20%丁硫·吡虫啉EC防治棉蚜的药效试验

用20%丁硫·吡虫啉EC 333.3～666.7 mg/L及10%吡虫啉WP 333.3 mg/L和20%丁硫克百威EC 1 000 mg/L在田间对棉蚜进行药效试验,得出20%的丁硫·吡虫啉EC对棉蚜经济有效的使用质量浓度.试验结果表明:20%的丁硫·吡虫啉EC 333.3～666.7 mg/L对棉花的苗蚜和伏蚜均具有良好的防治效果,防治效果在95.75%以上,表现出良好的速效性和持效性,防效高于单独使用10%吡虫啉WP和20%丁硫克百威EC,推荐使用质量浓度为333.3 mg/L.     

噻虫啉对蚜虫杀虫活性及田间药效评价

采用农药生物测定标准操作程序(SOP)比较测定了噻虫啉和吡虫啉对蚜虫的毒力。室内生物测定结果表明,噻虫啉和吡虫啉对蚜虫有良好的杀虫活性,其毒力平均LC50分别为1.24mg/L和1.45mg/L。田间小区试验结果表明,噻虫啉对蚜虫表现出良好的防治效果,有效用量为3.36、6.72、10.08g/667m2时,药后1～10d的防治效果分别为85.82%～89.55%、89.25%～92.08%、92.43%～96.34%,好于剂量相当的吡虫啉的防治效果。     

新型杀虫剂氟吡呋喃酮对柑橘木虱的田间防效

[目的]评价氟吡呋喃酮对柑橘木虱的防治效果,为生产上应用提供科学依据。[方法]依照田间药效试验准则进行田间药效试验。[结果]17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶性液剂50、66.7、100 mg a.i./kg在药后3、7、14 d的田间防效均高于88.5%,甚至高达100%,至药后21 d,防效依旧高达98.4%~100%,表现出良好的速效性和持效性,与对照药剂21%噻虫嗪悬浮剂50.0 mg a.i./kg处理效果相当,对柑橘无药害。[结论]建议在柑橘新梢抽发期,柑橘木虱若虫初发生时,使用17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶性液剂50~100 mg a.i./kg喷雾为宜。     

高效氯氟·噻虫嗪等6种药剂对柑橘木虱的防治效果

[目的]筛选防治柑橘木虱的高效低毒药剂,为生产上推广应用提供科学依据。[方法]依照田间药效试验准则,进行高效氯氟·噻虫嗪等6种药剂对柑橘木虱的田间防治效果评价。[结果]施药1次后15 d,22%高效氯氟·噻虫嗪微囊悬浮-悬浮剂73.3 mg/kg、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂66.7 mg/kg和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油45 mg/kg三个药剂处理对柑橘木虱的防治效果优良,平均防效分别为93.95%、91.14%和89.32%。[结论]上述3种药剂对柑橘木虱有较好的防治效果,建议在生产上推广应用。     

吡虫啉防治蚧虫试验效果初报

在田间用１０％吡虫啉液剂喷雾防治柿树真棉蚧，形球蚧和草履蚧，显示出不间的防治效果，对杭树真棉蚧防治效果最好，７天可达１００％，明显高于常用农药氧乐果。     

吡虫啉在甜椒中的残留和膳食风险评估

[目的]研究吡虫啉在甜椒上的消解动态和最终残留情况,评价其膳食风险,以期获得甜椒中吡虫啉的科学施药方式,保证甜椒的农产品质量安全。[方法]试验在良好农业规范(Good Agricultural Practices,GAP)条件下进行田间试验,然后借助液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测技术和慢性风险(熵)值(Chromic risk quotient,RQc)计算法,探究吡虫啉在甜椒上的消解、残留及膳食摄入风险情况。[结果]添加水平为0.01、0.1、0.5 mg/kg时,吡虫啉的平均回收率在98.8%～104.3%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%～3.3%,检出限(LOD)为0.001 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为0.01 mg/kg,符合农药残留分析的要求。在1.5倍推荐施用剂量下(45 g a.i./hm2),广东和湖南甜椒中吡虫啉的消解速率符合一级动力学方程(r≥0.9751),半衰期分别为4.4、3.3 d,最终降解率均在97.2%以上。最终残留试验表明:施药7 d后,吡虫啉在6个基地甜椒中的规范残留试验中值(STMR,0.028 mg/kg)显著低于《食品中农药最大残留限量》(GB 2763—2019)中规定的最大残留限量值(MRL,0.2 mg/kg)。我国普通人群对吡虫啉的全膳食摄入RQc为8.43%,其中甜椒的贡献率为0.80%。[结论]按照本规范使用10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂防治甜椒中的蚜虫,吡虫啉的膳食摄入风险处于可接受水平。     

新型杀虫剂氟吡呋喃酮对番茄烟粉虱田间药效评价

[目的]明确新型烟碱类杀虫剂17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶性液剂对番茄烟粉虱的田间防治效果。[方法]2015、2016年于山东烟台进行了田间药效试验。[结果]17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶性液剂(60~120 g a.i./hm~2)对番茄烟粉虱成虫和若虫药效迅速,药后7 d对成虫防效为85.48%~92.08%,若虫防效为75.83%~82.33%,成虫的防治效果优于若虫,持效期可达14 d左右。[结论]17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶性液剂可作为防治番茄烟粉虱的理想药剂,具有较好的应用和推广前景。     

几种药剂防治褐飞虱效果比较

选择毒死蜱、噻虫嗪、噻嗪酮、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、氟虫腈等6种药剂进行了防治褐飞虱田间试验,结果表明,当前,氟虫腈、毒死蜱(高含量)、噻虫嗪和噻嗪酮对水稻褐飞虱防治效果较好,药后7～10d,平均校正防治效果达到81.9%～92.7%;褐飞虱对吡虫啉产生了极高抗药性,防治效果显著下降。     

灭菌促长剂防治柑橘贮藏期病害的药效试验

介绍了采用菌落生长速率法测定灭菌促长剂对柑橘蒂腐病菌的EC5 0 为 0 .66mg/kg ,采用 90 0mg/kg药液浸泡柑橘 2～ 3min后风干 ,套袋 ,常温保存 30、60、80d后的防治效果分别为 91 .74 %、89.55%和 83.0 5% ,明显优于多菌灵。说明灭菌促长剂可溶性粉剂对柑橘贮藏期病害有良好的防治效果。     

吡虫啉在茶树菇及其菌棒上的残留消解动态

[目的]检测70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂在茶树菇及菌棒上、中、下3个部分的残留量及消解动态。[方法]采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对茶树菇及其菌棒最终残留及消解动态进行研究。[结果]茶树菇和菌棒中分别添加0.005、0.05、0.5 mg/kg 3个水平的吡虫啉,其平均回收率为92.0%～110.4%,相对标准偏差为2.9%～8.2%。吡虫啉在茶树菇上的降解符合一级反应动力学模式,在茶树菇和菌棒上段,吡虫啉半衰期分别为7.9、12.1 d。[结论]在茶树菇上手动喷雾施药70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂,按0.23、0.34 g a.i./m2的剂量施药3、4次,施药间隔7 d,最后1次施药距采收间隔10 d时,吡虫啉在茶树菇上的残留量近似于欧盟规定的吡虫啉在蘑菇农药残留限量0.05 mg/kg。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.