基于多维数据集层次的可扩展存储结构

在保存多维数据集数据的过程中,引入了层次式B^ 树的概念,提出了用层次聚集CUBE的方法,不仅可以利用所保存的层次信息优化OLAP聚集查询操作,而且使得多维数据集模式更新操作成为可能。同时,层次聚集CUBE也可以看作是实视图的物化,可以根据某种策略进行动态调整。     

海量多维数据的存储与查询研究

基于数据仓库的OLAP系统是当前海量多维数据分析的主要工具。随着信息技术的发展,海量多维数据的规模急剧增长,结构日益复杂,OLAP系统的性能严重下降,已经无法满足人们的数据分析需求。基于分布式计算系统Hadoop给出了新的海量多维数据的存储方法和查询方法。设计了HDFS上的列存储文件格式HCFile,基于HCFile给出了海量多维数据存储方案,该方案能够提高聚集计算效率,并有很好的可扩展性。同时,利用多维数据的层次性语义特征,设计了维层次索引,并给出了利用维层次索引和MapReduce进行聚集计算的方法。通过和Hive的对比实验,表明了数据存储方案和查询方法能够有效提高海量多维数据分析的性能。     

基于聚类的OLAP多维分析查询推荐方法研究

为提高用户在使用OLAP(联机分析处理)时的查询效率,改善用户体验,对OLAP中的MDX(多维表达式)查询语言进行了研究,提出了在MDX查询语言的基础上,对OLAP用户的历史查询记录进行聚类的方法,建立了查询操作的分级推荐机制,提供给当前用户候选查询作为推荐,帮助用户设计下一步查询操作.介绍了该方法的推荐机制构架,并表明了该方法的可行性.     

一种复杂多维层次的连接和聚集算法

由于数据仓库中存储着不同粒度、容量巨大的数据记录，所以如何有效地执行联机分析处理(OLAP)查询操作，特别是连接和聚集操作，便成为数据仓库领域的核心问题之一．为此，提出了一种降低连接和聚集操作的新算法(join and aggregation based on the complex multi-dimensional hierarchies，JACMDH)．算法充分考虑了复杂多维层次的特点，在原有的位图连接索引(bitmap join index)的基础上，采用层次联合代理(hierarchy combined surrogate)和预先分组排序的方法，使得复杂的多维层次上的连接和聚集操作转化成事实表上的区域查询，从而在处理多维层次聚集的同时，提高了连接和聚集的效率．算法性能分析和实验数据表明，JACMDH算法和目前流行的算法相比，其性能有显著的提高．     

一个基于实化聚集视图的近似查询计算模型及其应用

在数据仓库、大量交易记录系统、移动计算、联机分析处理系统(OLAP)等许多领域中聚集数据的处理是一个非常重要的核心问题。该文首先分析了聚集数据查询的特点,引入了聚集查询语言和聚集查询重写;其次对于聚集查询环境下如何实现快速查询,给出了一个基于聚集数据的近似查询计算模型;最后将该计算模型应用于人口统计系统,从而实现对统计信息类数据进行快速的查询处理,获得有效的查询结果。     

数据仓库系统中一种改进的维层次聚集Cube存储结构

提出利用Cube中的维层次（dimension hierarchy）聚集技术来创建高性能的维层次聚集Cube（dimension hierarchy aggregate cube,DHAC）．充分利用DHAC已保存的维层次信息,对Cube中多维数据的查询和更新效率进行了优化,并且支持Cube的上探、下钻等语义操作．在DHAC中进行数据插入和删除等数据更新时,由下向上用更新前后的差值对受到更新结点影响的所有祖先结点进行增量更新．实现了在插入新维或维层次时不需要重新构建聚集Cube就可以实现Cube的模式更新．对维层次聚集Cube与传统Cube进行了算法性能分析和比较,理论分析和实验结果都表明,所提出的DHAC性能最佳．     

基于维层次的OLAP变粒度存储策略

目前的决策支持体系结构中都是采用数据仓库来存储系统中的分析数据,应用OLAP技术实现系统中的分析功能。但是,数据量的增长也使得DataCube不断增大,因而影响到了OLAP的效率。本文提出了一种基于层次的OLAP变粒度存储策略,根据实际情况灵活地调整需要进行聚集的粒度与数据集,从而更好地满足数据分析的需要。     

基于分布式计算的what-if分析并行处理策略

根据基于OLAP的what-if分析的查询特点,使用分布式并行处理技术解决what-if分析性能较低的问题。以星座模型为基础的what-if分析中,将多维聚集查询分布到不同计算节点进行聚集计算,然后将各个计算节点的聚集计算结果合并输出。该方法根据基于OLAP的what-if分析中其维表远远小于事实表的特性,将事实表中的记录进行水平分片,充分利用各节点计算和I/O处理能力,以解决OLAP查询中计算密集型及I/O消耗过大的难题。在该方法中,随着计算节点数目的增加,其查询时间随之减少,有效地提升了分析效率。     

k-匿名数据上的聚集查询及其性质

k-匿名数据中存在大量的有用信息,如何从k-匿名数据中得到有用的知识是目前亟待解决的问题。OLAP是知识发现的主要手段,聚集查询是OLAP的关键操作。为了解决k-匿名数据聚集查询问题,首先,给出了描述k-匿名数据的数据模型。其次,将聚集查询分为两个阶段,在第一阶段,给出k-匿名数据满足的性质和独立属性集的概念,利用k-匿名的性质和独立属性集给出求解满足查询约束的值和概率集合的算法,并将该集合作为第二阶段的输入。在第二阶段,给出聚集查询的语义。为了满足用户不同的查询需求,给出WITH子句约束及不同WITH子句约束的语义,作为聚集查询的第一阶段的补充。最后,讨论了聚集查询的性质,并用实验验证了查询的有效性。     

k-匿名数据上的聚集查询及其性质

k-匿名数据中存在大量的有用信息,如何从k-匿名数据中得到有用的知识是目前亟待解决的问题。OLAP是知识发现的主要手段,聚集查询是OLAP的关键操作。为了解决k-匿名数据聚集查询问题,首先,给出了描述k-匿名数据的数据模型。其次,将聚集查询分为两个阶段,在第一阶段,给出k-匿名数据满足的性质和独立属性集的概念,利用k-匿名的性质和独立属性集给出求解满足查询约束的值和概率集合的算法,并将该集合作为第二阶段的输入。在第二阶段,给出聚集查询的语义。为了满足用户不同的查询需求,给出WITH子句约束及不同WITH子句约束的语义,作为聚集查询的第一阶段的补充。最后,讨论了聚集查询的性质,并用实验验证了查询的有效性。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.