+离子浓度大于1 mol/L)和"竹节"型纳米管(Fe3+离子浓度介于0.5 mol/L～1.0 mol/L),但重点进行了其纳米管阵列(Fe3+离子浓度小于0.5 mol/L)合成和磁学性能测试.透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨电镜(HRTEM)的观察以及粉末X光衍射(XRD)测试结果表明纳米管组成为多晶结构.纳米管的直径取决于氧化铝模板的孔径,大约为200 nm,其长度约几个微米.应用样品振动磁强计对样品磁性进行了表征,结果表明纳米管阵列未表现出方向特性,矫顽力随着升温速率的降低而升高,在0.6℃/min的升温速率时,矫顽力达到最高的1 445 kOe,简单讨论了其形成原因.     

F含量对ZrO2纳米管形貌和相组成的影响

采用阳极氧化法在丙三醇+NH₄F+5vol% H₂O的电解液中制备了高度有序的ZrO₂纳米管阵列, 详细考察了溶液中F含量(0.1~1.1 mol/L)对纳米管形貌﹑相结构和化学组成的影响. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对不同条件下制备的管径约90~130 nm, 管长约4.8~9.1 μm的纳米管形貌和结构进行了表征. 结果显示, 在含有0.7 mol/L NH₄F的电解液中获得了高度有序且垂直导向的四方相ZrO₂纳米管阵列, 而在较低浓度的电解液中制备的纳米管阵列为无定形结构, 较高浓度下纳米管阵列出现坍塌. 此外, 纳米管近表层处F/O原子比也随F^-浓度的变化而变化.     

Ni纳米管的电化学模板法制备及表征

本文采用一种简单而有效的电化学方法在硫酸铵体系中利用氧化铝模板(AAO)成功制备出规则有序的Ni的管状纳米阵列.使用这种方法可获得外径约为70nm,内径约为50nm的Ni纳米管.对所得的Ni纳米管进行了扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射图(SAED)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析,结果表明:该方法制备的Ni纳米管高度有序,大小均一,其形貌受控于氧化铝模板的结构,外径与模板的孔径相等.     

A template-based electrochemical method for the synthesis of high dense nickel nanotube arrays

High dense Ni nanotube arrays have been successfully fabricated using electrochemical method with the assistance of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template from NiSO4 aqueous solution without any additive. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) results indicate that the pores of AAO template are high uniform and all the pores are filled with Ni nanotubes. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results demonstrate that the diameter of Ni nanotubes is about 65 nm. The electron diffraction (ED) pattern results show that the Ni nanotubes are polycrystalline. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that the electrodeposited nickel is hexagonal crystal structure.     

End-closed NiCoFe-B nanotube arrays by electroless method

A novel approach is obtained during the fabrication of NiCoFe-B nanotube arrays via electroless method. Porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates fabricated by anodization of aluminum foil were sensitized using PdCl₂ solution and immersed into electroless plating baths at room temperature to produce nanotube arrays. Compositional and morphological properties of the nanotube arrays are characterized. Results indicates the formation of end-closed nanotubes with the dimension of 100-130 nm in outside diameter, which is determined by the pore size of the AAO template, and about 15 nm in thickness of tube walls. The possible formation mechanism of end-closed metallic nanotube arrays is discussed.     

Fabrication of ordered magnetite-doped rare earth fluoride nanotube arrays by nanocrystal self-assembly

We describe a nanocrystal self-assembly method for the preparation of rare earth fluoride nanotube (ReF-NT) arrays and magnetite-doped rare earth fluoride nanotubes (Fe₃O₄-ReF-NTs) by using porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a hard template. The ReF-NTs can be simply prepared by the impregnation of α-NaYF₄ nanocrystals doped with Yb and Er into the channels of the porous AAO and show a highly ordered nanotube array and excellent upconversion (UC) fluorescence properties. Similarly, the Fe₃O₄-ReF-NTs are obtained by the self-assembly of a mixture of Fe₃O₄ and Yb/Er doped α-NaYF₄ nanocrystals in the AAO pore channels and have a uniform dispersion of magnetite nanocrystals on the rare earth fluoride tube matrix and possess multifunctional magnetic/UC properties. The diameter of these nanotubes can be varied from 60 nm to several micrometers depending on the pore size of the AAO template. The wall thickness can be increased from 10 to 35 nm by increasing the concentration of nanocrystals from 0.02 to 0.4 mmol/L, while the morphology of the nanotubes can be varied from small isolated domain structures to percolating domains and eventually to compact domains. A template-directed formation mechanism is proposed and the quantitative predictions of the model for such self-assembled nanocrystal spreading processes are demonstrated. Strong UC fluorescent emissions are realized for the nanotube arrays and multifunctional nanotubes with UC excitation in the near-infrared (NIR) region. A strong magnetic response of the multifunctional nanotubes is observed, which facilitates their easy separation from solution by magnetic decantation using a permanent magnet.     

