镀铬废液的回收及利用

用自配的复合絮凝剂处理电镀铬废液,用于除铜实验。除铜液酸度以30g／LH2SO4为佳,用一阶微商法求出除铜液CrO3最佳质量浓度为255．8g／L。处理后的排放液中CrO3质量浓度为0．4mg／L,既实现了废物利用又符合国家排放标准。     

镁合金ZM5“无铬”化学转化处理

采用含磷酸盐-高锰酸盐的"无铬"化学转化液处理方法,在镁合金ZM5表面形成了一层化学转化膜,用金相显微镜、腐蚀实验分别研究了化学转化膜层表面形貌、耐腐蚀性。结果表明,化学转化处理的最佳工艺条件为:KMnO4质量浓度20 g/L,Na3PO4质量浓度100 g/L,KF质量浓度40 g/L,转化液呈弱碱性,pH=7～8,温度50℃,化学转化时间40 min。在镁合金ZM5表面形成的化学转化膜耐腐蚀性能良好,对镁合金基体有较好的保护作用。     

废煤渣的碱法改性对六价铬吸附的影响研究

利用氢氧化钠对废煤渣进行改性,实验探讨了吸附剂投加量,振荡时间,铬液初始浓度,pH等因素对六价铬的吸附性能影响。实验表明改性煤渣具有较好的吸附性能,在投加量为12 g,铬液初始浓度25 mg/L,pH=7,振荡240 min,改性煤渣的除铬率可达91.5%。     

苯酐法糖精废水的治理与综合利用

利用废铁屑与含铜酸性废水作用制备金属铜和聚合硫酸铁,并用聚合硫酸铁作絮凝剂处理酯化废水。实验结果表明,每吨含铜酸性废水可制得8．5kg铜粉及230kg浓度158～160g/L Fe^3＋的聚合硫酸铁,处理后的酸性废水中硫酸的含量降低了83．5％,Cu^2＋的含量降低了85．0％;在优化条件下,沉降30min,酯化废水的COD、色度去除率分别达到86．8％、88．5％。     

电镀铬镍混合废水的絮凝处理

采用化学絮凝法对电镀含铬、镍废水进行了处理,确定了复合絮凝剂的种类和最佳配比,选择了最佳工艺条件,pH=8.70,搅拌t为30min,絮凝沉积t为12h,并对处理前后铬镍废水的质量浓度进行了检测。结果表明,铬的去除率为99.93%,镍的去除率为99.95%,处理后的废水中铬质量浓度降至0.12mg/L,镍质量浓度降至0.26mg/L,符合国家允许的排放标准,可作为电镀车间的循环用水。     

聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂处理造纸废水

研究了用聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂处理造纸废水,考察了酸度、混凝剂加人量、搅拌速度、搅拌时间、沉降时间对CODCr去除率的影响。实验结果表明：调节废液pH值在3-4之间,能够沉降废液中大部分悬浮物质,使废液CODCr明显降低;在搅拌速度为300r／min时,上层清液（废液调回至碱性）中加入PAC质量浓度300mg／L和PAM质量浓度15mg／L,可以将废液的CODCr值降到400mg／L左右。对絮凝后的废液用次氯酸钙进一步氧化处理,废液的CODCr值降到国家规定的造纸工业污水排放标准（150mg／L）。     

铜及其合金无铬钝化液的研究

铜及其合金经表面清洗后易产生腐蚀变色。通过对比实验研究了铜及其合金无铬钝化液成分和工艺对其耐蚀性能的影响,并采用加速腐蚀试验和电化学测试技术对钝化膜的耐蚀性进行测试。结果表明,以20 g/L苯并三氮唑,4 g/L EDTA,2 g/L HEDP,50~100 m L/L乙醇为主要成分的铜及其合金无铬钝化液,处理10 min后,铜及其合金的耐蚀性显著提高,经过180 h湿热试验,185 h盐水浸泡后实验无锈蚀,空气放置720 h不变色。     

泥炭对重金属废水中Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋最佳吸附条件的研究

泥炭中富含有机质与腐植酸,其中含有大量的极性基团,对金属离子有较强的吸附性能。本试验通过对泥炭吸附重金属废水中Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋种离子的吸附条件进行研究,得出最佳吸附条件为：当重金属离子浓度为30mg／L时,泥炭投加量分别为7g／L和5g／L,最佳吸附pH值分别为5和8,吸附时间均为30min．且离子浓度越高,表观吸附量越大,但除金属率越低。最佳条件下Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋的表观吸附量分别为4．24mg／g和6．00mg／g,除铜率和除铅率分别为98．8％和999％。     

新型复合引发剂APS-TEA引发DMDAAC的聚合及PDMDAAC的应用

用一步法合成DMDAAC单体，采用APS—TEA复合引发体系引发聚合得到PDMDAAC。实验取100mL质量分数为72％的DMDAAC溶液，通N2 30min后加入APS 0．548g、TEA0．352g、EDTA·2Na 15．04mg，当反应温度为42℃，反应时间为24h时，DMDAAC的转化率为82．26％，PDMDAAC的特征粘度为1．06dL／g。采用PFS（聚合硫酸铁）、PDMDAAC和PFS—PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂处理Cu^2＋、pb^2＋浓度均为10mg／L的模拟重金属污水，PFS—PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂处理效果最好。控制模拟污水的终点DH值约为8．5，使用PFS-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂，当PFS剂量为5．52mg／L、PDMDAAC剂量为0．39mg／L时，处理后Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋去除率分别达到99．8％和99．9％。     

还原-混凝法回收低浓度含金废水中的金

采用还原一混凝法回收低浓度含Au废水中的Au,考察了还原剂的投加量、反应时间、混凝剂类型、混凝剂投加量、混凝时间等因素对Au回收率的影响。最佳工艺条件为：还原剂的投加量为1．2g／L．还原反应时间为35min;混凝剂为聚合氯化铝铁,投加量为O．2g／L,混凝时间为6min;絮凝剂为0-4％聚丙烯酰胺,投加量为2mL／L,在此条件下废水中Au的回收率超过92．86％,处理后滤液中Au的质量浓度小于0．02mg／L。该方法具有工艺简单、操作简便、Au回收率高等特点。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.