基于MCSA和SVM的异步电机转子故障诊断

本文提出一种基于电机电流信号频谱分析和支持向量机的异步电机转子故障诊断方法，该方法可以利用支持向量机对电机电流频谱信号的特征信息和故障模式进行关联。对电机定子电流采样后，其信号经FFT变换后提取故障特征量作为支持向量机的输入，基于1对1算法构造了感应电机转子故障多类分类器。实验结果表明，该方法具有很好的分类和泛化能力，可以提高电机故障诊断的准确性。     

采用D-S证据推理的电机转子故障诊断

提出了采用D-S(Dempster-Sharer)证据理论对感应电机转子断条故障进行识别的故障诊断方法.基于小波包变换的频率划分特性,对定子三相电流信号进行小波包分解,利用节点系数的均方根值构建电机转子故障的特征矢量(证据体);利用明氏距离测度构造基本可信度分配函数,求取证据体对转子故障所赋予的基本概率分配函数值,然后根据D-S证据融合规则进行融合处理,实现了对电机转子故障的准确识别.试验结果表明,该方法可实现转子断条故障的可靠诊断.     

基于Clarke变换的感应电机定子故障检测方法

提出了一种基于Clarke变换的感应电机定子线圈短路故障检测方法．根据Clarke矢量模平方函数导出了与线圈短路故障相关的故障特征,定义了表征故障程度的灵敏因子λ。实验结果证实．将该方法应用于感应电机定子线圈故障检测,可准确检测出反映感应电机在定子线圈短路时的故障特征,方法实际可行。     

一种感应电机参数自适应转子磁链观测器的设计

为了解决“感应电机运行过程中由电机参数变化引起的转子磁场定向不准确”的问题,根据龙贝格观测器原理提出了一种新颖的参数自适应转子磁链观测器。首先论述了观测器的设计原理,针对磁链误差无法获得这一问题提出了一种有效的解决方案,引入了新变量,然后根据Lyapunov稳定性原理设计小参数自适应律。最后分别在Matlab和DSP2812平台上对该算法的参数收敛性以及定子电阻误差对观测器的影响进行了验证。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法不但可以对转子磁链加以观测,还可以同时在线调整并辨识转子电阻以及转子时间常数,对定子电阻具有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的异步电机定子匝间短路故障在线监测系统

为实现对异步电机定子匝间短路故障进行在线监测,提出了一种基于虚拟仪器技术的故障监测系统设计方法.以高性能ARM微处理器S3C2410X作为电机物理量采集的核心,利用LabVIEW7.0虚拟仪器开发平台计算电机定子负序电流,并考虑电机绕组先天不平衡因素,定义了故障灵敏度因子反映匝间短路故障程度.实验结果表明:该系统有较好的可靠性和实时性,并具备较强的匝间短路故障辨识能力,方法可行.     

发电机绕组故障时振动的关联维数分析及诊断

运用分形理论的相空间重构算法,分析了发电机在正常运行、转子励磁绕组短路和定子绕组故障3种状态时定转子振动信号的关联维数。分析结果表明,3种状态具有不同的关联维数,揭示了绕组短路的电气故障不仅引起发电机电气参数的变化,也将引起发电机振动特征的变化,且不同绕组故障对气隙磁场畸变效果不同,引起发电机定转子不同的动力学特性。最后,以定子振动的关联维数作为特征向量输入到BP网络中,将实测M JF-30-6型故障模拟发电机的定子振动的关联维数作为样本,通过学习样本的学习和对测试样本的测试分析的结果表明,该诊断方法能正确识别发电机的3种状态。     

电特性检测在电机预防性检修和故障诊断中的应用研究

针对异步电动机目前在预防性检修中存在的电气故障无法运用无损方式进行快速定位的问题,对电机电气参数在故障时的微弱变化进行了研究,提出了电特性检测手段,引入了潘罗斯判据配合电机静态三相平衡的评判准则,采用模糊诊断的方法对电机存在的电气故障进行了判断,实现了对电机可能存在的三相不平衡以及定子、转子绕组短路故障快速诊断;其中,采用Simulink软件仿真,模拟了电机故障,对该方法进行了计算验证,并在实物实验中再次验证了方法的可行性。研究结果和实验结果表明:该方法在不拆解电机的情况下实现了对电机的电气故障检测,能够显著提高故障隐患预估的质量。     

