光纤O2/CO2复合传感器的研制

本文报导一种新型的光纤氧 、 二氧化碳复合传感器。通过在同一敏感膜载体上固定两 种不同的荧光试剂—跪丁酸及狂基龙三磺酸, 制作了一种对‘氧和二羲化破敏感的复合敏感 膜( 该传感器在医学临床检脸范围内具有良好的线性, 其测氧的分辫率是# ( ?? ) , 测二氧化 破的分辫率是# ( ? 写, 响应时间短于+ , ?. 。文中还讨论了三种敏感膜载体的比较及复合传感 器浏量进程中氧和二氧化谈的相互干扰问题(     

生物传感器的转换器及其应用

<正> 生物传感器的基本结构由两部分组成。一部分是选择性识别被测物质的感受器,为生物敏感元件;另一部分是能量转换器,即将能量从一种形式转换成另一种形式的传感元件。前者文献介绍颇多,故对后者做一概述。 七十年代的生物传感器为电化学装置,其转换器为电极。包括离子选择性电极、气敏电极(二氧化碳和氨电极)及氧电极。离子选择性电极有一敏感膜,电极借敏感膜对某一种离子产生选择性响应,     

Ru (dip ) 2+ 3 络合物氧敏感膜的光降解特性研究

氧指示剂的光降解是影响荧光猝灭氧传感器光稳定性的主要因素.本文研究了Ru(dip)\+\{2+\}\-3络合物氧敏感膜光降解模型,给出了敏感膜光降解速率与激励光波长、强度及膜环境温度的依赖关系.     

Ru(dip)_3~(2+)络合物氧敏感膜的光降解特性研究

氧指示剂的光降解是影响荧光猝灭氧传感器光稳定性的主要因素 .本文研究了 Ru(dip) 2 + 3络合物氧敏感膜光降解模型 ,给出了敏感膜光降解速率与激励光波长、强度及膜环境温度的依赖关系     

基于MISFET结构的Pt-NiO混合敏感膜溶解二氧化碳传感器的研究

应用碳糊成膜方法,设计一种基于MISFET结构Pt-NiO混合敏感膜的新型溶解二氧化碳传感器.文中对器件进行了测量,给出了不同工作点下器件输出电压变化量△Vrs随着溶解二氧化碳浓度变化的响应曲线.实验结果表明,室温下基于MISFET结构的Pt-NiO混合敏感膜对溶解二氧化碳有很好的敏感性.     

基于荧光猝灭原理的氧传感器膜头的制备

水中溶解氧含量是衡量水质的重要指标之一,通过溶解氧传感器可对水体中的溶解氧含量进行检测.国外对溶解氧传感器的研究较早,工艺水平较高;国内起步晚,且多是实验研究,在批量生产高品质传感器方面仍待发展.该文设计一种包括载体、胶层、荧光层、保护层4层结构的氧敏感膜.荧光层采用四乙氧基硅烷为前驱体,三氟丙基三甲基氧硅烷为有机改性剂,三(4,7-联苯-1,10-邻菲罗啉)二氯化钌为荧光标记物,能有效检测溶解氧含量;保护层可防止外界光线的干扰并减少外界的水对传感器造成损害,能有效提高膜的稳定性和使用寿命.     

声表面波NO2传感器的研究进展

NO2是一种主要的大气污染物,同时对人体健康也有较大的危害,针对其进行检测的传感器的研究和开发就显得十分重要.声表面波气体传感器具有便携性、快速响应、高灵敏度、高稳定性、低成本等特点,引起了国内外相关研究者的广泛关注.简要介绍了声表面波(SAW)气体传感器工作的基本原理、传感器敏感膜与NO2气体的作用机理以及SAW-NO2气体传感器的两种结构类型,综述了SAW-NO2气体传感器常用的几种敏感膜材料,并对SAW-NO2气体传感器的发展趋势做了展望.     

钌络合物合成氧敏感膜的光学与传感特性研究

基于钌络合物Ru(dpp)3Cl2的发光特性,制备了一种化学稳定性好、使用寿命长、荧光激发性能高的氧敏感膜.研究了敏感膜的透光特性,重点分析了荧光试剂浓度、液体温度、pH值、电路参数等因素对敏感膜荧光发射强度的影响,同时探讨了不同激发光源对敏感膜荧光性能及其使用寿命的影响,在此基础上,实现了氧敏感膜的特异性和对溶解氧的响应度检测.实验结果表明:制备的氧敏感膜对水体中的溶解氧响应度较好,检测误差保持在1％左右,在溶解氧/葡萄糖含量测定、微生物传感检测等方面有着较好的应用前景.     

