油茶籽壳提取物抗氧化及抗癌活性研究

目的:观察油茶籽壳不同溶剂提取物(乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、氯仿、水)体外抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性。方法:采用Folin-Ciocalteu和三氯化铝方法检测总酚及总黄酮含量;采用DPPH法和邻二氮菲-Fe2+氧化法测抗氧化活性;采用CCK-8法测细胞的活性。结果:油茶籽壳乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物、氯仿提取物、水提取物总酚含量分别为79.25±4.552、51.81±3.651、2.762±0.523、19.73±1.191mg/g;总黄酮含量分别为26.73±0.613、15.63±1.126、13.16±0.672、5.734±0.761mg/g;油茶籽壳乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物、氯仿提取物、水提取物在15.625~250μg/m L范围内体外抗氧化活性均具有剂量依赖性;对Hep G2细胞增殖抑制作用在62.5~250μg/m L范围内均具有剂量依赖性。结论:体外抗氧化活性和抗肿瘤活性强弱均表现为乙酸乙酯提取物正丁醇提取物水提取物氯仿提取物,其中乙酸乙酯是油茶籽壳提取的有效溶剂。     

黑豆皮多酚提取物抗氧化活性研究

以黑豆皮为原料,分别利用体积分数70%的甲醇、乙醇和丙酮作为提取溶剂进行多酚类物质提取,研究提取物中总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性。结果显示:丙酮提取物的多酚得率最高[(11.23±0.05)g/100g],且提取物中的总酚含量为(845.32±21.35)mg/g,总黄酮含量为(63.72±2.35)mg/g。同时,丙酮提取物对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的IC_(50)分别为(0.059±0.005),(0.057±0.004)mg/mL,其抗氧化能力低于抗坏血酸而高于甲醇和乙醇提取物。     

薄荷不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性的研究

采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2'-联氮基双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、Fe+还原法(FRAP)三种抗氧化模型对薄荷的水、甲醇、70％乙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯五种提取物进行抗氧化活性评价,同时分析抗氧化活性与总酚和总黄酮含量的关系.结果表明,薄荷不同提取物均表现出良好的抗氧化活性,其抗氧化活性与多酚含量呈极显著相关,与黄酮含量相关性较小.其中,水提物对DPPH自由基清除率最高,EC50值为(0.53±0.04) mg/mL;甲醇提取物对ABTS自由基清除率最高,EC50值为(1.57±0.03) mg/mL;乙酸乙酯提取物的FRAP值最高为(4.73±0.03) mmol/g;水提物中总酚含量最高为(58.81±3.10) mg/g,甲醇提取物中总黄酮含量较高为(162.95±1.91) mg/g.     

青蒿提取物的抗氧化作用及在香肠中的防腐保鲜效果研究

进行青蒿提取物的主要功能性成分含量分析及提取物体外抗氧化能力评价。在中式香肠中添加不同浓度的青蒿提取物，通过加工、贮藏不同阶段产品特性指标的测定，研究提取物对香肠抗氧化性的影响。结果显示，青蒿提取物的总酚含量为(3.45±0.71) mg GAE/g,总黄酮含量为(9.65±0.41) mg RT/g。通过3种体外抗氧化指标对青蒿提取物的抗氧化活性进行测定，IC₅₀(DPPH)为0.58 mg/mL,IC₅₀(ABTS⁺)为2.39 mg/mL,FRAP值为0.45 mmol/g。对产品贮藏期菌落总数、酸价、过氧化值、丙二醛的变化进行测定，结果表明，添加青蒿提取物的产品的抗氧化特性得到大大提升，提取物的抑菌作用也极为显著。     

杨梅枝多酚的抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法和Rancimat法评价杨梅枝各分级相提取物清除自由基及抗山茶油氧化能力,分析其总酚含量与抗氧化能力的相互关系.结果表明,杨梅枝乙酸乙酯相提取物的总酚含量最高,为714.60 mg/g,具有最强的清除自由基及抗山茶油氧化能力,其清除DPPH·能力为(1 907.51±6.40)mgTEAC/g,清除ABTS·~+能力为(1 575.90±11.76)mg TEAC/g,均显著强于阳性对照芦丁,抗山茶油氧化能力显著强于阳性对照VE.各相提取物总酚含量与其清除DPPH·和ABTS·+能力呈显著正相关性,相关系数分别为0.995 0和0.978 8.     

