元素V对奥氏体焊缝金属晶间腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用透射电镜(TEM)分析技术研究了1Cr19Ni23N焊条熔敷金属中钒含量对组织及对熔敷金属抗晶间腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,低钒含量焊条熔敷金属组织中沿奥氏体晶界析出M23C6型富铬碳化物,在晶界附近形成贫铬层,导致晶间腐蚀的发生;高钒含量焊条熔敷金属组织中,V优先于Cr与C形成细小弥散的碳化钒分布在晶粒内部,使得该焊条在保持原较高碳含量的基础上,通过改变碳化物形态和分布达到了保持高强度和改善晶间腐蚀敏感性的目的.     

Nb对690镍基合金焊条熔敷金属组织与性能的影响

采用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）观察以及相图计算、拉伸试验、硬度试验,分析了Nb对三组690镍基合金焊条熔敷金属组织与性能的影响。结果表明：熔敷金属中的Nb以碳化物MC（M=Nb, Ti）相的形式析出。随着Nb含量的增加,熔敷金属中奥氏体晶粒的长大受到抑制,晶粒变细,晶界面积增大;随着Nb含量的增加,熔敷金属中的MC析出相增加,M23C6（M=Cr, Fe）析出相减少,晶界变得更加曲折,高温低塑性裂纹敏感性降低;随着Nb含量的增加,熔敷金属的硬度值和塑性提高。     

V含量及回火工艺对高强钢TIG焊熔敷金属组织性能的影响

采用四种不同V含量焊丝对高强钢板进行钨极氩弧焊试验,焊后对熔敷金属进行640 ℃保温2 h的回火处理. 研究了V含量和回火处理对熔敷金属微观组织及力学性能的影响. 结果表明,焊态及焊后回火态条件下,随着V含量的增加,熔敷金属强度升高,延伸率和冲击功降低,经回火处理后,不含V熔敷金属内晶界处析出M₂C碳化物,而含V熔敷金属内析出弥散分布的VC析出相,焊后回火过程中位错回复引起基体软化的作用高于M₂C及VC的析出强化作用,导致回火后强度降低,断后伸长率冲击吸收能量升高. 细小VC具有阻碍位错运动的作用,导致回火后含V熔敷金属仍保留较高的位错密度. 实际应用中应根据熔敷金属性能要求合理选择V含量及焊后回火工艺.     

铬含量对耐候钢熔敷金属韧性的影响

通过拉伸、冲击试验,利用金相显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜和电子背散射衍射技术分析了铬含量对耐候钢熔敷金属组织和韧性的影响.结果表明,两种熔敷金属的组织均为粒状贝氏体、针状铁素体和少量板条贝氏体.两种熔敷金属冲击韧性良好.与含1.0% Cr(质量分数)熔敷金属相比,含1.41% Cr熔敷金属中粒状贝氏体含量升高,针状铁素体含量降低,屈服强度增加6%,抗拉强度增加9%,冲击吸收功降低56%.此外,含1.41%Cr熔敷金属中M-A组元含量升高、大角度晶界比例下降、平均有效晶粒尺寸增加,显微裂纹的形核几率增加,裂纹扩展阻力降低,导致其韧性降低.     

Nb和N对SA-213TP310HCbN钢熔敷金属组织和力学性能的影响

采用自行研制的焊丝进行SA-213TP310HCb N耐热钢的TIG焊接试验,研究了焊丝中添加不同含量的Nb和N对熔敷金属组织和性能的影响。结果表明:SA-213TP310HCb N钢熔敷金属呈典型的胞状树枝晶,基体组织为奥氏体,析出相有Nb(C,N)、Cr_(23)C_6和富Cu相。在本文试验条件下,焊丝中增加N含量,熔敷金属的晶粒形态和第二相尺寸数量变化不大,熔敷金属的抗拉强度和屈服强度均提高,但冲击韧性有所降低;增加Nb含量后,熔敷金属的柱状形态明显,析出相尺寸明显增大,熔敷金属的强度无明显变化,冲击韧性明显降低。     

镍、铬对高强钢金属粉型药芯焊丝熔敷金属组织与性能的影响

向金属粉型药芯焊丝配方中添加不同含量的Ni、Cr,研究其对高强钢熔敷金属组织与性能的影响。结果表明:Ni、Cr对熔敷金属的强度、塑性与低温冲击韧性影响程度不同。Cr含量不变时,随着熔敷金属中Ni含量从2.78%增加到3.38%,针状铁素体、马氏体增多,贝氏体、侧板条铁素体含量减少,熔敷金属的强度和韧性变化不大,但塑性下降;Ni在提高抗拉强度方面作用有限,添加Cr可以进一步提高强度,但过量的Cr会造成韧性下降。在w(Ni)2.90%、w(Cr)0.45%时,以条状贝氏体为主的熔敷金属强度高、塑韧性好,综合力学性能最佳。     

稀土对奥氏体焊缝金属晶间腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等分析技术研究了加入 稀土前后1Cr19Ni23N焊条熔敷金属组织变化,讨论了稀土对奥氏体焊缝金属抗晶间腐蚀性能 的影响.结果表明,稀土的存在改善了焊条熔敷金属组织,强烈影响碳化物的数量、形态和 分布;与不加稀土时相比,焊缝中沿晶界析出碳化物的尺寸减小、数量减少、析出形态由网 状析出变为不连续的颗粒状,抗晶间腐蚀能力得到提高.     

