多级离心泵内部间隙流动与泄漏损失

为研究多级离心泵前后密封口环对整体水力性能和容积损失的影响,以某高压离心泵为分析模型,建立叶轮、导叶和密封环一体化的整体模型并进行了三维流场模拟,得到不同工况下多级泵的水力性能和口环间隙泄漏量,分析间隙内的流场结构.结果表明,考虑环形间隙结构的全模型性能预测结果与试验值取得较好的一致,在设计点附近的泄漏量预测值与经验公式计算结果接近.高压多级离心泵内部泄漏损失对性能存在明显的影响,间隙内的回流和叶片出口处的损失随流量增加而减小,相反地,叶轮入口处的损失因流量和间隙泄漏量增加而增大.     

基于非定常空化流动的离心泵涡旋结构数值分析

To elucidate the formation mechanism of the vortex structure in cavitation flow, the unsteady cavitation flow field of the centrifugal pump was investigated by simulation. The two-dimensional vortex structure on the mid-section was examined based on the method with velocity components. The vorticity on the blade surface and the evolution of the periodicity was compared. In addition to investigate the three-dimensional vortex structure in the impeller passage, the new Omega vortex identification method was also utilized. The results show that: as the NPSHa decreases, the cavity coverage area grows progressively, and the local vortices emerge and the flow in the pump becomes disordered. Due to the effect of cavitation flow field, the vortex structure is mostly formed and evolved on the blade suction surface. During the critical cavitation, the vortex is also detached the blade surface as the cavity rolls up. At the effect of rotor-stator interaction, the blade trailing vortex sheds and attaches to the volute wall at the front end of the tongue. According to the Omega method, the structure of the three-dimensional vortex within the cavity is stable. At the critical cavitation condition, the structure of the three-dimensional vortex downstream of the impeller passage is fragmented and disordered.     

低比转速离心泵驼峰稳定性及其影响因素研究

为了提高低比转速离心泵的效率,一般会将叶轮叶片出口角加大一些,但会引起H-Q曲线有驼峰,导致泵在小流量区运行不稳定。本文以国内某水泵厂生产的比转速为47的单级单吸式离心泵为研究对象,采用正交试验法选择叶轮出口边斜切比、出口角度、叶轮轴线倾斜角度、叶片包角、叶片进口边位置5个因素,每个因素采用4个水平,一共16个叶轮设计方案;针对每个方案进行数值模拟,得到其外特性曲线;利用极差分析法研究5个因素对特性曲线形状以及泵额定工况下扬程、效率的影响,得到影响特性曲线稳定性的因素主次顺序依次为叶片进口边位置、叶轮出口边斜切、叶轮轴线倾斜角度、出口角度、叶片包角;利用分析得到的结果得出叶轮的优化组合方案,对该方案进行数值模拟验证。结果表明:优化方案的H-Q曲线稳定且泵的扬程和效率分别提升2.2%和1.4%;从优化前后的叶轮流场中分析消除驼峰的机理,得到驼峰工况区内叶轮进口处的能量损失占据主导,进口边位置的前移减小进口处的能量损失,同时叶轮出口边斜切与轴面倾斜使叶轮出口处相对速度变化减小,“射流–尾迹”现象减弱甚至消失,损失大幅减小。     

离心泵变工况流场及叶轮流体激振力研究

目前采用势流理论计算离心泵叶轮的流体激振问题的结果不佳,对离心泵三维流场进行了定常和非定常计算,分析了不同工况下离心泵蜗壳内的压力分布情况,研究了不同工况下的离心泵叶轮上的稳态和瞬态作用力的变化规律.计算结果表明,稳态作用力在不同工况下的计算值能较好符合实验数据,离心泵偏离设计工况时稳态作用力会显著增加;瞬态作用力与叶轮和隔舌的干涉流动有很大关系,不同工况下瞬态作用力呈周期变化,其变化频率与叶片通过频率基本一致,随流量增大其幅值也显著增大.对稳态和瞬态作用力进行深入研究可以为离心泵叶轮流固耦合振动分析打下基础,有利于离心泵叶轮转子系统的减振降噪.     

