AZ31镁合金疲劳裂纹扩展和过载效应

研究AZ31镁合金不同方向的力学性能、疲劳裂纹扩展行为和单峰过载效应以及载荷比对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明：不同方向材料的抗拉强度相当,而屈服强度差别较大：不同方向疲劳裂纹扩展行为存在差异,是由于屈服强度不同所致,归一化后差别消失：当应力强度因子范围相同时,疲劳裂纹扩展速率随载荷比的降低而降低;单峰过载时,疲劳裂纹向前扩展一段距离并偏离原扩展方向,导致随后裂纹扩展迟滞,这是由于过载增大残余压应力和裂纹出现偏折的结果。     

铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展声发射监测

采用声发射(acoustic emission,AE)技术对7N01铝合金单边缺口三点弯曲试样不同应力比、不同峰值载荷下疲劳裂纹扩展过程中声发射信号进行了监测,建立了裂纹扩展速率、声发射计数(count)与应力强度因子之间的关系.结果表明,大部分的声发射信号主要产生于疲劳循环载荷的低应力阶段,这主要是低应力阶段的声发射活动主要与裂纹尖端的塑性变形和裂纹闭合现象有关,声发射计数与应力强度因子之间呈指数增长的关系.基于所建立的声发射计数率与裂纹扩展速率的关系,可以预测疲劳损伤结构的剩余寿命.     

轧制AZ31B镁合金腐蚀疲劳过程中的声发射信号分析

利用全数字声发射系统研究了轧制AZ31B 镁合金腐蚀疲劳过程中的声发射信号.结果表明,轧制AZ31B镁合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀疲劳过程主要存在4种声发射源,其中与腐蚀相关的两种信号分别对应于阳极溶解和阴极析氢,前者属于板平面内激励源,产生扩展波信号;后者属于板平面外激励源,产生弯曲波.与载荷相关的两种信号分别对应于塑性变形的连续型信号和裂纹扩展阶段高载荷阶段出现的裂纹扩展信号.腐蚀相关的声发射信号存在于整个疲劳过程,而塑性变形信号只发生在疲劳过程中特定的应力阶段.     

高强铝合金沿晶断裂声发射研究

高强度铝合金沿晶界断裂过程中的声发射信号特征反映了材料沿轧制方向的宏观性能。在带有预制裂纹的双悬臂梁(DCB)试样中，裂纹失稳扩展前，先有一短距离的韧窝状穿晶撕裂的稳态裂纹扩展。稳态裂纹扩展起始于K1C并发射出许多幅值超过阈值35dB的信号。当稳态裂纹扩展至Kmax时，便出现失稳的沿晶开裂。对稳态及失稳的裂纹扩展两种情况，其累计声发射能量均与宏观断裂能呈线性关系。     

喷涂层接触疲劳损伤的声发射研究

用超音速等离子喷涂设备在45钢基体上制备了铁基合金涂层。以球盘式疲劳试验机为平台,研究了涂层的接触疲劳损伤行为,探测并分析了涂层在不同应力水平下疲劳损伤的声发射反馈信号。结果表明,涂层的接触疲劳损伤过程主要包括弹塑性变形、裂纹萌生和缓慢扩展、裂纹亚临界扩展、裂纹失稳扩展4个阶段。裂纹萌生和缓慢扩展阶段是决定疲劳寿命长短的主要阶段。接触应力越大,裂纹亚临界扩展时间和失稳扩展时间越短。涂层的最终失效模式可以根据裂纹失稳扩展阶段声发射幅值的最大值来判断,发生点蚀失效时幅值最大值约为82.4 dB,剥落失效时幅值最大值约为90.2 dB,分层失效时幅值最大值约为91.3 dB。     

