用户级通信中基于网络接口的虚实地址变换技术

用户级通信允许应用程序直接访问网络接口,减小了通信操作的软件层开销。为了支持用户级通信,高效的虚拟地址到物理地址的变换起到关键作用。本文提出了基于地址变换表的地址变换机制,虚实地址变换都在网络接口控制器上完成,变换过程不需要操作系统的参与,并且无需失效处理。采用这种机制,我们实现了基于PCI-X面向集群系统的互连通信子系统CNI。实际测试获得了2．4μs的最小单边延迟和850MB／s的峰值带宽。     

一种适用于机群系统的用户层消息传递机制

网络通信中的软件开销是目前影响机群系统性能的瓶颈,为了提高机群系统的通信性能,提出了一种用于机群系统的用户层快速消息传递机制ULFM(user-levelfastmessage),并在TH-GBNet上加以实现.ULFM以通信缓冲区的管理为核心设计了一种易于实现的用户层网络访问接口,通过综合采用用户层网络接口访问、零拷贝数据传递、精简通信协议等技术,可以有效地降低机群系统的通信开销,为应用程序提供实际的低延迟、高带宽的通信性能.在TH-GBNet的实现中,ULFM节点间16字节数据包的单向延迟减小到仅为6μs,2K字节数据包的带宽达40MB/s.     

VIA(Virtual Interface Architecture)上的软件DSM系统实现和性能

在由高性能PC搭建的Linux机群系统上，传统的网络接口体系结构引入了巨大的软件处理开销，无法满足虚拟共享存储并行应用对通信带宽、延迟和进程间同步的需求．用户级网络接口标准——虚拟接口体系结构(Vilxual Interface Architecture，VIA)与传统的网络接口体系结构相比，在软件协议开销、通信关键路径上操作系统的干预程度、通信和计算的重叠程度以及实现零拷贝等方面，具有明显的优势．通过在传统网络通信接口和VIA通信接口上虚拟共享存储系统的性能对比，采用VIA网络接口体系结构可有效地提高虚拟共享存储系统的性能和可扩展性．     

面向机群互连网络的智能网卡设计

在机群系统中,机群的互连网络性能对整个机群系统的性能有着至关重要的影响。机群系统要求互连网络具有高带宽、低延迟、高可靠等特性,因而通常需要研究专用的网络以满足这一要求。该文介绍了一种面向机群系统互连网络的基于i960VH的智能网卡的设计和实现方法,该网卡采用可编程逻辑器件EPLD实现网络接口设计,采用DMA方式提高网络传输带宽,采用全流水方式减小网络传输延迟,并通过将通讯协议下载到网卡上来执行以提高计算和通讯的重叠。实测表明,在不包括上层协议的情况下,网卡到网卡的传输延迟为3us,节点到节点数据传送带宽可达500Mbit/s。     

天河-1A互连系统的接口设计

NIC是高性能互连网络THNet的网络接口芯片,基于自主研发的通信协议,它高效地实现了无连接、零拷贝、用户级通信的RDMA传输机制,基于该机制的MPI实现具有极高的系统可扩展性。实现了基于控制报文触发的描述符队列处理机制,以支持卸载的聚合通信,包括广播和栅栏同步。使用NIC芯片的网络接口卡在测试中获得了1.57μs的最小单边延迟和6.34GB/s的带宽。NIC已成功应用于2010年TOP500排名世界第一的天河-1A超级计算机。     

集群局域网内高性能通信协议的研究

集群已经成为了主流的并行计算平台,但集群计算系统的性能受限于互连通信的开销、延时和带宽。随着技术的不断改进,通信瓶颈从原来通信路径上的带宽转移到通信处理的软件开销。为了充分发挥硬件通信性能,作者提出、研究、设计和实现了局域网内高性能通信协议。该协议的突出特点是充分利用了集群局域网的高速高可靠特点,简化协议处理开销,达到通信的高效性;提出了数据合并的思想,能将大量的小消息合并成大消息传输,能充分提高传输性能。经测试,该协议的性能比传统TCP/IP协议有较大改进。     

一种基于稳定簇的混合路由协议CBHRP

移动算组网是一种没有有线基础结构支持的移动网络,具有带宽有限和拓扑结构易变的特点。这些特点使得设计一个合适的路由协议具有一定的挑战性。该文针对移动自组网提出了一种基于稳定簇结构、按需路由和预先路由混合、支持单播和组播通信的路由协议CBHRP。CBHRP具有路由控制开销小、主机移动对拓扑结构改变的影响小、通信的初始延迟低和应用范围广的特点。     

Sockvia--机群环境中的高效socket

随着机群研究的蓬勃发展和高性能网络的出现,机群通信系统的性能得到了大幅度地提升,该文针对普通的网络应用程序高效地移植到机群高性能通信系统之中的问题展开研究,提出了机群环境中的高效socket——sockvia。sockvia利用核心级的VIA作为底层的支持协议,在操作系统核心中提供了与基于TCP/IP的socket完全兼容的socket编程界面和运行环境,使得网络应用程序无需修改源码和重新编译连接,可透明地移植到机群高性能通信系统之中,同时sockvia还表现出理想的通信性能,经过标准的netperf测试,sockvia在AMD64位平台上最低延迟为9.71usec,最高带宽可达1974.85Mbit/sec。     

S0ckvia——机群环境中的高效socket

随着机群研究的蓬勃发展和高性能网络的出现，机群通信系统的性能得到了大幅度地提升，该文针对普通的网络应用程序高效地移植到机群高性能通信系统之中的问题展开研究，提出了机群环境中的高效soeket——sockvia。sockvia利用核心级的VIA作为底层的支持协议，在操作系统核心中提供了与基于TCP／IP的socket完全兼容的socket编程界面和运行环境，使得网络应用程序无需修改源码和重新编译连接，可透明地移植到机群高性能通信系统之中，同时sockvia还表现出理想的通信性能，经过标准的netpelf测试，sockvia在AMD64住平台上最低延迟为9．71usec，最高带宽可达1974．85Mbit／sec。     

面向新一代众核处理器的高性能SNC的设计与验证

先进可扩展接口(AXI)是ARM公司推出的应用于高频系统的通道型总线,广泛应用于各种高性能SoC设计中.当前,通用处理器的主流是多核处理器,而多核处理器的主流是"通用DSP内核+应用专用核心"的异构融合结构.应用专用核心分为两种结构:同构多核和异构多核.在同构多核结构中,随着核数的增加,逐渐采用超节点结构,即在处理器中,几个内核构成一个超级节点,通过超级节点控制器实现片上网络与DSP内核之间的数据交互.在这项工作中,论文基于AXI总线,为新一代多核处理器设计了一种高性能、高带宽、低延迟的超级节点控制器.该超级节点控制器设计具有单独的读写数据通道,使用双向VALID和READY信号来实现握手机制,支持不对齐的数据传输、burst数据传输、广播操作、并支持乱序交易等.验证和综合结果表明,该超级节点控制器可以正确实现DSP内核与片上网络之间的数据交互,性能满足设计要求.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。