一种新型太阳敏感器

太阳敏感器是卫星姿态控制系统中常用的一种光电敏感器.当卫星控制系统转入应急模式时,太阳敏感器的宽视场快速捕获太阳尤为重要.本文设计了一种梯形狭缝式太阳敏感器,该敏感器具有大的检测视场(157°)且可满足大太阳角(最大175°)下的应用,而采用梯形狭缝设计可大幅度减小太阳角大范围变化对太阳脉冲宽度的影响,从而便于后续处理电路的设计.实际的在轨飞行试验中验证了这种太阳敏感器的实用性.     

基于FPGA的高可靠数字太阳敏算法研究

数字太阳敏是卫星姿态控制系统的敏感部件,对提高小卫星数字太阳敏系统的可靠性及精度具有重要意义.提出了基于FPGA的高可靠数字太阳敏算法,首先介绍了数字太阳敏系统原理,分析得出FLASH型FPGA的高可靠性能;然后利用Verilog HDL语言编写图像高斯滤波算法、太阳光斑质心提取算法,并设计了数字太阳敏系统的标定方法.实验结果显示:角度更新速率大于35 Hz,测量范围为-60°~+60°,测量精度优于0.03°,验证了数字太阳敏系统设计的合理性,表明其能够满足数字太阳敏设计要求,提高了小卫星姿态控制精度.     

一维大行程高分辨率纳米定位平台的设计与性能测试

设计了一种大行程、高分辨率的一维纳米定位平台,并进行了性能测试．该平台采用差动杠杆原理和柔性铰链,运用两个压电陶瓷叠堆致动器驱动．对柔性铰链平台建模,通过材料力学及结构振动微分方程等相关知识,对柔性铰链微动平台的刚度、输入反作用力、放大倍数等参数进行了分析,得到平台结构参数对平台性能的影响,并结合有限元分析软件,确定了微动工作台参数;最后建立了实验系统,对微驱动定位系统的输出行程、分辨率性能进行了测试．实验结果表明,所设计的微驱动定位系统的行程达到240μm,分辨率达到10nm,外形尺寸80mm×60mm×20mm．可用于大行程高分辨率微动定位．     

深空光通信中恒星信标的捕获跟踪技术研究

提出一种深空光通信系统的信标捕获、跟踪方案,该方案是以恒星作为信标,根据恒星在惯性坐标系中的绝对位置信息,基于航天器和地球星历表、航天器的姿态信息来进行下行光束瞄准方向的精确控制。理论分析和计算机仿真都表明,星敏感器的测量精度和焦距,下行信号光的束散角将影响激光链路成功建立概率。下行信号光束散角为30μrad,星敏感器视场为8°×8°,焦距为143mm,恒星的中心位置测量精度达到0.10个像素时,链路成功建立的概率达到96.4%,表明该方案是可行的。     

静态紫外地球模拟器光学系统设计

静态紫外地球模拟器是一种对紫外导航敏感器进行地面标定和精度测试的设备。本文设计了一种静态紫外地球模拟器光学系统,提出大视场静态紫外地球模拟器光学系统设计方案,对光学系统的参数进行了分析,系统选用七片透镜进行设计,有效孔径为D=10 mm,焦距为f=100 mm,视场角为Φ40°。全视场相对畸变小于0.036%,MTF在50 lp/mm处大于0.7,波像差均方根值小于0.037λ,地球张角偏差??0.006 7°,达到了高精度的指标要求,满足设计要求。     

基于光纤导入技术的太阳敏感器设计与研究

设计了一种基于光纤导入的太阳敏感器,其包括三个部分:光学头部、光电传感器和太阳偏移角度的算法.光学头部采用两对对称光纤和一根中心光纤,通过计算每对光纤导入光能的差分值,获得太阳与航天器自身坐标系统的相对角度关系.该光学结构兼顾了大、小视场,提高了太阳敏感器定位精度.采用光纤作为太阳光的导入器,将光能导入置于航天器内部的...     

基于MEMS光线引入器的太阳敏感器技术

太阳敏感器是卫星等航天器上的重要姿态测量部件,其原理是测量太阳光线和敏感器本体主轴的夹角,近而确定卫星的指向.随着MEMS技术和高精度图像传感器技术的发展,将MEMS光线引入器阵列和APS(Active Pixel Sensor)图像传感器技术进行组合,在不增加系统的质量和功耗的情况下通过多个成像阵列来降低系统的随机误差,提高成像中心位置的准确性,从而将太阳敏感器的测量精度提高一个量级.同时采用图像预测提取相关算法(Future Extraction and Image Corre-lation-FEIC),提高了系统的鲁棒性,在部分小孔受到堵塞等干扰情况下,依然保证系统正常工作,精度上基本上不受影响.传统的太阳敏感器一般采用单孔式光线引入器和CCD等方案来实现的,精度比较低.这种新设计思路和实现方法为太阳敏感器系统的可靠性提供了重要保障.     

X射线计算机断层扫描成像系统标准器的研制

针对市面上尚没有面向产业需求的完善的工业CT标准器的问题,自主研制了测量范围广、稳定性好的用于工业CT几何量测量校准的标准器,使用超高精度三坐标测量机对其进行校准,通过球心距误差来评定尺寸测量误差,最小球心距为15. 398 5 mm,最大球心距为103. 869 2 mm,尺寸测量示值误差扩展不确定度为0. 76μm(k=2);最小角度为30. 40°,最大角度为119. 90°,角度测量示值误差扩展不确定度为20. 88″(k=2)。该标准器可满足工业CT大尺寸范围内尺寸误差的校准,同时还可以用于角度偏差的校准。     

空间太阳望远镜太阳导行镜原理样机的研制

太阳导行镜(SGT)是空间太阳望远镜(SST)姿态控制的关键技术之一。针对 SST 姿态控制系统高速高精度的导行要求成功研制了太阳导行镜样机,该样机采用折射望远镜成像,光学口径60mm,焦距 810mm,视场 1°×1°。SGT 样机首次将 APS 器件应用于空间太阳导行,利用有源像素传感器(APS)行像素可提取的特性,以 DSP 作为数据处理器,快速提取日像边缘并完成日心坐标计算。利用 SGT 样机对太阳的周日运动进行了观测,数据分析表明,SGT 样机测量精度达到了 1.5″(3σ),数据更新率优于 30Hz,满足 SST 姿控系统的要求。     

基于RadFET的宽范围电离总剂量效应监测系统及试验研究

设计了一种基于辐射剂量传感器(RadFET)的辐射总剂量监测系统,并利用60Co-γ射线和电子加速器对金属氧化物半导体(MOS)结构的RadFET进行了电离总剂量效应模拟试验,得到了器件阈值电压随辐照剂量的变化情况.结果表明,该器件具有良好的抗辐射能力,累积剂量可达到1.0 ×105 Gy,同时,在空间应用时需重点考虑阈值电压、环境温度以及击穿电压等敏感参数.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.