可视嗅觉传感器阵列研究及图像分析

针对目前电子鼻系统普遍存在的检测范围窄、受环境湿度影响较大等缺点,本文依据金属卟啉配合物与有机气体反应会产生颜色变化的原理,研制了一种新型的气体敏感膜,设计了可视嗅觉传感器阵列的实验系统.系统通过分析敏感膜与不同的气体反应所呈现的颜色变化识别气体,具有完全不受外界水蒸气影响和检测精度高等特点.用该传感器敏感膜分别对环己胺、乙腈和四氢呋喃进行了试验,试验结果表明该传感器阵列能够正确地识别这三种有机物.     

杯芳烃在SAW化学传感器中的应用

该文简要回顾了SAW化学传感器的发展及其敏感膜的研究情况,着重介绍了第三代超分子一杯芳烃的结构特点、识别有机化合物的能力以及作为SAW化学传感器敏感膜层的使用情况,并对杯芳烃SAW传感器在检测有毒工业化学品及化学战剂领域中的应用前景进行了展望.     

Conceptual design and simulation analysis of thermal behaviors of TGR blast furnace and oxygen blast furnace

Extensive use of carbon based fuel is the main inducement for global warming and more extreme weather.Reducing carbon dioxide emission and enhancing energy use is a common subject in steel industry.In the integrated steel plant,decreasing carbon dioxide emission must consider energy balance in the whole iron and steel works,and secondary energy must be actively utilized.As promising blast-furnaces,top gas recovery blast furnace(TGR-BF) and oxygen blast furnace have been investigated.In this paper,conceptual...     

A Multicriteria Problem of Distribution of System Blood Flow among Organs and Tissues and an Algorithm for its Solution

A multicriteria mathematical model is proposed for finding the volumetric rate of blood flow in human tissues with a known volumetric system circulation rate. An algorithm is developed for decision-making as to distribution of the system blood flow among different tissues with regard for data on the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide discharge in different tissues.     

Carbon-film-based humidity sensor containing sodium or potassium. Recovery effect

The paper describes the recovery effect of some modified carbon films applied as a humidity-sensitive resistor. The carbon films were prepared using mixtures of furfuryl alcohol and NaOH (or KOH) solution. The films have been tested as humidity-rensitive resistors. FT-IR investigations revealed that due to oxygen and carbon dioxide chemisorption the carbon surface was covered by polar surface functional groups. The electric resistance of such films with oxidised surface is extremely sensitive to contact with water vapour. On the contrary, the sensitivity of newly obtained Na (or K)-modified carbon films towards water vapour was found to be relatively minor before ageing. The process of humidity sensitivity development (caused by oxidation of carbon surface) is reversible, i.e., the sensitivity disappears upon HCl and/or heat treatment but recovers after a sufficiently long storage in air.     

Nonlinear robust blood–gas control by state linearisation for the cardiopulmonary bypass

A new feedback-control strategy is presented for the control of oxygen and carbon dioxide contents in the arterial blood during cardiopulmonary heart–lung support. In this highly nonlinear system incorporating process dependent time-delays, various uncertainties and time-varying parameters, the adjustment of blood gases has up to now been achieved manually by experienced perfusionist staff. This new control approach uses a state feedback-linearisation method with a Smith-like predictor and two external linear gain scheduled controllers. In a first stage the control was robustly designed and tuned with a complex and validated model of the blood–gas process. In a second stage the control was tested in simulations with the oxygenator model, extended by heart–lung machine dynamics. Both, oxygen and carbon dioxide controllers showed stability over the whole operating range and a good disturbance rejection to extracorporeal blood flow changes. The new control method is suggested to improve the patients’ safety and, as a side effect, to remove workload from the anaesthetist and the perfusion technician, so that they can focus on more critical tasks during the surgery.     

RBF神经网络在红外CO_2传感器压力补偿中的应用研究

在红外CO2传感器的测量过程中,环境总压是一个重要的影响因素。在环境总压变化的情况下做好压力补偿得出正确的CO2气体分压值,对提高传感器的测量精度有重要意义。提出一种基于聚类和梯度法的径向基函数(RBF)神经网络方法,利用它的局部逼近特性,建立起其在红外CO2传感器的非线性压力补偿中的网络模型。实验结果表明:该应用收到了良好的效果。     

球形光声腔中二氧化碳的检测

气体光声光谱技术是一种基于光声效应的微量气体检测技术,它具有高灵敏度、高选择性、大动态检测范围的优点,本文从理论上讨论了气体检测球形光声腔共振模式的声学特性,计算表明,与常用的圆柱形光声腔比较,球形光声腔不存在粘滞损耗,具有更好的检测特性;利用球形光声腔和二氧化碳激光器构成的气体光声检测系统,从实验上测量了球形光声腔的共振模式,与理论计算结果一致;实验结果表明注入浓度为300 ppm二氧化碳的球形光声腔所激发的光声信号为5.68 mV,信噪比高达45,尽可能地降低了声波在光声腔内壁附近的热损耗和粘滞损耗,提高了二氧化碳气体检测灵敏度。     

