稀土Nd对A2B7型La-Y-Ni系储氢合金微观结构和电化学性能的影响

以La-Y-Ni系A_2B_7型La0.1NdxY0.9-xNi3.25Mn0.15Al0.1(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6)储氢合金为对象,研究稀土元素Nd对合金微观结构和电化学性能的影响。合金相结构分析表明,合金微观组织主相为Ce_2Ni_7型相,其中当x=0.4时,合金Ce_2Ni_7型相丰度可达98.32%。在退火合金中,Ce_2Ni_7型相的晶胞体积均随A端元素平均原子半径的减小而逐渐降低。电化学分析表明,当加入稀土元素Nd时,合金电极的循环寿命大幅度提高,当x=0.4时,合金电极具有最高的电化学放电容量(377.7mA·h/g);当x=0.5时,合金电极具有最好的循环寿命(S100=88.17%)。当x=0.4时,合金电极的高倍率放电性能最佳(HRD900=82.88%)。当x=0、0.1时,此时控制合金电极动力学性能的主要因素是氢在合金中的扩散;当0.2≤x≤0.6时,此时合金电极动力学性能由合金表面电荷转移速率和氢在合金体相内的扩散共同控制。     

Tb0.36Dy0.64（Fe0.85Co0.15）2-xBx合金的结构和磁致伸缩

研究了Tb0.36Dy0.64(Fe0.85Co0.1)2-xBx(x=0,0.05,0.15,0.30)合金的结构、显微组织和磁致伸缩.结果表明,Tb0.36Dy0.64(Fe0.85Co0.15)2-xBx合金基体仍为MgCu2型立方结构Laves相,合金点阵常数α随B含量增加先减小后增大;当B含量达到x=0.15时,样品中开始有杂相析出.少量B(x=0.05)添加时,合金的饱和磁致伸缩有所提高;随B含量继续增加,合金中形成1∶3相以及富硼相,饱和磁致伸缩急剧下降.     

元素Ti对贮氢合金ZrMn0．7V0．2CO0．1Ni1．2相结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了元素Ti对贮氢电极合金ZrMn0.7V0.2Co0.1Ni1.2的相结构、相组成以及电化学性能的影响。结果表明，对于合金Zr1-xTix(Mn0.7V0.2Co0.1Ni1.2)，其母体合金的主相为C15型Laves相，并含有少量的非Laves相Zr7M10；但随着掺Ti量的增加，合金中出现C14型Laves相，而且其含量逐渐增加；在x=0．1～0．2时，合金中还出现少量的TiNi相，而在x=0．4～0．5时，非Laves相Zr7M10和TiNi相全部消失，说明元素Ti大量的掺杂抑制了第二相的产生：而且随着Ti含量的增加，合金中的C15型和C14型Laves相的晶格常数逐渐减小。电化学测试结果发现，当含Ti量x=0．2时，合金有最大放电容量Cmax为354mAh／g，在放电电流为300mAh／g条件下，高倍率放电性能比母体合金提高了15％。     

Ti_(1+y)(Fe_(1-x)Mn_x)_(1-y)合金氢化特性与组成关系

<正>日本产业技术综合研究所氢能源技术团队Kouji Sakaki等人,研究了Ti1+y(Fe1-xMnx)1-y(0.2≤x≤0.5,0≤y≤0.08)合金氢化特性及其成分依从性。X-射线衍射图表明,退火态合金主要为B2(CsCl)型结构,某些合金含有少量第二相。随Mn或Ti含量增多,B2相晶格增大,平衡压力降低。在压力-成分等温线     

第三组元添加对Fe-Ga合金相组成和磁致伸缩性能的影响

系统地研究了铸态和淬火态Fe81(Ga1-xMx)19(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3;M=Si,Ge,Sn)合金的相组成和磁致伸缩特性.结果表明:Si,Ge元素分别添加到Fe81Ca91合金中保持了合金的A2相结构.添加少量的Si或Ge(x=0.1)不会降低合金的饱和磁致伸缩值,其中淬火态Fe81(Ga0.9Ge0.1)19样品的饱和磁致伸缩值比淬火态Fe81Ga19合金明显提高;此后,继续增加Si或Ge含量,饱和磁致伸缩值显著下降.铸态和淬火态Fe81(Ga1-xSnx)19(x=0.1,0.2,0.3)合金为A2和FeSn(Ga)双相结构.随着Sn含量增加,非磁性FeSn(Ga)相数量增加,合金的饱和磁致伸缩值呈降低趋势.其中,在铸态Fe81(Ga0.9Sn0.1)19合金中获得了最大的饱和磁致伸缩值(41×10-6),略高于铸态Fe81Ga19合金.     

