黄河大柳树—沙坡头河段典型弯道水流运动平面二维数值模拟

建立了适体坐标系下的平面二维紊流水流数学模型,对黄河在宁夏回族自治区中卫市境内的大柳树—沙坡头河段典型弯道的水流运动进行数值模拟。为了反映弯道环流的影响,对动量方程进行修正,紊流模型采用修正的RNGk-ε模型。通过对黄河大柳树—沙坡头河段连续弯道水流运动数值计算结果与实测结果的对比分析,表明该模型能够准确地模拟具有复杂地形的天然河流弯道中的水流运动。利用所建立的模型计算了4种典型工况下水面的纵比降和横比降,得到一些有益的结论。     

滩地植被作用下非对称复式河道的三维数值模拟

本文采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)对乔木作用下的非对称复式河槽水流的三维紊流进行了教值模拟,并与标准k-ε模型比较.数值计算结果与试验结果的比较表明,RSM能较好地模拟滩槽交互区内的二次流和主流速分布,此模型模拟植被作用下的复式河槽是可靠的.且水深增大时,滩槽交互区的二次流也随之增强,并向主槽区移动,而主槽区二次流相应减小,滩地区二次流相应增大.     

冰盖下典型复式断面河道水深平均流速的横向分布

开展冰盖下典型复式断面河道水深平均流速的横向分布规律研究,对于凌汛防治具有重要意义。本文在SKM法的基础上,结合双层假设理论,并将二次流项并入雷诺切应力项,建立了考虑河床摩擦、冰盖阻力、横向剪切湍流和二次流影响的准二维数学模型。与相应的物理模型实验结果对比发现,所提出的准二维数学模型能够合理预测复式断面河道各断面的水深平均流速横向分布及河道过流量。本文提出的数学模型,无需通过计算机编程联立求解复杂方程组,即可获得水深平均流速的横向分布特征,对研究具有复式断面的覆冰河道的水流特征具有一定的指导意义。     

复式河槽漫滩水流的三维数值计算

采用紊流模型中的雷诺应力模型(RSM)对非对称复式河槽水流的三维紊流进行了数值模拟。数值模拟计算结果与试验结果的比较表明RSM能够很好地模拟滩槽交互区内的二次流、主流速分布和床面剪切力,此模型模拟复式河槽是可靠的。最后用RSM模拟了对称复式河槽在不同水深下的流速场及床面剪切力分布,得出当水深增加时,滩槽交互区二次流动纵向涡增强,而浅滩主流速及床面剪切力迅速增大的结论。     

山区型河道治理中丁坝建设的影响分析

弯道水流是渠道和河道中常见的一种水流运动现象。山区型河道由于河道纵比降较大,洪峰陡起陡落,弯道水流流速较大,水流流态也较平原区弯道复杂。本文以苏子河羊祭台险工为例采用二维数学模型模拟丁坝建设前后弯道处及其上下游水流流速及流场变化,借以定性分析丁坝建设对山区型河道险工治理以及河道岸坡生态恢复的积极作用。     

U形弯道水流试验及其数值模拟

弯道水流运动是河流动力学研究的基本问题之一,长期以来,其复杂的三维水流结构一直是研究者关注的重点。弯道水流在重力及离心力的共同作用下,形成弯道螺旋流,与顺直河道相比,具有特有的运动特性,主要表现在产生水面横比降、横向环流、流速重分布等方面。用声速多普勒流速仪（ ADV ）,对室内 U 形弯道水流结构进行了详细的测量,分析表明弯道环流出现了较为明显的双涡二次流变化过程。此外,试验验证结果表明雷诺应力模型（ RSM ）能较好地模拟弯道环流双涡二次变化过程,为深入分析弯道水流特性及其对泥沙运动、河床演变等影响问题提供了科学方法。     

弯曲河流三维数值模型

将平面正交曲线坐标系和垂向σ伸缩坐标系相结合,建立适合弯曲河流的三维水流数值模型。采用模式分裂技术将控制方程分解为外、内模式联合求解,方程的离散采用有限差分法。采用嘉陵江广元城区河段5个弯段内7个典型横断面地形、水位和流速资料对本文模型进行验证,模型成功地模拟出了水面横比降和弯道二次流,模拟结果与实测数据吻合较好。     

拟合曲线坐标下弯曲河段水流三维数学模型

在采用拟合曲线网络系统模拟天然河道边界基础上，建立了符合弯道(含急弯河道)水流特性的贴体坐标系下三维数学模型，并针对弯曲河段可能引起的回流及环流，引入双方程κε紊流模型精细模拟，经长江某急弯河段的实例计算，取得较为理想的效果。     