节段式多级离心泵全三维湍流场的数值模拟

选取工业中常用的DF型多级离心泵作为研究对象,数值计算使用了FLUENT软件及其RNG k-ε湍流模型和多重参考坐标系,实现了节段式多级离心泵任意一整级（包括叶轮导叶在内）的全三维流场的数值模拟.模拟结果显示在叶轮出口与导叶入口衔接处,叶轮出流因受到导叶叶片头部的阻挡干扰,导致局部流体逆叶轮旋转方向运动.液流的静压值在正导叶出口附近达到泵级内最大值,进入反导叶后因沿程出现的水力损失静压值略有降低.计算结果得到了泵外特性实测值的验证.     

径向导叶式多级泵单级叶轮切割的三维数值模拟

为探究径向导叶式压出室离心泵叶轮切割后性能的变化,基于N-S方程、标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法对MD-280-42×4多级离心清水泵单级叶轮外径切割进行三维湍流数值计算,分析不同切割量下径向导叶式离心泵外特性和内部流动变化。结果表明:在设计工况(Q_d=0.078 m3/s)下,随着切割量的增加,径向导叶式离心泵的水力效率、轴功率均呈现下降趋势;在相同小流量工况下,随着切割量的增加,叶轮与导叶间隙和反导叶流道处流动损失逐渐减小,水力效率呈现上升趋势;在相同大流量工况下,随着切割量的增加,正反导叶流道流动均匀性受到较严重破坏,产生了较大的能量耗散,水力效率明显下降。       

离心泵部分负载下进口二次回流成因分析及验证

为探讨离心叶轮在部分负载下进口回流的成因以及其对离心泵运行的影响,应用理论分析与实验方法对强制涡压力分布特点、叶轮入口二次回流产生的原因进行分析,采用数值模拟方案对一比转速为66的泵进行数值计算,探讨在不同流量下叶轮进口速度与压力分布规律,对比叶片进口切割前后的泵外特性,分析入口回流对泵外特性的影响。结果表明:强制涡中压力随着半径增大按抛物线规律上升;二次回流产生的原因在于部分工况下旋转叶轮形成叶轮入口黏性流体的强制涡产生不同半径上的压力差,回流对消除流量扬程曲线的驼峰有积极作用。本文对离心泵部分负载下进口回流成因的探讨以及深入认识离心泵流动原理提供了一定的参考。     

多相混输泵动叶轮流道内气相分布规律研究

为了揭示多相混输泵动叶轮流道内含气率的分布规律,基于标准k-ε湍流模型,以空气和纯水作为两相介质,采用Fluent软件在进口含气率为30%的工况下对泵内两相流态进行模拟,分析不同叶高下的气相分布特性。研究表明:在首级动叶轮叶片压力面轮毂附近的气相体积分数最大,而在次级和末级动叶轮叶片压力面上的气相体积分数基本相同;在不同压缩级动叶轮0.5倍叶高处,从动叶轮进口到出口,首级动叶轮叶片吸力面上的气相体积分数比次级和末级大;从轮毂到轮缘首级动叶轮叶片压力面上的气相体积分数与次级和末级动叶轮叶片压力面上的气相体积分数的差值逐渐减小,而在吸力面却逐渐增加。本文的研究结果为提高多相混输泵输送效率及运行稳定性提供了参考。     

基于水力损失计算的离心泵叶轮叶片出口安放角选择方法

为提高离心泵的效率,在泵叶轮内水力损失计算的基础上,通过推导建立叶轮水力效率和流量、转速、叶片数、比转速、出口安放角及叶轮设计系数的函数关系。据此关系,针对一台Q=100 m3/h、H=34 m、n=2 900 r/min的泵,编写性能预测程序,得出不同叶片数、不同k₀取值下的叶片出口安放角和水力效率的关系,可知当叶片数Z=5、β₂=29°、k₀=4.2时,叶轮水力效率最高。按设计参数设计叶轮,并构建叶轮和蜗壳模型,利用FULENT软件对其内部流场进行数值模拟,得出在设计参数下泵的水力效率达到89.43%,证明了用所提出的方法可以设计出高效的离心泵叶轮。     

Effects of mesh style and grid convergence on numerical simulation accuracy of centrifugal pump