蓝莓叶不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

研究蓝莓叶不同溶剂提取物中总酚和黄酮的含量以及抗氧化活性.分别用水、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚等不同极性溶剂提取蓝莓叶中的活性物质,采用Folin-Cioeaile法、三氯化铝显色法分别测定不同提取物中总酚和黄酮的含量;应用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和2,2-联氮基双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除体系及β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸体系评价其抗氧化活性,考察活性物质含量与抗氧化活性的关系.结果表明,蓝莓叶提取物的抗氧化活性随提取溶剂极性的减小而减小.水提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,其清除DPPH·和ABTS+·的EC50分别为(12.78±0.10)、(6.35±0.03) μg/mL,抑制β-胡萝卜素淬灭IC50值为(25.33±0.02) μg/mL.含量测定显示水提物中总酚含量最高,为(264.67±0.29)mg/g,而甲醇提取物中黄酮含量最高,为(68.94±0.08)mg/g,相关性分析表明,不同溶剂提取物抗氧化能力差别较大,总酚和黄酮含量与抗氧化能力具有相关性,提示水可作为蓝莓叶抗氧化活性物质提取的优选溶剂,而总酚和黄酮含量可作为蓝莓叶抗氧化提取物的质量评价指标.     

芒果叶不同极性部位提取物的抗氧化活性

对芒果叶不同极性部位提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究。用DPPH法考察最优反应条件,综合评价其抗氧化活性,测定其黄酮含量,以IC50值作为评价清除DPPH自由基能力的指标,用芒果苷和抗坏血酸作为对照品进行自由基清除率的比较。试验结果表明:芒果叶石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取物及水部位提取物的黄酮含量依次为:(33.616±3.208)、(292.063±1.100)、(180.469±2.067)、(21.717±1.157)mg/g,IC50值分别为:102.877、9.014、19.494、221.784μg/mL。由此可以看出,芒果叶各类提取物均具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物抗氧化活性最强,其次为正丁醇、石油醚,最后为水部位提取物。相关性分析结果表明,芒果叶各极性部位提取物的黄酮含量与清除DPPH自由基的能力呈负相关,芒果叶各部位提取物的黄酮含量是影响其抗氧化活性的主要因素。     

藏茜草不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH自由基清除法、ABTS自由基清除法、羟自由基清除法、超氧阴离子清除法、还原力测定法和螯合力测定法六种抗氧化模型对藏茜草95%乙醇提取物以及石油醚相,乙酸乙酯相,正丁醇相和水相等4个不同极性部位的抗氧化活性进行评价,同时分析抗氧化活性与总酚和总黄酮含量的关系。研究结果表明,除水提部位外,藏茜草其它4个极性部位提取物均表现出一定的抗氧化活性,其抗氧化活性与多酚和总黄酮含量呈显著相关。其中,乙酸乙酯部位总黄酮和总多酚含量最高,抗氧化活性也最强,其总黄酮和总多酚含量分别为(232.03±1.74)mg芦丁当量/g提取物和(173.53±1.75)mg没食子酸当量/g提取物,其清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子、羟自由基和ABTS自由基的EC50分别为0.06±0.01、0.17±0.01、(0.24±0.02)mg/m L和(1.75±0.23)μg/m L,对金属离子螯合力的EC50为(0.11±0.01)mg/m L。藏茜草的乙酸乙酯极性部位具有显著的抗氧化活性,是天然抗氧化活性化合物的良好来源。     

亮叶杨桐叶中酚类物质的抗氧化和抗HepG2细胞增殖作用

研究春秋两个季节亮叶杨桐叶中酚类物质体外抗氧化活性及对Hep G2细胞的抗增殖作用。采用福林酚法、硼氢化钠/四氯苯醌比色法、超氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)、超氧自由基清除能力(PSC)、细胞抗氧化法(CAA)和亚甲基蓝染色法分析游离态/结合态多酚含量、游离态/结合态黄酮含量、游离态/结合态提取物胞外抗氧化能力、游离态提取物胞内抗氧化能力和游离态提取物对Hep G2细胞的抗增殖作用。秋季亮叶杨桐叶中游离态酚、游离态黄酮含量高,分别是142.69±0.58 mg GAE/g DW和112.98±0.37 CE/g DW;游离态提取物超氧自由基吸收能力强、超氧自由基清除能力强和细胞抗氧化能力强,分别是1723.08±109.27μmol TE/g DW、24.07±1.98μM VCE/g DW和900.84±2.68μmol QE/100 g;游离态提取物对Hep G2细胞的抗增殖作用强,EC50值为4.30 mg/m L。亮叶杨桐叶富含酚类物质,特别是秋季亮叶杨桐叶是一种新型的天然抗氧化剂的原料,可进一步开发。     