二维水动力数值模型在天然河道弯道处水流横向水位差模拟计算中的应用

天然河道弯道处水流过程复杂。洪水风险研究中,一般先对河道建立一维水动力数值模型,再与岸上陆地二维水动力数值模型相耦合。由于山区河道弯道处的横向水位差较大,一维水动力模型无法反映两岸水位差,需对整个项目区建立整体二维水动力数值模型。该文以富屯溪顺昌县城区段天然河道为例,分析天然河道弯道水流特性,借助二维水动力数值模型模拟弯道水流,计算不同弯段、不同洪峰流量下的横向水位差,分析弯道横向水位差的影响因素。     

平原感潮河网地区一维、二维水动力耦合模型研究

提供了一种复杂地形、水流条件下一维、二维水动力耦合模型的通用计算方法。根据感潮河流地形复杂、河岸弯曲多变、河道狭长的特征,采用有限元法求解一、二维水动力模型控制方程;在一、二维模型连接断面处．利用两种模型模拟的水位、流量相等的条件,实现一、二维模型的耦合。依据该原理,开发了大范围的上海市黄浦江上游地区河网一维与黄浦江干流二维水动力耦合模型,验证结果表明：一、二维耦合模型的设计是合理的。     

Assessment of the predictive capability of RANS models in simulating meandering open channel flows

The predictive capability of Reynolds-averaged numerical simulation(RANS) models is investigated by simulating the flow in meandering open channel flumes and comparing the obtained results with the measured data. The flow structures of the two experiments are much different in order to get better insights. Two eddy viscosity turbulence models and different wall treatment methods are tested. Comparisons show that no essential difference exists among the predictions. The difference of turbulence models has a limited effect, and the near wall refinement improves the predictions slightly. Results show that, while the longitudinal velocities are generally well predicted, the predictive capability of the secondary flow is largely determined by the complexity of the flow structure. In Case 1 of a simple flow structure, the secondary flow velocity is reasonably predicted. In Case 2, consisting of sharp curved consecutive reverse bends, the flow structure becomes complex after the first bend, and the complex flow structure leads to the poor prediction of the secondary flow. The analysis shows that the high level of turbulence anisotropy is related with the boundary layer separation, but not with the flow structure complexity in the central area which definitely causes the poor prediction of RANS models. The turbulence model modifications and the wall treatment methods barely improve the predictive capability of RANS models in simulating complex flow structures.     

Numerical computation of free meandering channels with the application of slump blocks on the outer bends

Application of slump failure mechanism in the numerical modeling of the free meandering is the recent advancement towards dealing the real phenomena on the outer bends of meandering rivers with the numerical models. Recently numerous numerical simulations are performed using two-dimensional morphodynamic model for bed and bank with consideration of effects of slump blocks. Four different cases are simulated separately for steady and unsteady flow condition for about 6 h with and without slump block consideration. The measured bank erosion, channel migration and the channel width evolution show significant difference in the results due to inclusion of slump block effects. Long term simulation has been performed for 24 h to predict the free meandering behavior with variation of different slump block parameters. The result shows clear bar formation and projection, channel formation and migration towards the outer bends, making longer length of the flow path and increasing the sinuosity with the time which is very similar with the natural rivers.     

宽顶堰水流数值模拟分析

本文利用紊流模型模拟了带有曲线自由表面的宽顶堰流的紊流流场,采用VOF法来确定自由表面,采用气液两相流计算模型对宽顶堰流场进行了数值模拟,计算结果与试验数据较为吻合.模拟结果表明,数值模拟是作为研究水利工程中带有自由表面的水流结构的一个强有力的工具,其结果对物理试验也是一个很好的补充.     

基于WMLES方法的复式断面明渠三维紊流数值模拟

针对基于雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程的数值模型在精确模拟复式断面明渠三维水流结构方面存在困难和传统大涡模拟(LES)方法计算成本相对较高的问题,采用壁面建模的大涡模拟(WMLES)方法建立三维数值模型,对水深比(滩地水深与主槽水深之比)为0.5的复式断面明渠水流结构进行模拟计算。数值模拟计算结果与已有试验测量结果和LES模拟结果的对比表明,WMLES方法能够准确地模拟时均速度、床面切应力、紊动强度、紊动能、雷诺应力分布、二次漩涡结构,该方法在复式断面明渠水流三维模拟中是可靠的;在保证计算精度的前提下,与传统LES方法相比,采用WMLES方法能够显著降低计算成本。     

三维动边界破开算子法不恒定流模拟研究

本文以静水压强假定下的大尺度三维水流方程为基础，对微分方程采用混合破开算子法求解，并引入了透水介质法处理动水边界、自由水面边界和床底边界，将动边界问题转化为定边界问题求解，对大尺度水体中的恒定与非恒定流动进行了成功的模拟计算。     