基于EMD-PSO-LSSVM的碳排分解集成预测方法

二氧化碳排放量的发展趋势作为能够反映各国减排措施的指标之一,近些年来受到广泛关注.为了缓解碳排放数据的非线性和波动性对预测精度造成的影响,提出一种高效的分解集成预测方法用于预测二氧化碳的年排放量.碳排的原始序列数据被经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition, EMD)方法分解为不同频率的振动模块和残差项,粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization, PSO)优化后的最小二乘支持向量机(least squares support vector machine, LSSVM)用于预测每个分解模块.选取世界上12个国家的真实碳排数据进行实例验证,预测结果表明:EMD方法能够有效提高碳排预测的精准度;与其他预测模型相比,分解集成预测方法能够将平均绝对误差(mean absolute error, MAE)的均值最少提高46.46%,最多提高90.09%,将平均Pearson相关系数(Pearson correlation coefficient, PCC)值最少提高10.45%,最多提高45.10%.     

煤表面对多种气体分子混合吸附的微观机理

应用量子化学密度泛函理论,在6-311 g水平上对建立的吸附模型进行全优化.结果表明,煤的表面能够与多组分气体发生混合吸附.煤表面吸附氧、氮和二氧化碳分子组成的吸附态中,氧分子和氮分子在煤表面的侧链吸附,CO2则在苯环的上方.煤表面氨基上的C原子和N原子的电子向氧分子中的氧原子转移.煤表面吸附了二氧化碳和氮分子,氧分子所得的电子减少,表明如果煤表面吸附其它种类分子,则削弱了吸附氧的作用.吸附后O2的频率变化较大,N2和CO2的频率变化很小.煤表面与矿井采空区各种气体发生吸附时的亲和顺序为:氧气>水>二氧化碳>氮气>一氧化碳>甲烷.     

Solubility of CO2 in aqueous ammonia solution at low temperature

The solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous ammonia solution with concentrations of 1.13, 2.18, 3.83, 6, and 8.11 molal was measured at atmospheric pressure and a range of temperatures from 268.15 to 288.15 K. The results showed that the solubility of carbon dioxide in ammonia aqueous solution increased with increasing temperature. The UNIQUAC-NRF model is applied to the experimental data for the present work. This modified model is used to calculate carbon dioxide solubility in aqueous ammonia solution at a range of temperatures from 268.15 to 288.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The results of AAD% (Absolute Average Deviation) show that the UNIQUAC-NRF model can accurately correlate the solubility of experimental data of carbon dioxide in aqueous ammonia solution over a wide range of low temperatures.     

Detection of atmospheric gases using GER 63 channel scanner data acquired over Makhtesh Ramon,Negev, Israel

Geophysical Environmental Research (GER) 63 channel scanner data acquired over Makhtesh Ramon, Negev, Israel, were investigated to retrieve information about atmospheric gases. Converting the data into apparent reflectance units via radiometric calibration, solar curve utilization and an offset factor revealed spectral features that matched modelled atmospheric gas spectra. The modelled spectra were generated using Lowtran-7 code and flight conditions. Most of the absorption features in the GER-reflectance spectra matched modelled features. Inconsistencies between the peak intensity at the oxygen bands (# 18 and #24) in the modelled and GER-reflectance spectra suggest error in the GER radiometric calibration for those bands. The modelled gas spectra indicate approximately 1-6cm precipitable water vapour for the flight and show thai the local topographic relief of 500?m can be detected from the spectral slope between 1·680-2·005/mi region (1·68/1·90 and 1·80/2·005) and from the normalized depth of the water vapour and carbon dioxide features at I-800/<m and 2005/im respectively. The correlation with the elevation is best shown by ln[A(λ)/R(λ)] at λ=l·800μm and λ — 2·005fim where A stands for the reflectance at the gas absorption wavelength A, and R for the reflectance at this wavelength if no gases occur. Both parameters (slope and \n[A(λ)/R(λ)] at around λ = 1·680-2·005μm) were calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis and revealed good correlation with the topography. We conclude that these relations best describe the water vapour and carbon dioxide gas content as viewed by the GER sensor through the optical path length. Surface reflectance features such as clay minerals were found to enhance the slope parameter and to result in overestimation of the water vapour and the carbon dioxide contents by about 10 per cent. Although the calculations described here do not provide absolute water vapour or carbon dioxide values, these results show that quantitative detection of atmospheric gases from GER data may be possible.