黑粒小麦麸皮功能性成分的分析及抗氧化活性的研究

以黑粒小麦麸皮为原料,对其功能性成分及抗氧化活性进行分析。研究结果表明,黑粒小麦麸皮中含有丰富的黄酮、多酚和色素类物质,其中总黄酮含量为(0.514±0.026)mg/g,总多酚含量为(2.503±0.019)mg/g,总花色苷含量为(0.154±0.015)mg/g。黑粒小麦麸皮的乙醇-水提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性,DPPH·清除率为(88.23±1.44)%,总抗氧化能力为(40.49±0.016)单位/m L。     

野艾蒿提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用

本文以95%的乙醇为溶剂,采用超声辅助提取的方法对野艾蒿进行提取,得到的粗提物干膏用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取,得到不同的萃取组分。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取野艾蒿中的挥发油。采用滤纸片法和二倍稀释法研究各个萃取组分和挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌体外抑菌活性。并研究了野艾蒿提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌生长曲线的影响。以昆明小鼠为实验动物进行体内抑菌实验。体外抑菌实验表明各组分的抑菌能力大小为乙酸乙酯相正丁醇相石油醚相=挥发油。水相组分未检出抑菌活性。石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相、挥发油的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)依次为为10.00,2.50,5.00,10.00mg/mL。乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长有显著的抑制作用(p0.05)。体内抑菌实验表明小鼠灌胃0.50 g/kg的野艾蒿提取物时,体内抑菌活性最好。比模型组的死亡率降低了77.78%。实验表明野艾蒿提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑菌活性。     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Polygonum cognatum Meissn extracts

The antioxidant activities, reducing powers, 2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activities, total phenolic compound contents and antimicrobial activities of ether, ethanol and hot water extracts of Polygonum cognatum Meissn were studied in vitro. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the water extract. However, there were no statistically significant differences among 15 µg ml^?1 extract‐containing samples in linoleic acid emulsion (0.02 M , pH 7.0) during 120 h of incubation (P > 0.05). The reducing power of the water extract was the highest, but its reducing power was markedly lower than that of ascorbic acid. The highest DPPH radical‐scavenging activity was found in the water extract, with 50% DPPH radical scavenging at a concentration of 100 µg ml^?1 dried water extract, while at the same concentration of dried ethanol extract the value was 12%. Surprisingly, no DPPH radical‐scavenging activity was observed in the ether extract. The concentrations of phenolic compounds found were 0.48, 0.50 and 0.01 µg ml^?1 gallic acid equivalent in 10 µg ml^?1 water, ethanol and ether extracts respectively. The ether and ethanol extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The water extract did not show antimicrobial activity against the studied micro‐organisms. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Extraction and analysis of antioxidant components from Origanum dictamnus

Three alternative extraction procedures were carried out in order to separate the antioxidant components and isolate an efficient extract from Origanum dictamnus. Procedure A included sequential extractions with petroleum ether (PE), diethyl ether (DE) and ethanol; procedure B sequential extractions with PE and ethyl acetate (EAc); procedure C a single step extraction with ethanol. The most efficient radical scavengers, according to the DPPH method, were isolated in ethanol extract of procedure A (mainly rosmarinic acid), followed by ethanol extract of procedure C. However, both ethanol extracts had low solubility in oil and could not protect it. EAc and DE extracts, containing mainly apigenin and epirosmanol ethyl ether, presented lower radical scavenging activity but were very effective against autoxidation of cottonseed oil (a concentration of 200 ppm was adequate to stabilize it). PE extract protected the oil effectively at concentration of 350 ppm, while being the least active against DPPH.Industrial relevanceThis study examines Origanum dictamnus as a potential antioxidant additive for edible oils and fats. Three different extraction procedures of the raw material with non-toxic organic solvents were used to recover the sum of the extractable compounds and specific fractions respectively. The extraction procedures, accompanied with analytical techniques, led to the characterization of the antioxidant properties and the composition of the plant as well as the isolation of very efficient oil-soluble antioxidant fractions.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of various solvent extracts from Impatiens balsamina L. stems