In order to evaluate the effects of mesh generation techniques and grid convergence on pump performance in centrifugal pump model, three widely used mesh styles including structured hexahedral, unstructured tetrahedral and hybrid prismatic/tetrahedral meshes were generated for a centrifugal pump model. And quantitative grid convergence was assessed based on a grid convergence index(GCI), which accounts for the degree of grid refinement. The structured, unstructured or hybrid meshes are found to have certain difference for velocity distributions in impeller with the change of grid cell number. And the simulation results have errors to different degrees compared with experimental data. The GCI-value for structured meshes calculated is lower than that for the unstructured and hybrid meshes. Meanwhile, the structured meshes are observed to get more vortexes in impeller passage.Nevertheless, the hybrid meshes are found to have larger low-velocity area at outlet and more secondary vortexes at a specified location than structured meshes and unstructured meshes.     

Numerical assessment on improving multistage centrifugal impeller performance by changing inlet skew angle at impeller inlet

Multistage centrifugal impellers with four different skew angles were investigated by using computational fluid dynamics. The purpose of this work is to investigate the influences of lean angle at the blade tip of the impeller inlet. Four variations of lean angles, that is, 8°, 10°, 15° and 20°, were made at first stage impeller. Reynolds Average Navier Stokes equation was used in simulation together with a shear-stress transport (SST) k-w turbulence model and mixing-plane approach, respectively. Three dimensional fluid flows were simplified using periodic model to reduce the computational cost and time required. A good performance was expected that the secondary flow can be effectively reduced in the flow passage of the impeller without excessive increase in manufacturing cost caused by the secondary flow. The results show that secondary flow affects the main flow intricately to form vortices or having non-uniform velocity in the flow passage, which in turn results in substantial fluid energy loss not only in the impeller but also in the guide vane downstream of impeller. The numerical solutions were performed and allowed the optimum design and operating conditions to be obtained.     

利用轴向力预测离心压缩机的级密封状态

根据离心压缩机转子所承受的、可实时监测的轴向力与级密封间隙的关系,提出了基于轴向力的离心压缩机级密封状态的预测方法.在分析叶轮两侧缝隙内泄漏气体流动的基础上,采用计算流体动力学方法对其进行仿真,得到轮盘及轮盖上的压力分布,由此计算出轴向力.把不同级密封间隙值及对应的轴向力作为输出、输入向量,对BP神经网络进行训练,以获得在线状态预测模型.测试结果表明,该模型对离心压缩机级密封的状态预测是有效的.     

长短叶片半开式离心叶轮内部流动的数值模拟

为了分析分流叶片对于半开式离心叶轮内部流动的影响，对轴向间隙为1.1 mm的4长叶片和4长4短叶片的两种半开式低比转速高速离心叶轮进行了研究.采用S A湍流模型和雷诺时均N-S方程，对叶轮内部的流动进行了三维紊流数值计算和分析；并对离心泵进行了试验研究.数值计算结果表明，分流短叶片可以改善叶轮内部的流动；两个叶轮内部的静压力都由叶片进口到出口逐渐升高，等静压曲线几乎是沿圆周方向的；具有分流叶片的叶轮出口的压力系数较高.实验结果表明，具有分流叶片的叶轮离心泵的扬程和效率较高，说明分流叶片可以提高离心泵的性能.     

轴流泵前置导轮的设计与研究

根据轴流泵的特点,参考离心泵诱导轮的设计方法,对轴流泵前置导轮的设计与配套作了初步研究,主要内容包括:导轮的布置和轴面尺寸的拟定;导轮的计算截面的划分和叶片进出口安放角计算;利用螺旋线对导轮的叶片绘形等等.经过如此设计的前置导轮装于轴流泵进口,能够减轻轴流泵的汽蚀和改善主叶轮的进口流态,这在试验中已经得到了初步验证.由此证明如此设计是合理可行的.     

