Si-Al-Zr-O系超微细晶复相陶瓷研究

回顾了目前Si-Al-Zr-O系超微细晶复相陶瓷的主要研究方法并分析了这些方法的特点.针对应用超微细粉致密化制备Si-Al-Zr-O系陶瓷材料存在的烧结温度高(一般高于1500℃),致密化难,增韧相种类有限且成本高等问题,提出了一种新的制备方法——非晶原位受控晶化法,在较低温度1100~1200℃下制得均匀、致密、高可靠性的Si-Al-Zr-O系超微细晶复相陶瓷.该方法能有效避免高温烧结以及烧结过程中纳米粉末的团聚和晶粒异常长大,实现显微结构的有效控制,是一种具有发展前景的制备技术.     

Si-Al-Zr-O系非晶晶化过程研究

借助DSC、XRD、SEM和TEM等技术探讨了Si-Al-Zr-O(SAZ)系非晶的原位受控晶化过程. 结果表明, SAZ系非晶在900℃左右存在分相, 形成富Si区和富Zr、Al区. 在920~950℃间, 开始成核析出初晶相四方氧化锆, 并从富Al区形成Al-Si尖晶石相. 当温度升高至1000℃时, 莫来石晶相开始生成. 温度进一步升高, Al-Si尖晶石相消失, 四方氧化锆、莫来石成为主晶相, 同时生成了方石英. 其中, 莫来石是通过过渡相Al-Si 尖晶石与非晶二氧化硅反应得到.     

氧化锆粉体的Rietveld方法X射线衍射定量相分析

对以不同温度和时间进行热处理的氧化锆粉体,利用X射线步长衍射数据及Rietveld修正方法进行了相含量的定量分析．结果表明,以500℃热处理2h的氧化锆粉体为立方和四方二相混合物（重量比为48：52）．在700℃热处理2h,立方相已消失,部分四方相也相变成单斜相,四方相与单斜相的重量比为35：65．800℃及900℃分别热处理8h及2h都得到接近纯单斜相的氧化锆粉体,四方相的含量分别为5wt％和1wt％．文中也讨论了热处理温度和时间对氧化锆粉体晶粒大小的影响．     

电熔急冷工艺制备Ca—PSZ的特性分析

采用电熔融喷吹法制备不同氧化钙含量部分稳定氧化锆粉体（Ca—PSz），发现以该粉体为原料的制品在烧结过程中易出现开裂现象，采用阿基米德法和X射线衍射仪分析经不同温度和时间热处理的样品的密度和相组成寻找造成开裂的原因。研究发现：用熔融喷吹法制备的氧化钙部分稳定氧化锆粉体中稳定相一部分为Ca抖稳定氧化锆，一部分为粒径尺寸小于相变临界尺寸的无稳定剂介稳氧化锆；1200℃下热处理电熔喷吹法制备的部分稳定氧化锆粉体可促进其微观形貌的完善和晶粒的长大，提高样品密度；当热处理温度为1500℃，晶粒尺寸超过相变临界尺寸（〉14．34nm），样品中的介稳相氧化锆会分解生成单斜相氧化锆，导致样品稳定度和密度急剧降低。     

Ti（1-x）CoxO2的溶胶-凝胶法制备与结构

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了Ti（1-x）CoxO2样品。研究了不同的热处理温度和掺杂浓度对样品晶型和颗粒尺寸的影响。样品400℃热处理呈锐钛矿相，600℃转变为全红石相并且晶粒尺寸明显增大。掺杂对晶型没有影响，但是随掺杂量的增大晶格常数减小。     

离子束溅射La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ薄膜的XRD和XPS研究

采用离子束溅射法在氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（YSZ）和铝酸镧（LaAlO3）上溅射RE0.5Sr0．5CoO3-δ薄膜，测试了薄膜的XRD、XPS谱、分析了表面微结构及化学状态。实验表明。随着热处理温度的升高。La0．5Sr0．5CoO3-δ薄膜在YSZ和LaAlO3上生长时有取向增强的趋势，并且晶粒度增大，晶格氧减少。氧空位增加。氧输运性能提高。当热处理温度为750℃时薄膜结晶度最好，晶粒度最大，氧输运性能最好。     

亚纳米BaTiO3基铁电陶瓷的结构相变

本文研究了掺加部分稳定氧化锆（ＰＳＺ）的亚纳米基铁电陶瓷的结构相变。研究表明，ＰＳＺ的细度、分散度及在三维空间的分布和扩散状态，对亚纳米陶瓷的相结构和显微结构有很大影响。适量的ＰＳＺ的加入，使ＢａＴｉＯ３陶瓷晶粒的生长受到阻滞，掺量越大，晶粒越小，因而晶粒由四方晶型向假立方晶型转变；若掺量较大，则能促进核－壳结构的发育。这二者都可改善亚纳米Ｂdisplay status     

铅对(Pbx,Sr1-x)0.85Bi0.1TiO3薄膜结构与介电可调性影响的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了（Pbx，Sr1-x）0．85Bi0．1TiO3薄膜，对其晶相结构、微观形貌和介电可调性进行了研究．结果表明，该薄膜以钙钛矿形式存在．快速热处理过程可分解得到高活性离子，直接形成比相应温度平衡状态析晶时更多的晶相量．这种晶相在一定条件下有分解和再结晶的趋势．随着Pb^2＋离子增加和Sr^2＋离子减少，钙钛矿相的四方相与立方相间的转变温度升高．薄膜处在铁电相和顺电相转变点附近时，可以获得较大的可调性．     

掺镍对钛酸钡陶瓷结构及介电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备均匀掺镍钛酸钡纳米晶粉体及其陶瓷.通过XRD和SEM对掺镍钛酸钡粉体及陶瓷进行表征,并测定陶瓷的介电性能,主要研究掺镍量对钛酸钡陶瓷的相组成、显微组织和介电性能的影响.结果表明:采用Sol-gel法制得掺镍钛酸钡基纳米晶立方相粉体(25nm),经烧结后可得到四方相钛酸钡.氧化镍在钛酸钡陶瓷中的溶解限约为0.9 at.%(约为固相掺杂时的2倍);掺镍量低于此溶解限时,随着掺镍量的增大,陶瓷晶粒的长大趋势受到抑制,陶瓷的居里温度降低;当掺镍量高于此溶解限时,陶瓷晶粒长大,陶瓷的居里温度保持在85℃;随掺镍量的增加,陶瓷最大介电常数εm呈先增大后减小的趋势.     

镧铈混合掺杂氧化钛纳米粉体晶型转变的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在不同的热处理温度下制备了稀土镧铈掺杂的不同晶型的TiO2纳米粉体。用X射线衍射仪,透射电子显微镜对所制备的TiO2纳米粉体进行表征,分析在不同热处理温度下制备的TiO2纳米粉体的晶粒尺寸及晶相组成,研究热处理温度对晶型转变的影响。研究表明:与未掺杂的TiO2晶型转变温度650℃相比较,稀土镧铈混合掺杂大大的抑制了TiO2锐钛矿向金红石晶相的转变,且在800℃煅烧温度以下,平均晶粒在15nm之内;当达到晶相转变温度时,晶粒突增到49nm。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.