镜面反射综合孔径成像方法研究

常规的综合孔径成像方法需要进行相干探测,阵列单元为结构复杂的超外差结构,随着成像频率的增加,其研制难度和性能要求将限制综合孔径成像技术在高频段的发展。文章提出的镜面反射综合孔径成像方法采用非相干探测方法,通过探测器阵列或单元扫描对目标场景进行幅度(功率)探测即可获得可视度函数,然后通过成像反演方法获得场景的亮温图像。镜面反射综合孔径成像方法使用的非相干探测单元结构简单,实现难度低,可避免在高频段实现综合孔径成像的难点。镜面反射综合孔径成像方法相比常规综合孔径成像方法实现相同的成像结果可节约一半的天线阵列孔径,并且最少只需一个阵列单元即可实现综合孔径成像。通过理论分析、仿真计算和点目标源成像实验对镜面反射综合孔径成像技术进行了研究。镜面反射综合孔径成像技术为实现综合孔径成像技术提供了一种新途径。     

综合孔径微波辐射计顺轨方向亮温反演算法的研究

本文利用卷积理论对综合孔径微波辐射计在顺轨方向的孔径综合进行了理论分析,给出了在一定条件下的基线设计,并且分别利用矩量法和基于Backus-Gilbert理论的线性算法两种数值方法进行了顺轨方向地物亮温的反演.数值模拟结果表明,在顺轨方向有效稀疏天线阵设计的基础上,亮温反演达到了很高的精度.     

镜面反射综合孔径近场成像及其成像分辨率研究

镜面反射综合孔径成像技术是一种通过非相干探测实现综合孔径成像的方法,利用功率探测获得余弦可视度函数,进而通过反演算法获得目标场景亮温图像。文中对镜面反射综合孔径成像方法的近场成像及其成像分辨率进行了理论研究,并通过点源成像实验对理论分析结果进行了实验验证,实验测得的成像角度分别为16.07°、18.48°、23.73°和27.47°,对应的成像分辨率分别为0.95°、0.98°、1.00°和1.04°,实验结果和理论计算结果相符,表明了镜面反射综合孔径成像技术在近场成像领域应用的有效性和优越性。     

毫米波雷达/红外成像复合制导技术研究

针对毫米波/红外(MMW/IR)复合导引头的共孔径方案进行讨论,通过对多种共孔径方案的原理及特点进行对比分析,指出了各种方案的优点和不足。根据实际需求对共平台共孔径复合方式进行仿真设计分析及实物测试,并给出了共孔径毫米波红外成像复合导引头设计建议。     

PSTM孔径光纤探针的FDTD数值模拟

用二维时域有限差分法 ,讨论了光子扫描隧道显微镜 (PSTM)中入射波的入射角、样品探针间距以及镀金膜孔径光纤的结构参数如膜厚 ,孔径宽度对成像的分辨率及灵敏度的影响 ;研究了镀不同金属膜的孔径光纤的分辨率与灵敏度 ,并与无镀膜有孔径光纤进行比较     

基于RVoG模型的极化干涉SAR最优基线分析

 针对极化干涉SAR体散射体参数估计应用,基于随机体散射体/地表二层(RVoG)模型分析研究了其最优基线问题.在基线去相干、RVoG模型、相位管等相关理论分析基础之上,证明了最优基线的存在性,给出了其定义与计算方法,比较了其与常规干涉SAR最优基线的异同.通过仿真验证并讨论了雷达、成像几何和体散射体参数对最优基线选取的影响.     

二维综合孔径微波辐射计圆环结构天线阵 及其稀疏方法

本文介绍了圆环天线阵二维综合孔径微波辐射计的测量原理和反演算法,并通过模拟退火算法讨论了两种二维综合孔径微波辐射计圆环阵的稀疏方案,一种方案利用天线旋转,在半圆周上稀疏天线;另一种方案通过将空间频率采样点的均匀分布作为优化的约束条件,在全圆周上稀疏天线.结果显示两种设计较传统设计均有改进之处.对于半圆周天线而言,在积分时间允许的条件下,通过天线旋转与分时测量,天线阵可进一步稀疏.对于全圆周天线而言,与Y形天线阵结构相比,在同样的空间频率覆盖范围内,全圆周天线阵使天线单元数达到了最优.     

无源雷达成像的平动补偿

基于外辐射源的运动目标探测、定位与成像技术是目前新体制雷达研究的重点.讨论了无源雷达成像的平动补偿,建立目标回波模型,利用相邻回波包络的相关性进行运动补偿.将来自不同视线角的多个电视台的反射信号形成的子孔径综合为等效的大孔径的方法来对目标进行成像,并进行了仿真试验.     

利用卫星对明安图射电频谱日像仪的相位校准研究

明安图射电频谱日像仪采用综合孔径技术成像的太阳专用射电望远镜,为充分利用望远镜天线单元数量,采用非冗余基线设计,这就要求需要外部信号源进行系统校准.本文介绍了利用同步轨道卫星作为校准源,对明安图射电频谱日像仪进行相位校准的原理,过程和相应的观测结果,分析了卫星作为校准的优缺点、处理办法以及在对图像质量的影响.     