六相感应电机转子感应电压有限元分析与研究

针对多相电机控制模式复杂性的特点,本文提出一种新颖的控制方式:即六相感应电机梯形波相电流控制。本文主要对磁势解耦时定子、转子磁链进行了理论和有限元分析计算,并通过有限元分析计算出的磁链进一步分析计算转子感应电压。并实验测量了梯形波相电流驱动下六相感应电机转子感应电压,结果表明转子感应电压的有限元分析和实验结果是一致的。     

感应电机定子电阻的模糊观测器及其应用

感应电机定子绕组温度的监测是电机安全运行的重要保障,基于电阴估计的温度监测方法为电机的过热代保护提供了一条新的途径,它的关键是准确估计实际的电阻值,本文基于模糊理论,设计了一种模糊电阻直接反映绕组的内部温度,适用于各种运行工误解,因此文中提出的定子温度监测方法可以作为电机过热保护的一种措施。     

切向永磁同步电机空载感应电动势谐波削弱分析

针对切向永磁同步电机空载感应电动势谐波含量高会增加杂散损耗的问题,提出一种优化定子槽参数和转子极面偏心设计相结合的方法,以改善空载感应电动势波形.推导出切向永磁电机空载谐波感应电动势表达式,分析并确定了影响空载感应电动势谐波的关键结构参数,以降低空载感应电动势畸变率为优化目标,采用有限元法分析定子槽口宽度、定子槽高度和转子极面偏心距三个参数对电机空载感应电动势各奇次谐波和波形畸变率的影响规律,获得了最优参数.结果表明,优化后的电机能有效削弱空载感应电动势谐波、降低波形畸变率,同时提高气隙磁密、减小齿槽转矩,提升电机整体性能.     

A new diagnosis of broken rotor bar fault extent in three phase squirrel cage induction motor

This paper proposes a new induction motor broken bar fault extent diagnostic approach under varying load conditions based on wavelet coefficients of stator current in a specific frequency band. In this paper, winding function approach (WFA) is used to develop a mathematical model to provide indication references for parameters under different load levels and different fault cases. It is shown that rise of number of broken bars and load levels increases amplitude of the particular side band components of the stator currents in faulty case. Stator current, rotor speed and torque are used to demonstrate the relationship between these parameters and broken rotor bar severity. An induction motor with 1, 2 and 3 broken bars and the motor with 3 broken bars in experiment at no-load, 50% and 100% load are investigated. A novel criterion is then developed to assess rotor fault severity based on the stator current and the rotor speed. Simulations and experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed approach.     

Intelligent fault monitoring and diagnosis in electrical machines

The aim of this paper is to develop an intelligent diagnosis method for fault detection and isolation in induction motors. We consider failures in three components of induction motor: bearing, stator winding and rotor winding. Firstly, a model-based nonlinear observer in the proposed method is designed based on available information. The fault detection decision is carried out by comparing the model-based observer speed with their signatures. Secondly, multiple state observers are constructed based on possible fault function set. The fault isolation decision is made by checking each residual generated by observer state estimation. Finally, simulation tests are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis scheme.     

Fault diagnosis in six-phase induction motor using a current trajectory mass center

This paper proposes a new methodology for diagnosing the occurrence of stator winding faults in the six-phase induction motor. The proposed approach uses the xy current trajectory mass center of the motor stator currents. The Park transform is applied to the acquired induction motor stator currents. This transformation allows obtaining specific patterns that are used to identify stator winding faults. For healthy motors, a single point in the xy-plane is obtained. However, for a motor with a stator winding fault a circle is obtained, whose radius is related with the severity of the fault. To identify these patterns an algorithm, entitled current trajectory mass center, was developed. A theoretical analysis of the six-phase motor in αβ and xy current coordinates, for healthy and stator fault operation modes, is also presented. In order to show the applicability of the proposed technique several simulation and experimental results are presented.     

变频供电异步电动机转子断条故障诊断

异步电机转子断条故障发生时,定子电流（变频器输出侧电流）中会出现对称频率（1±2s）f1（f1为定子电流频率）的故障特征附加电流信号。以此为依据,定子电流特征频谱分析（MCSA）发展为经典转子断条故障在线检测方法。在工程实际过程中,变频供电异步电动机容易采集到的信号是开关柜二次侧供电电流（变频器输入侧电流）．因此要实现变频异步电动机转子断条故障诊断,必须清楚供电电流中是否也含有断条故障特征信息。首次对变频异步电动机供电电流进行分析．得出供电电流中也包括转子断条故障特征信息的结论,以此为基础。利用连续细化傅立叶和自适应滤波相结合的方法,实现了变频异步电动机转子断条故障诊断。     

