450kt/a铜冶炼烟气制酸装置的设计与运行实践

介绍了450 kt/a烟气制酸装置采用1套净化、2套转化干吸系统的技术改造方案。A系统用"3+1"4段转化、ⅢⅠ-ⅣⅡ换热流程;B系统采用"3+1"4段转化、ⅣⅠ-ⅢⅡ换热流程。脱硫系统用电石渣-石膏湿法动力波洗涤脱硫;污酸污水处理选用铁盐中和法。针对2套系统生产中存在的问题采取相应的技改措施后,运行指标达到设计要求,取得了满意的效果。A系统转化率达99.87%,B系统达到99.3%,尾气排放ρ(SO_2)小于200 mg/m~3,污水实现"零"排放。     

大型硫酸装置低压降两次转化技术的实践

介绍了200kt/a硫酸装置低压降两次转化工艺的设计。对ⅢⅠ—ⅣⅡ、ⅣⅠ—ⅢⅡ、ⅢⅡ—ⅣⅠ三种换热流程进行比较,从换热面积和换热均衡性的角度,论证了ⅢⅠ—ⅣⅡ3+1流程最为合理,对炉气SO_2浓度、温度的变化适应性最强。设计中还通过采用新型环状钒催化剂,低转化器气速、高效低压降换热设备,使转化工序的总压降达到26～28kPa。计算表明,在国内目前电力较紧张的状况下,大型硫酸装置采用这种低压降转化工艺,可达到设备投资与操作费用之间的最佳平衡,从而获得最佳的综合经济效益。     

铜陵有色400 kt/a硫酸装置转化工序的设计及运行

介绍了铜陵有色400 kt/a硫铁矿制酸装置转化工序设计及运行情况,转化工序采用ⅢⅠ-ⅣⅡ"3+1"两次转化换热流程.针对实际运行中存在的问题如总转化率偏低、转化器二段床层进口温度偏低等进行了技术改造,改造后转化工序各项工艺指标达到或优于设计值,总转化率维持在99.8%以上,尾气达标排放.     

3+2五段两次转化工艺两种换热流程比较

确定了3+2五段两次转化工艺中ⅢⅠ—ⅤⅣⅡ和ⅤⅣⅠ—ⅢⅡ两种换热流程较适宜的转化温度,并对其各自所需要的换热面积、气浓波动的影响以及去一吸塔、二吸塔的气体温度进行了比较,从中推荐ⅢⅠ—ⅤⅣⅡ换热流程。     

铜冶炼烟气制酸装置提高转化气浓技改实践

介绍了针对φ(SO_2)低于5%的低浓度制酸系统将φ(SO_2)提高到10%后转化工序技改工艺流程、设备选型和生产实践情况。转化工序由"2+2"4段转化、ⅣⅢⅠ-Ⅱ换热流程改为"3+1"4段转化、ⅣⅠ-ⅢⅡ换热流程,采用进口催化剂,2台吸收塔入口各增设1台热管锅炉。改造后,生产稳定,尾气排放ρ(SO_2)为268 mg/m~3,2台锅炉共产出低压蒸汽2.5 t/h,达到了节能减排的效果,降低了生产成本。     

白银有色三冶铅锌烧结烟气制酸改造工艺设计

介绍了白银有色三冶170 kt/a铅锌烧结烟气制酸装置技术改造情况.净化工序采用一级动力波洗涤器-气体冷却塔-两级玻璃钢电除雾器工艺流程,转化工序采用ⅣⅠ-ⅢⅡ"3+1"两次转化换热流程,干吸工序采用低位高效干吸塔、三塔三槽配置.通过采用大蓄热量转化器和高效气体换热器、提高催化剂装填定额、加强转化器及管道保温、用电炉补热等措施,保证了该硫酸装置的正常运行.设计进转化器气体ψ(SO2)4.82%,转化率大于99.5%,吸收率大于99.95%,尾气p(SO2)≤740mg/m3,硫酸产量510t/d.     

铜陵有色金冠铜业奥炉项目制酸系统生产实践

介绍了铜陵有色金冠铜业奥炉项目760 kt/a铜冶炼制酸系统的设计和生产运行情况。制酸系统稀酸洗涤净化采用一级动力波洗涤塔—填料洗涤塔—二级动力波洗涤塔—两级电除雾器工艺流程,转化换热采用ⅢⅠ-ⅣⅡ"3+1" 4段转化流程。针对实际生产中遇到的问题采取相应改进措施后,装置各项技术经济指标良好,SO_2转化率达到99.91%以上,二吸塔出口烟气ρ(SO_2)400 mg/m~3。     

对硫酸生产中五段转化工艺的探讨

对80Kt/a硫酸装置进行了3 2五段转化的工艺计算。在所选定的转化温度制度下,ⅢⅠ—ⅤⅣⅡ换热流程的换热面积比ⅤⅣⅠ—ⅢⅡ换热流程少6.6％,并且升温速度快。建议采用。     