Fabrication of highly ordered anodic aluminium oxide templates on silicon substrates

The controlled fabrication of highly ordered anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates of unprecedented pore uniformity directly on Si, enabled by new advances on two fronts - direct and timed anodisation of a high-purity Al film of unprecedented thickness (50 mum) on Si, and anodising a thin but pre-textured Al film on Si, has been reported. To deposit high-quality and ultra-thick Al on a non-compliant substrate, a prerequisite for obtaining highly ordered pore arrays on Si by self-organisation while retaining a good adhesion, a specially designed process of e-beam evaporation followed by in situ annealing has been deployed. To obtain an AAO template with the same high degree of ordering and uniformity but from a thin Al film, which is not achievable by the self-organisation alone, pre-patterning of the thin Al surface by reactive ion etching using a freestanding AAO mask that was formed in a separate process was performed. The resultant AAO/Si template provides a good platform for integrated growth of nanotube, nanowire or nanodot arrays on Si. Template-assisted growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) directly on Si was demonstrated via a chemical vapour deposition method. By controllably removing the AAO barrier layer at the bottom of the pores and partially etching back the AAO top surface, new CNT/Si structures were obtained with potential applications in field emitters, sensors, oscillators and photodetectors.     

Template-based fabrication of nanowire-nanotube hybrid arrays

The fabrication and structure characterization of ordered nanowire-nanotube hybrid arrays embedded in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes are reported. Arrays of TiO(2) nanotubes were first deposited into the pores of AAO membranes by a sol-gel technique. Co?nanowires were then electrochemically deposited into the TiO(2) nanotubes to form the nanowire-nanotube hybrid arrays. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements showed a high nanowire filling factor and a clean interface between the Co nanowire and the TiO(2) nanotube. Application of these hybrids to the fabrication of ordered nanowire arrays with highly controllable geometric parameters is discussed.     

图案化金属铜纳米线阵列的制备与表征

采用紫外线光刻技术与电化学沉积相结合的方法,成功制备了不同图案的铜纳米线阵列:一种是圆形图案;另一种是QDU图案.首先利用紫外线光刻技术在多孔阳极氧化铝模板(AAO)生成预设图案,以此作为"二次模板";再利用电化学方法将铜纳米线沉积到"二次模板"的开孔中.扫描电镜(SEM)测试结果表明,大面积、高规整的铜纳米线图案阵列各自独立地立在基底上, 同时,用电子能谱(EDS)分析了铜纳米线的化学成分.透射电镜(TEM)也探测到了铜纳米线的微结构.     

One-step anodization fabrication and morphology characterization of porous AAO with ideal nanopore arrays

A fabrication method for one-step anodization of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template with nanopore arrays using pretreated high purity aluminum foil is reported in this article. Morphology of the AAO was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results showed that porous AAO with ideal nanopore arrays can be fabricated by one-step anodization fabrication technology on high purity aluminum foil which had been anodized at 45?V direct current (DC), in 0°C, 0.5?M H₂C₂O₄ solution for 48 hours. The average pore diameter and the interpore distance were 80?nm and 120?nm, respectively. Nanopores in porous AAO had very narrow size distribution and were arranged into hexagonal array. The formation mechanism of nanopore arrays in porous AAO is discussed. Porous AAO with ideal nanopore arrays provide an ideal template for preparation of many one-dimensional nanomaterials. One-step anodization of AAO is a simpler procedure and more applicable in industrial application than the previous two-step anodization technology.     

Fabrication, structural characterization and formation mechanism of multiferroic BiFeO3 nanotubes

Multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) nanotubes have been successfully fabricated by the modified sol-gel method within the nanochannels of porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The morphology, structure and composition of the nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), high resolution TEM, (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Postannealed (650 degrees C for 1 h), BFO nanotubes were polycrystalline and X-ray diffraction study revealed that they are of the rhomohedrally distorted perovskite crystal structure. The results of SEM and TEM revealed that BFO nanotubes possessed a uniform length (up to 60 microm) and diameter (about 200 nm), which were controlled by the thickness and the pore diameter of the applied AAO template, respectively and the thickness of the wall of the BFO nanotube was about 15 nm. Y-junctions in the BFO nanotubes were observed. EDX analysis demonstrated that stoichiometric BiFeO3 was formed. HRTEM analysis confirmed that the obtained BFO nanotubes made up of nanoparticles (3-6 nm). The possible formation mechanism of BFO nanotubes was discussed.     

Ni纳米管阵列的选择性刻蚀法制备及磁性质

采用基于氧化铝模板的电化学共沉积方法合成了Ni/Cu纳米电缆有序阵列,通过电化学选择刻蚀纳米电缆的铜核,制备了多晶Ni纳米管有序阵列。Ni纳米管有序阵列表现出明显的单轴磁各向异性,易磁化轴沿着纳米管方向。这种具有磁各向异性的有序阵列在高密度垂直磁记录材料中具有潜在的应用前景。