Si、Mg对铝轮毂用A356合金流动性的影响

研究了Si、Mg元素对A356合金流动性能的影响，研究结果表明：在A356合金中，Si元素和Mg元素在允许范围内适当增加添加量，分别使铝合金流动性提高29．8％和14．34％。     

硼对Al-20Si合金初晶硅的细化作用

研究了B对过共晶Al-20Si合金中初晶Si的细化作用.结果表明,B对Al-20Si合金中初晶Si具有良好的细化作用.初晶Si尺寸先随B含量的增加而减小,当B含量为0.065%时初晶Si尺寸达到最小,之后,随B含量的增加而增大;添加微量的Ca和Mg可促进B对初晶Si的细化作用;C_2Cl_6精炼除气会削弱B对初晶Si的细化效果.B与Ca、Mg等元素能反应生成可作为Si异质核心的化合物可能是B具有细化初晶Si作用的原因.     

Mg含量对汽车发动机缸体用Al-Si-Cu合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

熔炼制得不同Mg含量的汽车发动机缸体材料Al-Si-Cu合金,以实验制得的合金为研究对象,研究了Mg元素含量对其微观组织、力学性能的影响。结果表明:汽车发动机缸体材料Al-Si-Cu合金中加入一定量的Mg能显著提高铸态及T6态合金的抗拉强度、硬度;随着Mg含量的增加,合金中开始产生Mg_2Si相,Mg_2Si相强化了合金的抗拉强度与屈服强度;但过多Mg元素将不能全部溶入基体,产生较粗大的Mg_2Si脆性相,降低合金抗拉强度及硬度,试验合金中加入0.4%Mg的合金力学性能最佳;随着冷却速率的增加,合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和硬度均增加。     

Y和Sc对A356合金组织与性能的影响

对比研究了微量稀土元素Y、Sc对A356合金铸态显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,0.3%的Y、0.3%的Sc均能明显减小合金中α-Al枝晶间距,细化α-Al晶粒,使片状共晶Si部分纤维化,但对Si变质效果均不如Sr。等量Y和Sc细化变质效果相比,Y的细化效果不如Sc,但Sc对共晶Si的变质效果不如Y;与之相对应,Y提高A356合金铸态力学性能的幅度优于等量Sc。     

Al-Si-Mg-Y合金消失模铸造振动压力凝固的组织与性能

应用消失模铸造振动压力凝固成形技术制备了Al-7Si-0.8Mg-0.3Y(ASMY)合金。通过SEM、XRD、DSC和TEM等测试方法对其铸态和T6组织进行分析,研究其对力学性能的影响。结果表明:在ASMY合金铸态组织的晶界处生成有少量Al3Y短棒状颗粒相;在T6热处理过程中,稀土Y或Al3Y阻碍Mg2Si相的析出和扩散聚集,使析出相Mg2Si呈弥散分布;Mg2Si相与晶界稳定相Al3Y对合金同时起到钉扎强化作用;采用消失模铸造振动压力凝固技术后,铝合金的孔隙率显著降低,从1.1%降低0.18%;ASMY合金消失模铸造振动压力凝固试样T6态的抗拉强度达到308MPa,比A356普通消失模试样T6态的抗拉强度提高29%。     

凝固组织和Mg含量对A356合金快速热处理的影响

研究了凝固组织和Mg含量对A356合金快速热处理的影响。结果表明,A356合金经过Sr变质后,其凝固组织中的共晶Si形貌由纤维状变成球状,初生α相的晶粒尺寸减小。经过540℃×20 min+170℃×90 min快速热处理,合金微观组织中的Mg_2Si强化相能够充分固溶到基体中,其抗拉强度与T6态的基本相同。随着合金中Mg含量增加,固溶处理时,Mg_2Si相充分固溶进基体所需要的时间增加。当合金中Mg含量由0.3%增加到0.9%时,则需要经过540℃×40 min+170℃×90 min快速热处理,其力学性能与T6态的基本相同。     

Sr和Sb变质AZ61-0.7Si合金的铸态组织和力学性能

Mg2Si相的变质和细化被认为是改善含Si镁合金力学性能的关键因素之一.研究了Sr和Sb变质AZ61-0.7Si镁合金的铸态组织和力学性能.研究结果表明:添加0.4%(质量分数)Sb对AZ61-0.7Si镁合金中的汉字状Mg2Si相有一定细化作用,但没有明显变质效果.相反,添加微量Sr对AZ61-0.7Si合金中的汉字状Mg2Si相有明显变质和细化作用.在AZ61-0.7Si合金中添加0.03%～0.09%Sr(质量分数)后,合金中的Mg2Si相从粗大汉字状形貌变为细小的颗粒状和/或多边形状.相应地,合金的抗拉性能和蠕变性能得到显著提高.     