基于绕组函数的长定子直线同步电机建模研究

针对精确的直线同步电机数学模型建立困难的问题,提出了基于绕组函数法的长定子直线同步电机绕组电感的计算方法,并推导出了直线电机各电感参数计算公式,然后建立了相应的直线同步电机数学模型。此外,利用电感参数在Simulink里搭建了直线同步电机矩阵微分方程,通过仿真结果得到了三相电流、励磁电流和电磁推力波形。最后,基于长定子同步直线电机的结构尺寸建立了一对极有限元模型,定子绕组通入三相交流电,动子绕组通入直流励磁电流,通过设置适当的剖分,将得到的电磁推力和解析法的电磁推力进行了对比。研究结果表明,有限元分析法和解析法得到的电磁推力结果一致,从而论证了基于绕组函数法的直线电机数学模型建模方法,为以后的直线电机数学建模提供了参考。     

GENERATOR VIBRATION FAULT DIAGNOSIS METHOD BASED ON ROTOR VIBRATION AND STATOR WINDING PARALLEL BRANCHES CIRCULATING CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS

Rotor vibration characteristics are first analyzed,which are that the rotor vibration of fundamental frequency will increase due to rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault,air-gap dynamic eccentricity fault,or imbalance fault,and the vibration of the second frequency will increase when the air-gap static eccentricity fault occurs.Next,the characteristics of the stator winding parallel branches circulating current are analyzed,which are that the second harmonics circulating current will increase when the rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault occurs,and the fundamental circulating current will increase when the air-gap eccentricity fault occurs,neither being strongly affected by the imbalance fault.Considering the differences of the rotor vibration and circulating current characteristics caused by different rotor faults,a method of generator vibration fault diagnosis,based on rotor vibration and circulating current characteristics,is developed.Finally,the rotor vibration and circulating current of a type SDF-9 generator is measured in the laboratory to verify the theoretical analysis presented above.     

基于旋转不变信号参数估计技术与模式搜索算法的异步电动机转子故障检测新方法

提出一种基于旋转不变信号参数估计技术(Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique,ESPRIT)与模式搜索算法(Pattern search algorithm,PSA)的异步电动机转子故障检测新方法。模拟形成转子故障情况下的定子电流信号并以之检验ESPRIT性能。结果表明:即使对于短时信号,ESPRIT仍具备高频率分辨力,可以准确估计定子电流各个分量的频率;但对其幅值、初相角的估计欠缺准确性、稳定性。随后,采用PSA确定各个频率分量的幅值、初相角。对一台异步电动机完成了转子故障检测试验,结果表明:基于ESPRIT与PSA的异步电动机转子故障检测方法是切实可行的,并且因仅需短时信号即可达到高频率分辨力而适用于负荷波动情况。     

A current monitoring system for diagnosing electrical failures in induction motors

Induction motors are critical components in industrial processes. A motor failure may yield an unexpected interruption at the industrial plant, with consequences in costs, product quality, and safety. Many of these faulty situations in three phase induction motors have an electrical reason. Among different detection approaches proposed in the literature, those based on stator current monitoring are advantageous due to its non-invasive properties. One of these techniques resorts to spectrum analysis of machine line current. Another non-invasive technique is the Extended Park's Vector Approach, which allows the detection of inter-turn short circuits in the stator winding. This article presents the development of an on-line current monitoring system that uses both techniques for fault detection and diagnosis in the stator and in the rotor. Based on experimental observations and on the knowledge of the electrical machine, a knowledge-based system was constructed in order to carry out the diagnosis task from these estimated data.     

计及结构特征的TEFC感应电动机温度敏感性研究

为研究小型感应电动机温升分布与其结构特性的数值关系,以一台TEFC(Total enclosed fan-cooled)感应电动机为研究对象,根据流体力学和传热学基本理论,并结合感应电动机定子绕组散下线等结构特点,建立包含离心式风扇及接线盒等结构部件的三维流动与传热耦合数学模型及物理模型,采用有限体积元法,对其三维流体场及温度场进行耦合计算,在利用试验数据佐证本研究精准性的基础上,详细地阐明电动机内部温升随结构特性的敏感性,结果表明,机壳底脚上的横向拉筋对电动机内部的温升分布有着较大的影响,导致与其位置对应的定子绕组存在温升二次升高的现象,同时,转子上具有自力性的风扇对定子绕组端部表现出良好的散热效果,以上结论为中小型电动机的机械结构优化提供了一定参考。