宝钢化工35kt/a含硫废液制酸装置设计简介

介绍了宝钢化工35 kt/a含硫废液制酸装置的设计,详述其工艺流程和主要设备。制酸装置主要包括焚烧、净化、转化、干吸工序,采用稀酸洗净化、ⅣⅠ-ⅢⅡ"3+1"2次转化工艺。运行情况表明,各项技术经济指标均达到设计要求,尾气达标排放。     

俄罗斯某铜厂烟气制酸项目的EPS工程实践

介绍了俄罗斯某铜厂800 kt/a铜冶炼烟气制酸装置的EPS工程实践。详述了该项目的冶炼烟气特点、制酸工艺方案选择及主要设备选型。该装置采用"3+1"二转二吸、ⅢⅠ-ⅣⅡ换热流程,核心设备为内置换热器的转化器,一吸塔和二吸塔共用1台吸收酸循环槽。投入运行后SO2转化率大于或等于99.90%,SO_3吸收率大于99.99%,尾气排放φ(SO_2)小于或等于0.013%。     

橡胶履带硫化成型工艺及设备研究进展

综述国内外橡胶履带硫化成型工艺及设备的研究进展。介绍二次成型硫化法、一次成型硫化法和成型硫化一体化硫化法等橡胶履带硫化工艺及设备的特点,分析了目前橡胶履带生产过程中存在的问题及未来发展趋势。二次成型硫化法芯金定位不够精确,硫化不均匀,但对设备要求较低,投入少;一次成型硫化法芯金定位准确,硫化均匀,但对设备要求较高,投入大;成型硫化一体化硫化法相对于一次成型硫化法,芯金定位更准确,减少硫化成型步骤,但对硫化成型内模要求更高。未来计算机辅助设计和制造橡胶履带将成为发展方向。     

过程工业与过程工程学

简要叙述了过程工业与过程工程学的内容及特点     

Smart manufacturing: Handling preventive actuator maintenance and economics using model predictive control

Integrating components and systems of the manufacturing process is an important area of research to enable the future development and deployment of the Smart Manufacturing paradigm. An economic model predictive control (EMPC) scheme is proposed that effectively integrates scheduled preventive control actuator maintenance, process economics, and process control into a unified methodology. To accomplish this goal, a Lyapunov‐based EMPC (LEMPC) scheme is formulated for handling changing number of online actuators (i.e., changing number of manipulated inputs). Closed‐loop stability under the proposed LEMPC is proven. Subsequently, the LEMPC is applied to a chemical process network used for benzene alkylation to demonstrate that the LEMPC can maintain stability and improve dynamic economic performance of the process network in the presence of changing number of available control actuators resulting from scheduled preventive maintenance tasks. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2179–2196, 2014     

Biomass-based chemical production using techno-economic and life cycle analysis

Furfural has been selected as one of the top 30 biomass derived platform compounds by the U.S. Department of Energy based on several indicators including the raw material used for production, estimated processing cost, technical complexity, and market potential. In this work, several high value chemicals such as butadiene, surfactants, jet-fuels, and lubricants are produced from furfural. The paper proposes the integrated flowsheet to produce those chemical and techno-economic and life cycle analysis is performed to compare the minimum selling price and environmental impacts of the integrated process. The capital and operating cost for production of lubricants and surfactants is the highest when compared with other products. Production of surfactants performs the best in terms of environmental impacts except in water depletion when compared with other processes while butadiene production performs the worst regarding the environmental effects.     

1,4-丁二醇的生产及应用

1,4-丁二醇的生产工艺主要包括Reppe法、丁二烯乙酰氧基化法、环氧丙烷法和顺酐法。介绍了国内、外1,4-丁二醇的生产现状和应用情况,并对新建、扩建装置的建设给出了建议。     

高浓度氨氮废水的处理现状与发展

简述了高浓度氨氮废水的危害及来源，介绍了对高浓主氨氮废水处理的三种方法：物化法，化学法，生物法，并对这些方法工艺在国内的应用前景作出展望。     

Process design methodology for energy‐efficient processes operating below and across ambient temperature

This article presents a targeting and design methodology that can be implemented for any process where pressure‐based exergy, also known as mechanical exergy, has an important contribution to the total exergy conversion and transfer. However, in this article it is applied to processes that operate at sub‐ambient conditions, or processes where the ambient conditions are crossed. Exergy efficiencies, new Exergetic Composite Curves, Cascades, and Extended Grid Diagrams are tools that had to be implemented, improved, or invented, to develop a methodology with considerable potential for energy‐efficient process design. The appropriate placement (correct integration) of compressors and expanders in heat exchanger networks is also analyzed to minimize the number of units. An example is used to demonstrate the methodology, where several simplifying assumptions are made to facilitate understanding and to explain the design method. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2324–2340, 2016     

城市煤气低温甲醇洗净化工艺模拟与改造研究

应用Aspen P lus软件,采用改进的PSRK热力学模型,在完成对工艺流程设计工况模拟分析的基础上,针对低温甲醇洗工艺在生产中出现的净化气和放空气硫含量超标问题,提出了4项改进措施,对改造方案进行了模拟和优化。