Ti对CrCoNi中熵合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

研究了CrCoNiTix中熵合金的金相结构、微观组织和室温力学性能的演化规律。结果表明,当x≤0.1时,合金的相结构为单相面心立方结构(FCC);当0.2≤x≤0.3时,在FCC基体上析出Ti-Ni富集相;当x=0.4时,进一步析出了富Cr相。合金的微观组织由单相时的柱状晶逐渐转变为等轴晶(x=0.4)。少量Ti的固溶几乎不改变合金的屈服强度,而随着第二相的出现,屈服强度显著增加,当x=0.3时达到最大值(1 712.6MPa),而x=0.4时合金的强度和塑性可达到较好的平衡。     

铸态La_(1-x)Sm_xMg_(3.6)Co_(0.4)(x=0～0.4)合金的贮氢性能（英文）

采用真空感应熔炼方法制备了La_(1-x)Sm_xMgNi_(3.6)Co_(0.4)(x=0~0.4)合金,并系统研究了Sm替代La对合金相结构、形貌、以及贮氢性能的影响。利用XRD和SEM分析了合金的相结构。结果表明,合金包含LaMgNi_4和LaNi_5两相;La_(1-x)Sm_xMgNi_(3.6)Co_(0.4)(x=0~0.4)系列合金在348 K,3 MPa下的气态吸氢量(质量分数,%)随着Sm添加呈现逐渐降低的趋势,分别为1.859、1.707、1.585、1.578、1.471;合金的P-C-T曲线显示LaMgNi_4相在吸放氢时有平坦的平台压,同时通过在323,348,373 K下对合金P-C-T曲线的研究表明,La_(1-x)Sm_xMgNi_(3.6)Co_(0.4)(x=0~0.4)合金中LaMgNi_4相在吸氢过程中的焓变在x=0时为-40.37 kJ/mol,随着Sm替代量增加到x=0.4,焓变降到了-26.99 kJ/mol。而熵变也从x=0时的-101.9 J·(mol/K)~(-1)。降到了x=0.4时的-77.56 J·(mol/K)~(-1);La_(1-x)Sm_xMgNi_(3.6)Co_(0.4)(x=0~0.4)合金的电化学合金测试表明,最大放电容量随着Sm替代量的增加从347 mAh/g降到了270.5 mAh/g,但是合金的循环稳定性随着Sm替代的增加得到了很大的提高。     

Improved Cycle Stability of La0.75-xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1 (x=0-0.4) Electrode Alloys by Melt Spinning

为了改善 La-Mg-Ni 系 A2B7型电极合金的电化学循环稳定性,用 Pr 部分替代合金中的 La,并用熔体快淬工艺制备了La0.75-xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)电极合金。用 XRD、SEM、TEM 分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构。结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金均具有多相结构,包括 2 个主相(La,Mg)Ni3及 LaNi5和 1 个残余相 LaNi2。熔体快淬导致 LaNi5相增加而(La,Mg)Ni3相减少。电化学测试结果表明,熔体快淬显著地提高合金的电化学循环稳定性。当淬速从 0 m/s (铸态被定义为淬速 0 m/s)增加到 20 m/s 时,x=0 合金 100 次充放循环后的容量保持率从 65.32%增加到 73.97%,x=0.4 合金的容量保持率从 79.36%增加到 93.08%。     

铸态La1-xSmxMg3.6Co0.4 (x = 0-0.4)合金的贮氢性能研究

采用真空感应熔炼方法制备了La1-xSmxMgNi3.6Co0.4 (x = 0-0.4)合金,并系统研究了Sm替代La对合金相结构、形貌、以及贮氢性能的影响。XRD和SEM分析了合金的相结构,结果表明合金包含LaMgNi4和 LaNi5两相。La1-xSmxMgNi3.6Co0.4 (x = 0-0.4)系列合金在348K,3MPa下的气态吸氢量随着Sm添加呈现逐渐降低的趋势,分别为1.859、 1.707、1.585、1.578、1.471 wt.%。合金的P-C-T曲线显示LaMgNi4相在吸放氢时有平坦的平台压,同时通过在323 K,348 K,373K下对合金P-C-T曲线的研究表明,La1-xSmxMgNi3.6Co0.4 (x = 0-0.4)合金中LaMgNi4相在吸氢过程中的焓变在x = 0时的为-40.37 kJ/mol,随着Sm替代量增加到x = 0.4,焓变降到了-26.99 kJ/mol。而熵变也从x = 0时的-101.9 J/mol/K降到了x = 0.4时的-77.56 J/mol/K。La1-xSmxMgNi3.6Co0.4 (x = 0-0.4)合金的电化学合金测试表明,最大放电容量随着Sm替代量的增加从347 mAh/g降到了270.5 mAh/g,但是合金的循环稳定性随着Sm替代的增加得到了很大的提高。     

Ni_（56）Mn_（25-x）Cr_xGa_（19）（x=0,2,4,6）高温形状记忆合金

详细地研究了Ni56Mn25-xCrxGa19（x=0,2,4,6）合金的微观组织结构、马氏体相变特性、力学性能及形状记忆效应。结果表明：当x=0时,合金呈现出单一的四方结构马氏体相;当x≥2时,合金的微观组织为包含马氏体相和γ相的双相结构;随着Cr元素的增加,合金的马氏体相变温度逐渐降低,其峰值温度从x=0时的401℃降低到x=6时的197℃。热轧和拉伸试验表明：通过添加Cr元素在合金微观组织中引入γ相可有效地提高合金的热加工性能和塑性,x≥4的合金可通过常规热轧得到表面状态良好的1mm厚的片材,合金的拉伸应力和应变在x=4和6时分别为497MPa,8%和454MPa,5.5%;x=4的合金在残余应变为4.5%时可得到2.7%的形状记忆回复,而x=6的合金在残余应变为3.5%时的可回复应变为1.9%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.