添加重熔料后ZL205A合金的组织与性能

通过向ZL205A合金铸锭中添加不同比例的重熔料,进行重熔、浇注.对利用ZL205A合金组织遗传性细化合金品粒、提高合金力学性能进行初步研究.结果表明,ZL205A合金添加不同含量重熔料后,合金组织均有所细化;合金性能随着重熔料含量的增加先增大后减小.当重熔料含量为20%时,合金组织最为细小,晶粒尺寸达到33um左右:铸态力学性能达到最优,抗拉强度比原料ZL205A合金抗拉强度提高了11.6%,屈服强度和伸长率均较高,分别为87.6MPa及7.5%.进一步增加重熔料含量,合金组织粗化,力学性能逐渐恶化.     

A356合金的组织与热疲劳性能研究

以A356合金为研究对象,采用复合细化变质、微合金化和T6热处理的方法制备了5种A356合金,研究了合金的力学性能、显微组织和不同温度幅下的热疲劳性能,并分析了热疲劳裂纹的生长行为和产生机理。结果表明,经过复合细化变质、微合金化和T6热处理可以使A356合金的力学性能得到提高;经过T6热处理后,复合细化变质和复合细化变质+微合金化的A356合金中共晶Si的形态由针片状转变为颗粒状,共晶Si棱角圆整化程度提高提高,铸态A356合金的热疲劳寿命得到延长;在温度幅下限不变的前提下,合金的热疲劳寿命随着温度幅上限的提高而逐渐降低;经过复合细化变质+微合金化+T6热处理后合金的裂纹萌生和扩展速率最低,热疲劳寿命最长。     

铸态Mg-Sn-Si-Sr合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和光学显微镜(OM)分别研究Mg-5Sn-xSi-0.5Sr(x=1,2)和Mg-5Sn-ySi-2Sr(y=1,2)合金的相组成和显微组织,采用力学性能试验机测定合金的拉伸性能。结果表明:Mg-Sn-Si-Sr系合金组织由α-Mg、MgSnSr、Mg2Sn、Mg2Si相所组成。Mg2Si相含量随Si元素的增加而增加,加入Sr元素会促进MgSnSr相的形成,抑制相界上Mg2Sn相的析出。Sn和Sr均能够细化Mg2Si相。当Sr含量由0.5%提高到2%(质量分数)后Mg2Si和Mg2Sn相均能得到显著细化,从而显著提高合金的抗拉强度与屈服强度。     

加钛方式与钛含量对A356合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同钛含量的电解A356合金的组织和力学性能,并与相应钛含量的熔配加钛A356合金进行了比较.结果表明:随着钛含量的增加,二者的晶粒和一次枝晶都明显细化,硅颗粒尺寸、纵横比均有所降低,硅颗粒圆形度有所增加,意味着硅颗粒形状得到改善.但当钛含量大于0.1%时,这种影响变弱.钛含量和加钛方式对合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度影响不大且二者相当,但塑性随着钛含量的增加而增加,当钛含量达到0.1%时,两种合金均具有最佳的塑性和质量系数.对具有相同钛含量的合金,电解加钛A356合金的晶粒和Si颗粒的尺寸小于相应钛含量熔配加钛A356合金,硅颗粒圆形度也优于相应熔配加钛A356合金,电解A356合金的塑性、质量系数均优于相应钛含量的熔配加钛A356合金,但加钛方式对硅颗粒纵横比影响不系统.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of A356 alloy cast through rapid slurry formation (RSF) process

The effect of T5 heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy was observed. The as-cast A356 alloy exhibited coarse dendrites and long Si needles. RSF process changed the dendritic α-Al phase to globular morphology which helps in improving the mechanical properties of the alloy. The addition of 0.6wt-% Al–5Ti–1B grain refiner refined the average grain size of primary α-Al phase. T5 heat treatment at 170 °C for 20 h in different processing conditions was given to A356 alloy. T5 heat treatment led to further refinement of α-Al phase and Si needles, precipitation hardening due to Mg₂Si phase and reduction in the porosity level (%). The Quality Index for A356 alloy in different processing conditions was also measured. Results showed that RSF process with the use of baffles, addition of grain refiner and T5 heat treatment had improved the mechanical properties over other processing conditions.     