埋弧药芯焊丝Nb、V合金元素含量对堆焊熔敷金属耐腐蚀性能的影响

1Cr13马氏体不锈钢常用于制造冶金轧辊、汽轮机叶片、泵轴等零件,这些零件因腐蚀产生的表面微缺陷常导致零件断裂失效,向堆焊熔敷金属中过渡适量特定合金元素,可有效改善其耐腐蚀性能。文中在1Cr13药芯焊丝配方的基础上,通过添加不同含量的铌铁和钒铁(3.2 wt.%、6 wt.%、10 wt.%)制备了三种埋弧药芯焊丝进行堆焊试验,分析堆焊熔敷金属的显微组织,并研究Nb、V含量对堆焊熔敷金属耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,随着药芯焊丝中铌铁和钒铁含量的增加,堆焊熔敷金属中析出相的数量逐渐增多,这些析出相为含Nb、V的碳氮化物,能有效抑制富Cr析出相的形成,提高基体中的有效Cr含量;大量均匀分布的析出相有利于腐蚀从多位置发生,促进了堆焊熔敷金属的均匀腐蚀,改善了堆焊熔敷金属的耐腐蚀性能。但含Nb和V的析出相过度析出会使基体中大量C、N原子脱溶,导致堆焊熔敷金属硬度下降。     

Ti-4.5Al-2.0V合金熔敷金属的组织和性能

Ti-4.5Al-2.0V合金熔敷金属的成分、组织和性能的初步研究结果表明该合金制成熔敷金属后,杂质元素N、H含量将明显增加;室温下,熔敷金属的抗拉强度高于基体金属,塑性则相反;350℃时,熔敷金属的抗拉强度和塑性值与基体金属相当;Al含量在较低的范围内波动时对熔敷金属的拉伸性能影响不大.     

气体含量及熔体热处理温度对K465高温合金初生MC碳化物形态的影响

采用真空熔炼炉,在不同熔体热处理温度下精炼K465合金,然后浇注持久性能试棒,分析气体含量和熔体热处理温度对K465合金初生MC碳化物形态的影响.结果表明,MC碳化物形态与合金熔体中氧和氮的总量即气体含量有关.在同一温度下,随着气体含量的增加,MC碳化物由骨架状经小颗粒+短杆状演变成颗粒状.氮和氧影响MC碳化物析出形态的方式不同,熔体中的氮通过形成MC碳化物的形核核心来影响MC碳化物的析出形态,而氧则是通过改变氮在熔体中的存在形式影响MC碳化物的析出形态.提高熔体热处理温度可以增大初生MC碳化物以颗粒状形态析出的趋势,但相比于气体含量其影响较小.     

Roles of bulk carbon content on grain size,carbide reactions and intergranular rupture life in 2.25cr martensitic heat resistant steels

The steel of a higher bulk carbon content shows the denser precipitation distribution of carbides after the solution treatment followed by tempering. Such a carbide distribution produces the smaller prior austenite grain size after the welding simulation at a high temperature. Because the equilibrium segregation concentration of phosphorus decreases with decreasing prior austenite grain size, the specimen of the higher bulk carbon content shows therefore the longer intergranular rupture life. The rupture life is also increased by the partitioning of phosphorus pre-segregated at prior austenite grain boundary/carbide interfaces onto the fresh surface of precipitates formed on the surface of pre-formed carbides. The intergranular rupture life is additionally increased by the repulsive segregation between carbon and phosphorus which decreases the overall phosphorus segregation concentration at the prior austenite grain boundaries.     

TMCP工艺对双相不锈钢2205厚板性能的影响

利用热轧机组轧制试验研究了热机械控制(TMCP)工艺及轧后辊道待温时间对双相不锈钢2205厚板综合性能的影响。结果表明,TMCP态与热轧退火态相比铁素体含量更高;抗拉强度和硬度提高较多;塑性、低温冲击韧性和耐点腐蚀性能相当。随着辊道待温时间的增加,铁素体含量不断减少,相界处锯齿状奥氏体增多并最终融合形成岛状奥氏体。同时材料的抗拉强度、硬度和冲击韧性先增大后减小,在150 s时达到最大;耐点腐蚀性能则逐渐下降。     

Si-Mn-Mo系低碳贝氏体钢焊接热影响区的脆化机理

用焊接热模拟,普通光学金相,透射、扫描电镜及电子探针,X射线和常规拉伸、冲出等手段研究了一种新型Si-Mn-Mo系低碳贝氏体钢焊接热影响区过热区的组织和性能的关系,重点探讨了过热区的脆化机理.结果表明,在焊接热模拟条件下,原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸是影响机械性能的主要因素.少量准下贝氏体与低碳马氏体的混合组织具有最佳的强韧性配合.随线能量增加,影响韧性的主要因素是奥氏体晶粒粗化以及高温时碳原子在奥氏体晶界及其附近的偏聚;而且碳原子的这种偏聚是经过较高线能量热循环后出现沿晶脆性断口的主要原因.粒状贝氏体及粒状组织中的M-A岛不是该钢焊接热影响区过热区脆化的原因.     