Hydrostatic versus nonhydrostatic hydrodynamic modelling of secondary flow in a tortuously meandering river: Application of Delft3D

Given the importance of pressure gradients in driving secondary flow, it is worth studying how the modelled flow structures in a natural river bend can be impacted by the assumption of hydrodynamic pressure. In this paper, the performance of hydrostatic versus nonhydrostatic pressure assumption in the three‐dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic modelling of a tortuously meandering river is studied. Both hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic numerical models were developed using Delft3D‐Flow to predict the 3D flow field in a reach of Stillwater Creek in Ottawa, Canada. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter was employed to measure the 3D flow field at a section in a sharp bend of the simulated river at two flow stages. The results of the Delft3D hydrostatic model agreed well with the acoustic Doppler velocimeter measurements: The hydrostatic model predicted reasonably accurately both the streamwise velocity distribution across the section and the magnitude and location of the primary secondary flow cell. The results of the Delft3D nonhydrostatic approximation showed that the model was not conservative and could not accurately generate either the secondary flow or the streamwise velocity distribution. This study illustrated the superior performance of the hydrostatic over nonhydrostatic 3D modelling of the secondary flow using Delft3D. Several possible reasons for unfavourable performance of the nonhydrostatic version of Delft3D are discussed, including the pressure correction technique employed in Delft3D. Considering the uncertainties that may arise in both modelling and field measurements, the 3D hydrostatic Delft3D model was capable of reasonably predicting the river bend flow structures in the studied meandering creek.     

正交曲线坐标下一种有效的弯道河流数值模型

选取跟踪河道中心线走向的正交曲线坐标系,提出此坐标下的BGK Boltzmann方程,由明渠水流中微、宏观变量之间的基本关系建立了一种有效的弯道河流数值模型。通过对弯道水槽试验进行数值模拟,结果表明模型有较好的模拟弯道水流的能力。     

Modelling and analyzing flow diversion in branching channels with symmetric geometry

This paper aims at the investigation and analysis of numerical and laboratory modelling of flow in branched channels with symmetrical geometry and varying hydraulic conditions. Details of velocity and water‐level profiles in branching locations are discussed. In some low‐slop regions like plains, rivers may be branching; or in alluvial plains where the slop is low, meanders may appear. On the other hand, in the mountainous and semi‐mountainous areas with relatively steep slops, arterial rivers can be formed. Therefore, it is important to learn the behaviour of rivers in branching location and to simulate water flow in branching part of rivers. Details of two‐dimensional numerical model in a main channel and secondary downstream branches are explained and results are analysed and compared against experimental data. With respect to the numerical simulation, velocity and depth in different sections of laboratory model are calculated and the corresponding profiles are developed. The water‐level profiles are calculated and drawn using both the numerical and experimental models. Some long narrow eddies are predicted along internal bank of junction. The comparison of numerical and experimental models proves reasonable results for this research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高速掺气水流数值模拟研究

应用FLUENT商用软件及其二次开发技术,采用双流体模型及混合k-ε 湍流模型对带有掺气挑坎的陡槽高速掺气水流进行了二维数值模拟。根据掺气水流的特点,重点对相间阻力模型进行了改进,特别在构建相间阻力本构关系式时考虑了湍流扩散的影响。计算结果表明,在相间阻力模型中考虑湍流扩散的影响,可明显改善以往数值计算对水流掺气估算不足的状况,使掺气浓度的分布和掺气量的计算结果与试验数据符合更加良好。说明在合理构建相间相互作用力的基础上,采用双流体模型可较好地模拟高速水流掺气现象。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION OF MEANDERING RIVER BASED ON 3-D RNG k-ε TURBULENCE MODEL

A 3-D numerical model for calculating flow in non-curvilinear coordinates was established in this article. The flow was simulated by solving the full Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the RNG k-ε turbulence model. In the horizontal x-y-plane, a boundary-fitted curvilinear co-ordinate system was adopted, while in the vertical direction, a co-ordinate transformation was used to represent the free surface and bed topography. The water level was determined by solving the 2-D Poisson equation derived from 2-D depth averaged momentum equations. The finite-volume method was used to discretize the equations and the SIMPLEC algorithm was applied to acquire the coupling of velocity and pressure. This model was applied to simulate the meandering channels and natural rivers, and the water levels and the velocities for all sections were given. By contrasting and analyzing, the agreement with measurements is generally good. The feasibility studies of simulating flow of the natural river have been conducted to demonstrate its applicability to hydraulic engineering research.