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as the quantity of phenolic substances of Impatiens balsamina L. stem extracts obtained with various solvent were determined in this study. All of the extracts possessed moderate antioxidant potential in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assays. Antimicrobial activity was estimated using the cylinder-plate and agar dilution methods against four bacterial and six fungal strains. The extracts showed good antimicrobial activity especially antifungal activity against all of the tested microorganisms. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents ranged from 2.88 to 13.63 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried extract and 0.98 to 7.87 mg quercetin equivalents/g dried extract, respectively. The results presented here indicate that the I. balsamina stem extracts have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and are therefore a potential source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for the food and pharmaceutical industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Our work indicates that the I. balsamina stem may be a good candidate as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. It can be applied in food industry for preservation.     

Citrus peel extract – A natural source of antioxidant

Citrus peel extract as a natural source of antioxidant was evaluated during 6 months storage of refined corn oil at 25 and 45 °C. Extracts of citrus peel were prepared by refluxing the dried ground peel with ethanol, methanol, acetone, hexane, diethyl ether and dichloromethane. Maximum amount of citrus peel extract was obtained with methanol. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was assessed by measuring free fatty acid (FFA) content peroxide value (POV) and iodine value (IV) during 6 months storage of refined corn oil at 25 and 45 °C. After 6 months of storage at 45 °C, corn oil containing 1600 and 2000 ppm citrus peel extract, showed lower FFA contents (1.5% and 1.0%), and POVs (8.38 and 7.0 meq kg⁻¹) and higher iodine values (81, 89) than the control sample (FFA 17.0% POV 101 meq kg⁻¹ IV 47). Refined corn oil containing 200 ppm of butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) showed FFA contents of 2.0% and 1.8%, POVs 17.0 and 12.7 meq kg⁻¹ and IVs 84 and 87, respectively, after 6 months of storage at 45 °C. These results show that methanolic extract of citrus exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, which was almost equal to synthetic antioxidants (BHA and BHA). Therefore, the use of citrus peel extract is recommended as a natural antioxidant to suppress development of rancidity in oils and fats.     

短瓣金莲花不同提取部位的抗氧化活性

目的：研究短瓣金莲花的抗氧化活性部位。方法：将短瓣金莲花药材依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、95%乙醇、60%乙醇、30%乙醇和去离子水提取,采用紫外-可见分光光度法对不同溶剂提取部位的黄色素、总黄酮和总酚含量进行分析,并测试各提取部位对羟自由基（•OH）和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基的清除作用以对其抗氧化活性进行研究。结果：短瓣金莲花石油醚提取部位的黄色素含量最高,为（11.37±0.07 ）mg/g;而60%乙醇提取部位总黄酮和总酚含量最高,分别为（213.21±1.12）mg/g和（121.75±0.58） mg/g,95%乙醇提取部位次之,分别为（200.47±0.65）mg/g和（105.19±0.61）mg/g。石油醚提取部位清除•OH能力最强,半抑制浓度（50% inhibiting concentration,IC50）为92.77 mg/L;95%乙醇提取部位清除DPPH自由基能力最强,IC50为10.14 mg/L,60%乙醇提取部位次之,IC50为10.70 mg/L。结论：短瓣金莲花清除•OH能力与黄色素含量呈正相关性,而清除DPPH自由基能力与黄酮和多酚含量呈正相关性;短瓣金莲花的石油醚和95%乙醇提取部位是最佳的抗氧化活性部位,有待进一步深入研究。     

Antioxidant efficacy of extracts produced from pickled and dried mustard in rapeseed and peanut oils