热处理对镍基合金G3耐蚀性能的影响

针对国产商用镍基耐蚀合金G3,采用TEM、SEM等方法研究固溶时效对合金微观组织及析出相的影响;进而利用高温高压釜的挂片试验,分析组织变化以及析出相对材料在H2S/CO2共存的井下水中耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,该镍基合金的固溶温度应低于1150℃,以避免合金晶粒过大。随时效温度的提高,晶界析出的M23C6碳化物增多,并在晶内形成M6C片状碳化物。析出相的形成导致镍基合金的点蚀加剧,由于碳化铬在晶界上析出而导致的贫铬是引发点蚀的主要原因。     

Effect of Aging Isothermal Time on the Microstructure and Room-Temperature Impact Toughness of Fe–24.8Mn–7.3Al–1.2C Austenitic Steel with κ-Carbides Precipitation

The microstructure and impact toughness of the as-cast Fe–24.8Mn–7.3Al–1.2C austenitic steel after solution treatment and subsequent aging treatment were investigated in the present work. Research on the κ-carbides precipitation behavior was carried out by transmission electron microscope. The results show that nano-sized coherent κ-carbides were obtained in the as-solutionized steel after aging treatment, which produced precipitation hardening. After being aging treated at 550 °C for 1 h, the steel with regular hexagonal grain structure exhibited a good combination of yield strength (~?574 MPa) and room-temperature impact toughness (~?168 J). In the present steel, the typical cube-on-cube orientation relationship between austenite and κ-carbides was observed. However, due to the long aging isothermal time and high C content, the coarse intergranular κ′-carbide was formed and grew along the austenite grain boundary, which caused this orientation relationship to be destroyed and a dramatical increase of the coherency strain energy at grain boundary. Furthermore, serious embrittlement of grain boundaries caused that cleavage cracks trend to propagate along the grain boundaries. Accordingly, the room-temperature impact toughness decreased sharply. After aging isothermal time prolonging to 13 h, the Charpy V-notch impact toughness was only ~?5 J and fracture mode turned to fully brittle fracture accompanied with flat facets, shear cracks and well-developed secondary crack.     

Grain refinement and mechanical properties of asymmetrically rolled low carbon steel

The formation of fine ferrite grains by the asymmetric rolling of low carbon steel and their mechanical properties were studied. Super-cooled low carbon austenite was deformed by asymmetric rolling at 750 °C with a roll size ratio of 1.5 and immediately cooled at various cooling rates ranging from 3 °C/s to 15 °C/s. Fine ferrite grains (∼2 μm) were formed after asymmetric rolling, preferentially at the prior austenite grain boundaries. The volume fraction of the fine ferrite grains increased with increasing rolling reduction. A ferrite plus pearlite microstructure was obtained at smaller strains and slower cooling rates. However, after heavy deformation, a fine ferrite grain structure with carbide particles dispersed at the ferrite grain boundaries was obtained and the pearlite structure was not observed even after very slow cooling, which implies that most of the ferrite grains were formed dynamically, i.e. during deformation. The yield strength of the asymmetrically rolled steel plates increased with increasing deformation; however, the yield ratio also increased with increasing rolling reduction. The best combination of strength and yield ratio was obtained by using a low level of deformation and a high cooling rate, in which case a portion of the untransformed austenite transformed to martensite.     

Influence of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and properties of AISI304 austenitic stainless steel A-TIG weld

Appropriate deep cryogenic treatment can improve comprehensive mechanical properties of the AISI304 austenitic stainless steel activating flux tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) welds. The microstructure of the welds before and after deep cryogenic treatment was all austenite with a small amount of δ-ferrite. The vermiform ferrite + austenite distributed in the whole weld, but the lath-shaped ferrite + austenite mixed components only distributed in the centre of the weld. The phases in the two welds were all Cr–Ni–Fe–C and Fe–Ni solid solutions, ferric carbide (i.e. Fe₃C) and chromic carbides (i.e. Cr₂₃C₆ and Cr₇C₃). After deep cryogenic treatment, the grain size of the weld was decreased a certain of degree, and the carbide phase content was increased. The strength and micro-hardness of the weld joints were increased due to the grain refinement. The intergranular corrosion resistance of the weld was reduced because the precipitation of chromium carbides at the austenite grain boundary.