电解低钛汽车轮毂材料的研究

本文应用原位钛合金化、细晶化的电解低钛铝基合金为母材生产汽车轮毂材料——A356合金，对其微观组织及性能进行了研究。研究发现：电解低钛A356合金较传统的熔配加钛A356合金组织细化，一次枝晶细小，二次枝晶臂间距短；经过T5短时处理，硅相球化良好，颗粒细小，强化元素Si、Mg在基体中均匀、弥散析出。电解低钛A356合金具有高强度和高韧性的良好力学性能匹配，σь≥300MPa和δ≥8％的性能比传统熔配加钛的A356合金强度和塑性均可提高20％以上。     

AlSi7Mg合金半固态压铸件热处理强化机理研究

对AlSi7Mg合金(A356)半固态压铸件和液态压铸件进行了不同工艺的固溶与时效热处理，分析了其显微组织与疏松度，测定了硬度、拉伸强度及延伸率等力学性能。实验得出，铝合金半固态压铸件原始态的力学性能优于液态压铸件，并且半固态压铸件时效强化效果尤其明显，拉伸强度可达330MPa以上，延伸率10％以上。这主要是由于半固态压铸件比液压件具有更加致密，且为球状的非树枝晶组织。铝合金半固态压铸件时效强化，机理主要归于弥散析出Mg2Si强化相。     

Effect of the Addition of High Li Concentration on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg-Si Alloys with Different Mg Contents

In the present work,the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of Al-l.5 Mg-0.6Si and Al-3.0 Mg-0.6Si alloy containing 3 wt％ Li were investigated by optical microscopy (OM),X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and mechanical performance testing.The addition of Li reduces the density of the base alloy by up to 8.4％.The residual second phases contain Mg and Si in the hot-rolled condition,but the Mg/Si atomic ratio decreases after quenching,which means that Li substitute some of the Mg and convert Mg2Si into a (Mg,Li)2Si phase during solution treatment.The results of SIMS observations confirm this.The high Mg-containing alloy has a more rapid hardening response compared to the low Mg-containing alloy.TEM observation reveals that the δ'-Al3Li + β"-Mg2Si dual phases can be observed in the high Mg-containing alloy after aging for 100 h at 170 ℃.The higher Mg content enhances the precipitation of the δ'phase,which results in the high Mg-containing alloy having a larger average diameter size of δ'particles and wider δ'-precipitate-free zones (δ'-PFZs).The mechanical properties are significantly improved with the elastic modulus increasing by more than 16.5％.However,the existence of large second phases and wide δ'-PFZs in Li-containing alloys is detrimental to their ductility;as a result,their elongation is much lower than that of the base alloy.     

Effect of addition of Si on microstructure,mechanical properties,bio-corrosion and cytotoxicity of Mg-6Al-1Zn alloy

The Mg-6Al-4Zn alloy was fabricated by mechanical alloying (MA) and hot pressing to serve as biodegradable metal implant. The influence of addition of 1% Si (mass fraction) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion behavior of Mg-6Al-1Zn alloy was studied using X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, compression test, as well as immersion, electrochemical test and MTT assay. The results showed that the addition of 1% Si to Mg-6Al-1Zn alloy led to the formation of fine Mg₂Si phase with polygonal shape, and increased compressive strength, elongation and improved corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the cell viability of Saos-2 cells has been improved by addition of 1% Si to Mg-6Al-1Zn alloy. According to the results, the magnesium ions released in the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) test have not shown any cell toxicity. All these indicated that the addition of 1% Si improved the properties of Mg-6Al-4Zn alloy for using as a biodegradable implant.     

不同合金元素对Mg15Al高铝镁合金组织与性能的影响

研究了不同合金元素（Zn,Nd,Si）对Mg15Al镁合金的组织和性能的影响。通过对Mg15Al,Mg15Al1Zn,Mg15Al1Si,Mg15Al1．5Nd四种合金微观组织的观察和力学性能的测定,发现添加了合金元素后Mg合金组织中α—Mg基体和β—Mg17Al12相都得到了不同程度的细化,其中Mg15Al1Si,Mg15Al1．5Nd合金组织中有第三相生成,其形态分别为汉字状、块状,长针状。试验结果表明：添加zn和Nd元素后,抗拉强度比Mg15Al合金显著提高。提高幅度分另4为：13．2％和16．6％,而添加si元素后Mg15Al1Si合金抗拉强度比Mg15Al合金低。添加Nd元素后,伸长率比Mgl5Al合金显著提高,增幅为140％,添加了Si元素和Zn元素后,伸长率比Mg15Al合金低。     