干涉合成孔径辐射计的相位误差分析

干涉合成孔径辐射计是一种被动成像手段,可以根据目标和背景的亮温差别,实现目标探测功能,在揭露伪装、发现隐蔽目标方面有应用价值。介绍了干涉综合孔径辐射计成像基本原理,给出了一种毫米波干涉综合孔径成像系统的系统结构,分析了通道间相位误差对其性能的影响,设计了消除相位误差的校准方案,并对校准方案进行了仿真分析。     

分布式孔径相参合成雷达技术试验验证与分析

实现收发全相参合成对运动目标稳定跟踪是分布式孔径相参合成雷达技术进步的重要标志,首先介绍分布式孔径相参合成雷达的基本理论,再从接收相参和收发相参2个阶段对飞机目标跟踪试验进行分析,分别给出了相参合成信噪比增益改善、相位差值变化和目标跟踪航迹等试验结果。试验结果表明目标跟踪稳定,信噪比增益改善接近理论值。在此基础上,给出2部X波段大型实装相控阵雷达卫星目标相参合成跟踪试验结果,实现收发全相参合成对卫星目标稳定跟踪。通过试验验证分布式孔径相参合成雷达具有技术可行性和工程可实现性。     

一种新的机载单站无源定位方法

根据合成孔径技术原理,提出一种基于合成孔径雷达成像原理的机载单站无源定位方法。提出电子战系统中的合成孔径构造方法,分析这种无源定位方法的定位误差分布。通过仿真确定了合成孔径的建立时间与定位精度的关系。     

High-power CO2 laser with coaxial waveguide anddiffusion cooling

A diffusion-cooled CO₂ laser using a coaxial waveguide is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The resonator used for extracting the laser beam consists of two annular plane mirrors enclosing the two ends of the waveguide. The beam exits through an aperture in one of these annular mirrors. The mirror tilt is shown to provide efficient beam extraction through this aperture. A theoretical resonator model based on the vector modes of propagation in a dielectric coaxial waveguide is presented. Experimental data show the feasibility of coaxial waveguide lasers and their ability to supply beams of high power and quality. Experimental data are discussed with respect to the presented theory     

Pattern distortion of aperture antennas radiating in the presence of conducting platforms

An analytically simple and numerically efficient technique for calculating the pattern distortion of aperture antennas radiating in the presence of conducting platforms located in the near or far field of the antenna is presented. The technique presented, based on uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UGTD), is also applicable for large aperture antennas (aperture area> 15 lambda^{2}). An excellent agreement between the calculated and measured results obtained for a typical aperture antenna mounted on a conducting platform confirms the validity of the analytical technique developed.     

Microstrip antenna aperture-coupled to a microstripline

A new technique for feeding printed antennas is described. A microstrip antenna on one substrate is coupled to a microstripline feed on another parallel substrate through an aperture in the ground plane which separates the two substrates. A simple theory explaining the coupling mechanism is presented, as well as measurements of a prototype aperture-fed antenna.     

Moving target detection in foliage using along track monopulsesynthetic aperture radar imaging

This paper presents a method for detecting moving targets embedded in foliage from the monostatic and bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data obtained via two airborne radars. The two radars, which are mounted on the same aircraft, have different coordinates in the along track (cross-range) domain. However, unlike the interferometric SAR systems used for topographic mapping, the two radars possess a common range and altitude (i.e., slant range). The resultant monopulse SAR images are used to construct difference and interferometric images for moving target detection. It is shown that the signatures of the stationary targets are weakened in these images. Methods for estimating a moving target's motion parameters are discussed. Results for an ultrawideband UHF SAR system are presented.     

On bounding the excitation of a terminated wire behind an aperture in a shield

A formulation is developed for determining the voltage and current induced on an impedance-terminated wire behind an aperture in a shield. Loading effects on the aperture are included by using receiving antenna theory. Upper bounds for the current and voltage are obtained and numerical results are presented for a thin slot antenna.     

小孔耦合的带状线耦合器

本文利用保角变换求势函数的方法,导出了带状线中的归一化电场分布的封闭形表示式。根据小孔耦合理论给出了带状线间通过公共壁上圆孔耦合的耦合度表示式。实验表明理论值和实验结果间具有良好的一致性。     

Analysis of a cylindrical antenna containing an aperture coupledload

In this paper we present the basis for the analysis of shielded tuning networks coupled to wire antenna elements. The structure analyzed comprises three conducting cylindrical tubes that form an aperture-fed circular coaxial waveguide. Two methods are presented for formulating and solving integral equations for the structure. The first method is based on the mixed potential electric field integral equation enforced on the three cylindrical tubes, and the second is based on aperture theory. An end correction capacitance is used to adjust the reflection coefficient in the eigenmode expressions of the aperture method. The data obtained by the two methods are in close agreement. Differences in actual currents and equivalent currents obtained from solutions are discussed and reconciled