基于Pro/E的离心泵叶轮与蜗壳实体造型研究

叶轮与蜗壳是离心泵重要的组成部分,它们的制作精确程度和耦合性直接影响离心泵水利性能。为 能更好地改善叶轮与蜗壳耦合处产生的流动损失,以Pro/E为设计平台,提出叶轮木模图及蜗壳二维投影图的分析 及测绘方法,结合Pro/E中“偏移坐标系基准点”等命令,实现叶轮扭曲叶片及蜗壳的实体精准造型,并通过Fluent 进行数值模拟。压力和速度分布图显示叶轮与蜗壳耦合处压力和速度呈均匀规律性变化,扬程计算显示符合设计 要求。分析结果证明,此种绘图方式不仅精确、快速、灵活,还能够改善叶轮与蜗壳耦合处的流动损失,为后续流场 数值分析奠定基础。     

Multi-objective optimization of a mixed-flow pump impeller using modified NSGA-II algorithm

In order to maintain a uniform distribution of pareto-front solutions, a modified NSGA-II algorithm coupled with a dynamic crowding distance(DCD) method is proposed for the multi-objective optimization of a mixed-flow pump impeller. With the pump meridional section fixed, ten variables along the shroud and hub are selected to control the blade load by using a three-dimensional inverse design method. Hydraulic efficiency, along with impeller head, is applied as an optimization objective; and a radial basis neural network(RBNN) is adopted to approximate the objective function with 82 training samples. Local sensitivity analysis shows that decision variables have different impacts on the optimization objectives. Instead of randomly selecting one solution to implement, a technique for ordering preferences by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) is introduced to select the best compromise solution(BCS) from pareto-front sets. The proposed method is applied to optimize the baseline model, i.e. a mixed- flow waterjet pump whose specific speed is 508 min?1?m3s?1?m. The performance of the waterjet pump was experimentally tested. Compared with the baseline model, the optimized impeller has a better hydraulic efficiency of 92% as well as a higher impeller head at the design operation point. Furthermore, the off-design performance is improved with a wider highefficiency operation range. After optimization, velocity gradients on the suction surface are smoother and flow separations are eliminated at the blade inlet part. Thus, the authors believe the proposed method is helpful for optimizing the mixed-flow pumps.     

基于轴向力的离心压缩机级密封的状态预测方法

本文讨论离心压缩机级密封状态的评估问题。根据离心压缩机转子所承受的、可实时监测的轴向力与级密封间隙的关系,提出了基于轴向力的离心压缩机级密封状态的预测方法。在分析叶轮两侧缝隙内泄漏气体流动的基础上,采用计算流体动力学方法对其进行仿真,得到轮盘及轮盖上的压力分布,由此计算出轴向力。把不同级密封间隙值及对应的轴向力作为输出、输入向量,对BP神经网络进行训练,以获得在线状态评估模型。测试结果表明,该模型对离心压缩机级密封的状态预测方法是有效的。     

含沙水下粒径对螺旋离心泵磨蚀效应的数值分析

为研究含沙水中固相颗粒粒径对螺旋离心泵磨蚀的影响,采用N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型对螺旋离心泵的内部流场进行数值模拟计算。结果表明,在含沙量一定时,颗粒的粒径对磨蚀影响显著,且随着粒径的增加,叶轮域的体积浓度梯度变化不均匀,更加促进了磨蚀效应,尤其对叶轮的轮缘磨损最为严重。       

逆向与正向结合的导叶式混流泵叶片系统反求设计

以某型混流式核主泵的叶轮叶片和导水机构叶片为研究对象,采用在逆向设计的基础上,正向设计校核迭代的技术来探索一条不破坏产品的前提下反求导叶式混流泵的复杂叶片系统的曲面几何数据方法。在不能获取叶片系统的完整曲面数据的情况下,采用叶片数字化设计方法建立沿回转流面上叶型曲线为参数线以便于修改控制的原始叶片系统的近似三维曲面几何模型,并将该模型与其他过流部件组成泵的全流道模型,在0.2~1.2Q_d（设计流量）范围进行泵的全流道流场数值模拟,预测计算出外特性,再与原泵的试验外特性对比,以评估反求的叶片系统流道曲面的准确性。工程应用实践表明,该方法既保证了反求精度又较好地解决了泵的叶片系统反求设计问题。     

带前置导叶离心压缩机非定常流动的数值模拟

利用CFX对无导叶和前置导叶大预旋角度下离心压缩机内部流动进行了数值模拟,分析了叶轮表面的压力分布规律.前置导叶正预旋40°的非定常流动计算结果显示,导叶及叶轮表面均发生了流动分离,导致流场内产生了较大的压力波动,波动主频率为2 422 Hz,叶轮流道内旋涡的周期性发展是导致叶片表面压力波动的主要原因.