基于声发射的Q345B钢失稳断裂模式识别

研究了一种基于声发射技术的Q345B钢材进入失稳断裂模式的识别方法。其以声发射计数率作为研究的数据对象,利用数理统计学分析计数率数据变化的规律,提出了用声发射计数率的离散系数对疲劳裂纹扩展过程的第二阶段与第三阶段进行识别,建立了Q345B钢材声发射计数率的离散系数与应力强度因子幅值的关系,可为利用声发射技术作为Q345B钢材失稳断裂预警识别提供依据。     

渗注磷酸盐对AZ31镁合金疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

交变载荷作用下在AZ31镁合金疲劳裂纹尖端渗注磷酸盐转化液,研究磷酸盐的沉积行为及其对AZ31镁合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)观察分析裂纹尖端的形貌和物相组成,并采用贴应变片方法确定渗注磷酸盐转化液前后应力强度因子的变化。结果表明:渗注的磷酸盐转化液在AZ31镁合金疲劳裂纹尖端形成Zn3(PO4).4H2O及MgZnP2O7复合覆层,能改变疲劳裂纹尖端的应力大小和分布状态,使应力强度因子降低约30%,从而有效地增强疲劳裂纹闭合效应,降低或延滞AZ31镁合金疲劳裂纹的扩展。     

载荷比对含氢Ti-4Al-2V钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

研究了含氢量为110μgg/和280μg/g的Ti-4Al-2V钛合金在不同载荷比下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为。载荷比降低，da/dN曲线向高△K方向移动，并逐渐不出现疲劳裂纹的近门槛扩展阶段；无论载荷比和含氢量的高低，稳态裂纹扩展区的裂纹扩展行为符合Paris幂律关系，即da/dN=C(△K）^m；含氢量为110μg/g时，载荷比对稳态裂纹扩展区的da/dN没有影响；含氢280μg/g时，载荷比降低，稳态裂纹扩展区的da/dN也降低；载荷比影响裂纹由近门槛扩展区进入稳态裂纹扩展区的应力强度因子范围△Kp和开始失稳扩展的应力强度因子范围△K1H。载荷比越小，△Kp和△K1H越大。     

U75V钢轨材料在疲劳载荷下应力强度因子的探讨

以U75V钢轨材料紧凑拉伸(compact tension, CT)试样为研究对象,应用理论公式、弹性位移外推法/弹性应力外推法、弹塑性位移外推法/弹塑性应力外推法,求解在疲劳载荷作用时不同裂纹长度下的应力强度因子及幅值。结果显示,弹性位移外推法/弹性应力外推法计算的应力强度因子及幅值和理论解基本一致;裂纹长度小于12 mm时各种计算方法的应力强度因子以及幅值几乎一样,但随裂纹长度的增大,弹塑性位移外推法/弹塑性应力外推法计算的应力强度因子Kmax以及幅值呈增大趋势。在疲劳裂纹扩展阶段中后期,考虑小范围屈服时,使用弹塑性位移外推法/弹塑性应力外推法计算的应力强度因子及幅值用于疲劳裂纹扩展速率和疲劳剩余寿命的计算会更安全。     

超高强度钢37SiMnCrNiMoV应力腐蚀过程中声发射信号的研究

采用AE技术对超高强度钢37SiMnCrNiMoV在3.5%NaCl 溶液中的SCC行为进行研究.证明在裂纹的稳定扩展区内,裂纹是间歇,跳跃式的扩展.发现 腐蚀裂纹尖端的应力强度因子处于0.7KIC和0.23KIC时,平均每次声发射事件 对应的裂纹扩展量相近;应力强度因子处于035 KIC时,平均每次声发射事件对应 的裂纹扩展量较大;声发射事件的发生频率随应力水平的增加,有很大的增加.腐蚀裂纹扩 展的全过程存在两种不同的声发射信号.还证明了37SiMnCrNiMoV的应力腐蚀裂纹扩展过程 中,氢脆起着主要的作用.提出了计算腐蚀裂纹稳定扩展区内声发射事件累积数的公式.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.