Antioxidant efficacy of 70% ethanol extract (EE), 70% methanol extract (ME), and water extract (WE) produced from pickled and dried mustard (Brassica juncea Coss. var. foliosa Bailey) was evaluated in rapeseed and peanut oils by using the Schaal oven method. The protective effects of aforesaid 3 extracts in stabilizing vegetable oils were tested by measuring their peroxide values, conjugated diene values, and p-anisidine values during storage of 15 d at 60 °C. Results showed that the different solvent extracts produced from pickled and dried mustard, at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% (w/w) in vegetable oils, could significantly (P < 0.05) lower the peroxide value, conjugated diene value, and p-anisidine value of oils during storage at 60 °C. However, the extracts at various concentrations showed a less antioxidant effect than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 200 ppm. The ultraviolet spectra of different extracts exhibited a single maximum absorbance at 268 nm. The qualitative analysis of antioxidants present in the extracts was carried out by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C18 column. Two phenolic compounds, gallic and protocatechuric acids, were identified. The antioxidant activity of the extracts might be attributed to the presence of these phenolics. These results indicated that the pickled and dried mustard could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The antioxidant activity of extracts produced from pickled and dried mustard toward rapeseed and peanut oils oxidation and the characterization of active phenolic compounds may be useful in developing natural antioxidants for vegetable oils. Moreover, the extracts could safely be used as potential antioxidant to suppress lipid oxidation in lipid-containing food products.     

Antioxidant activity of ethanol and petroleum ether extracts from Brazilian propolis

Antioxidant activities of ethanol and petroleum ether extracts from Brazilian propolis were determined by α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) methods, using α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as references. The DPPH assay showed that ethanol extract possessed significantly higher activity compared with BHT and petroleum ether extract but lower than that of α-tocopherol. Results from the FTC assay indicated that the activity of ethanol extract was higher than that of α-tocopherol and petroleum ether extract but lower than BHT. Basically, this antioxidant activity was dose-dependent and ethanol extract exhibited higher activity than that of petroleum ether extract at the same concentration. Additionally, the chemical constituents of propolis were determined, and results showed that the propolis contained high content of antioxidant compositions, such as flavonoids (73.00 g kg⁻¹), total phenolic compounds (134.40 g kg⁻¹), and Vitamin E (0.16 g kg⁻¹), which contributed greatly to its strong antioxidant activity.     

Egyptian mango by-product 2: Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extract and oil from mango seed kernel

Egyptian mango seeds were collected as wastes from local fruit processing units, the kernels were separated and dried. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of mango seed kernel extract and oil were investigated. The results indicated that combination of both mango seed kernel extract and oil had optimum antioxidant potency higher than each one alone. Addition of 400 ppm methanol extract and 5% mango seed kernel oil increased the oxidative stability of sunflower oil incubated at ambient temperature as well as sunflower oil during frying. Moreover, both extract and oil improved the stability and quality characteristics of fresh and stored potato chips. On the other hand, mango seed kernel extract reduced total bacterial count, inhibited coliforms growth, showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli strain and extended the shelf-life of pasteurized cow milk. These results provide useful information on the utilization of mango seed kernel as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial in foods.     

Aqueous extraction kinetics of phenolic compounds from jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) seeds

In this study, aqueous extraction of phenolic compounds from jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) seed was undertaken. The effects of various parameters such as extraction temperature (34.8–85.2°C), extraction time (49.8–100.2 min), and liquid-to-solid ratio (9.8–60.2 mL/g) on the extraction yield, extract purity (i.e., total polyphenol content), and its antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrlthydrazyl free radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power) were investigated. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions. The optimum extraction conditions (49.2°C, 89.4 min, and 51.6:1 mL/g) produced an extract with 17.3% extraction yield, high total polyphenol content (415 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried extract) and significant antioxidant activity (IC₅₀: 35.4 ± 0.7 µg/mL). The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of seed extract revealed the presence of gallic acid (90.8 mg/g dried extract), ellagic acid (36 mg/g dried extract), caffeic acid (26.07 mg/g dried extract), p-coumaric acid (0.26 mg/g dried extract), catechin (9.05 mg/g dried extract), epicatechin (0.42 mg/g dried extract), and quercetin (1.54 mg/g dried extract). Tannic acid (188.5 mg/g dried extract) was also identified as a major phenolic compound. The extraction kinetics was also studied and experimental data were fitted to four kinetic models such as first-order model, second-order model, Peleg’s model, and Minchev and Minkov model, to evaluate their applicability.