Effects of silicon,magnesium and strontium content on the qualities of Al-Si-Mg alloys

According to the specification of AA standard, the magnesium content of 356.1 alloy ranges from 0.25 to 0.45%. In producing Al-Si-Mg alloy the strontium content for the modified 356 (Al-7%Mg) alloy might range from 0.005 to 0.02%. Therefore, 356 alloys might be produced with different percentages of Mg and/or Sr. The effects of changes in Si content (from 6.6% to 10.8% in gravity casting and 6.5% to 10.3% in squeeze casting), Mg content (from 0.36% to 0.48% in gravity casting and 0.3% to 0.44% in squeeze casting), and Sr content (from 0.0007% to 0.0158% in gravity casting and 0.0015% to 0.04% in squeeze casting) on the microstructures, density, mechanical properties and strength of different Al-Si-Mg alloys were fully investigated and discussed. Different melts were poured in the ASTM B108 permanent mould and dies in a vertical squeeze machine to produce bar castings. These bar castings were then machined and the mechanical properties tested. Experimental results showed that if a high strength and a high elongation were desired in a squeeze casting after T6 treatment, an increase in Si and Sr content to 9.9% and 0.019% (Mg at 0.3%) would lead to 280 MPa strength, 12% elongation and Weibull modulus of 34 in reliability of strength. If both strength and reliability were desired in a squeeze casting after T6 treatment, an increase in Si content to 10.3% (Sr at 0.0015% and Mg at 0.3%) would result in 294 MPa strength, 8.7% elongation and a great Weibull modulus of 67. In gravity casting, after T6 treatment, increasing Si content to 10.4–10.55% and Sr content in the range of 0.0007–0.0208% and 0.35% Mg could develop 282–284 MPa strength at about 6.6% elongation with Weibull modulus of around 31. In Al-7Si-Mg alloy, increasing Mg content from 0.26% to 0.48% decreased the tested elongations of both as-cast and heat treated squeeze castings and gravity castings.     

基于人工神经网络与遗传算法的Al-Mg-Si系合金抗拉强度预测模型

为了研究Al-Mg-Si系合金热处理制度和合金成分对力学性能的影响规律,采用人工神经网络（artificial neural network, ANN）和遗传算法（genetic algorithm, GA）相结合的方法,构建了Al-Mg-Si系合金强度预测模型（ANN-GA模型）。通过单因素和双因素分析,研究了合金元素含量和热处理工艺参数对铝合金抗拉强度的影响规律。结果表明,随着Si含量的增加,铝合金的抗拉强度呈现先降低后升高的趋势;随着Mg含量的增加、Cu含量的增加或者Fe含量的减少,铝合金的抗拉强度整体上呈现升高的趋势。双因素分析更能反映输入参数对铝合金抗拉强度的影响。Mg/Si比、Mg+Si总量和时效时间对Al-Mg-Si系合金力学性能的影响显著。铝合金的硬度随时间的变化趋势与ANN-GA模型的计算结果一致,峰值时效时间为29 h,相对误差为11.86%。     

Mg元素对强流脉冲电子束改性后Al-20Si合金表面微观组织及性能的影响

目的通过添加Mg元素改善Al-20Si合金的组织,提升其表面力学性能。方法运用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、显微硬度计及多功能材料表面性能试验仪等一系列检测手段,考察Mg元素对强流脉冲电子束改性Al-20Si合金表面效果的影响,及合金表面微观组织和表面力学性能的变化。结果 Mg元素能与硅相形成更细小的Mg_2Si相来细化初生硅相,同时可改善强流脉冲电子束处理后铝硅合金表面产生的微裂纹。材料表面经强流脉冲电子束改性后,所有的衍射峰发生了宽化及偏移。两组合金铝基体的显微硬度随着脉冲数的增加而逐渐递增,Al-20Si合金铝基体的显微硬度由745.5MPa增加到2170.7MPa,Al-20Si-5Mg合金的铝基体显微硬度由1061.3 MPa增加到2403.6 MPa,Mg元素的添加可提高Al-20Si合金的硬度。另外,通过往复摩擦试验发现,Mg元素及强流脉冲电子束都能提高材料的耐磨性。结论 Mg元素能改善强流脉冲电子束处理后Al-20Si合金表面的微观组织,添加Mg元素后,Al-20Si合金表面的力学性能得到提高。