大型钢锭冷至室温与再加热工艺的研究

本文提出了在650℃以下控制一定的冷却或加热速度,使大型钢锭内部产生的瞬时热应力低于此温度下的屈服强度,就可以避免冷却或加热过程中产生裂纹.并计算出650℃以下的临界安全冷却或加热速度.根据此速度制订了工艺曲线.实践证明此原理和工艺是可行的.     

第三类边界条件下大型圆柱体钢锭加热的应力模型

根据传热学原理,从钢锭在第三类边界边界条件下的温度计算模型出发,结合钢锭的弹性模量、泊松比和线膨胀系数建立了钢锭加热过程的热应力变化模型,模型计算表明:在钢锭的表面与中心温差达到最大时,轴向应力峰值在钢锭表面达到最大正值,在钢锭中心达到最大负值,随后逐渐减小;切向应力和径向应力在钢锭的表面有最大应力峰值生成,从表面到中心,应力逐渐减小,在中心处,应力值为0。随加热时间的延长和表面温度的升高,钢锭表面与中心温差值的减小,轴向应力、切向应力和径向应力都变为0。模型为常温钢锭安全加热过程的炉温参数设置提供了理论依据。     

高温装炉加热时钢锭温度场和应力场分布规律研究

根据钢锭表面的温升情况确定了高温装炉下的保温时间,利用Deform-3D软件对钢锭高温装炉时的加热过程进行模拟,得到了钢锭在加热时的温度场和应力场分布情况。结果表明,高温装炉能有效减少钢锭的加热时间;高温装炉时因钢锭初期升温速度较快,钢锭心部的三向拉应力增加,表心温差也随之增加,但温差减小较快。实验结果与模拟结果吻合良好,从而验证了模拟模型的可靠性。     

大型钢锭在高温炉中加热时导温系数的计算

计算大型钢锭在加热炉中加热的数学模型中要涉及到钢锭导温系数的选择,本文给出计算钢锭导温系数的方法,取热惰性系数为38000,计算钢锭加热温度随时间的变化曲线,所得曲线与实验曲线符合得较好。     

长轴类大锻件锻前加热工艺规范的优化

大型钢锭的加热为非线性过程,其心部温度无法直接探测,如何制定合理的大型钢锭加热工艺规范成为大型锻件锻造过程中首要解决的关键技术问题.采用Deform-3D软件对某船用螺旋桨轴锻造用钢锭锻前加热工艺规范进行了数值模拟,对加热过程中的温度场及应力场进行了分析,并对加热过程中安全性进行了评估.在此基础上,对加热工艺规范进行了...     

长轴类大锻件锻前加热工艺的研究

根据某船用螺旋桨轴用材料及尺寸特点,制定出合理的锻前加热工艺规范,并以Deform-3D软件为分析手段,采用有限元法对该加热规范进行了数值模拟,对钢锭加热过程中温度场和应力场进行了分析.结果表明,采用在800℃和1220℃进行保温的四段式加热方式,可保证钢锭锻造部分的心部温度在加热结束后达到1000℃以上,能较好地满足锻造始锻温度的要求.     

Simufact Forming在模拟30CrNi2MoV钢锭加热及锻造过程的应用

运用Gleeble 3800热模拟机对30CrNi2MoV钢进行高温拉伸热模拟,结果显示,在锻造温度≥800℃时,断面收缩率≥93.8%,应力-应变曲线表现为塑性变形;锻造温度在800℃以下为脆性变形。运用Simufact Forming模拟9 t大钢锭的加热过程、锻造成形过程,通过将加热模型与锻造模型数据有机结合起来,精准控制终锻温度在800℃以上,确保终锻变形处于塑性变形区,降低了锻材形变过程的裂纹敏感性,有效地防止了锻造过程产生深裂纹,从而改善了钢材表面质量。并将模拟结果与实践生产进行对比验证,结果表明,实际终锻温度与模拟温度相差不超过10℃,表明模拟模型可以接受。此外,将9 t大钢锭的加热时间优化为21 h,避免了加热时间过长造成的能源浪费以及材料组织晶粒粗大影响力学性能。     

铸钢锭凝固过程数值模拟和缩孔缩松预测

用有限元法对22t钢锭凝固过程进行了模拟,计算中采用了Galerkin方法和八节点等参数单元,同时考虑钢锭和锭模界面上初期紧密接触和后期气隙形成过程中界面热阻的变化。建立的模型具有通用性,能够处理各种不同类型的边界条件和变热物性参数,用等效凝固收缩量法预测钢锭冒口部位缩孔的位置和大小,用经适当修正后的G/(?)参数(G-温度梯度,R-冷却速度)预测钢锭内部缩松。计算温度与实测温度基本吻合。     

基于AnyCasting的长细钢锭铸造成型数值仿真

为了获得力学性能、表面质量、内部组织优良的某型电极坯用长细钢锭,分析了其铸造原理及工艺。运用有限元铸造仿真软件AnyCasting建立了长细钢锭铸造成型的数值仿真模型,对其在铸造成型过程中的钢液流动速度、温度、缺陷概率及碳偏析变化趋势及分布规律进行了数值仿真。结果表明:在长细钢锭铸造成型过程中,钢液流动速度由中心向两侧逐渐减小;温度和碳偏析最大值主要分布在钢锭中心位置,分布区域呈沿长度方向的长椭圆状;缺陷主要分布在上端中心位置处,区域呈沿长度方向的细长椭圆状。该研究结果能为细长钢锭铸造产品质量提升提供参考。     

第三类边界条件下大圆柱形钢锭的加热计算

有效地预测大圆柱形钢锭的加热温度是许多大型锻造厂和轧钢厂非常关注的重要课题之一.本文给出了导热微分方程的解析解,研究了大圆柱形钢锭的加热特点,分析了加热速度、钢锭断面尺寸以及加热炉温度对钢锭表面到温时间和中心到温时间的影响,指出了保证加热质量的关钵和缩短加热时间的途径.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.