若干无机/有机复合光功能材料及相关器件研究进展

在无机基质中光学均匀掺杂有机光添生物质以获得复合光功能材料是近年来的研究热点,复合光功能材料的溶胶－凝胶低温合成技术为其在非线性光学、固态可调谐染料激光器、发光显示、光致变色、光化学烧孔等领域的应用提供了可能。本文对无机／有机复合光功能材料的制备技术、结构与性能的表征手段,及其作为发光、激光、波导、波分复用、光致变色器件在光通信中的应用等研究进展作了评述。     

有机光致变色功能涂料的研制

对有机光致变色化合物在涂料体系中的应用进行了系统的研究,确定了最佳涂料配方,研制开发了有机光致变色功能涂料,其涂层表现出明显的光致变色性,并讨论了三种不同化合物的光致变色时间与结构的关系,荧光发射光谱以及与无机稀土类光致变色化合物涂料光谱性能的异同,最后研究了涂料的稳定性能和涂层的稳定性,指出关键是化合物呈色体必须有足够的热稳定性和耐疲劳性。     

常见有机光致变色体系的研究现状

介绍了常见的有机光致变色材料体系,光致变色材料在染料、民用品等方面的应用,开发有机光致变色材料作为记录介质的光盘,已成为高技术领域的一项重大课题。综述了光致变色材料在国际和国内的研究现状。光致变色材料是当前高科技领域重要的研究课题,光致变色材料在光信息存储的高科技领域、在防伪材料、装饰材料、具有广阔的应用价值和发展前景。     

有机光致变色化合物及其在生物质材料改性中的应用

光致变色材料具有明显的光学活性,在特定波长的光的照射激发下,其颜色会随材料分子结构的异构化而发生可逆的变化。为了开发新型的光致变色材料,国内外学者在林产品和其他材料的改性上做了大量的研究工作,并取得了许多的研究成果。本文阐述了螺吡喃类、偶氮苯类、二芳基乙烯类和水杨醛席夫碱类等目前研究较多的4种有机光致变色化合物及其在材料改性上的应用;在探讨有机光致变色化合物光致变色机理、分析有机光致变色化合物研究现状的基础上,展望了有机光致变色化合物在生物质材料改性中的研究前景。     

光致变色材料研究进展

文章从光致变色发展历程、光致变色定义、光致变色体系、光致变色机理及光致变色应用等方面对光致变色材料进行了综述。随着科学技术的不断发展,有机光致变色材料必将在未来的日常生活和国防建设中发挥越来越重要的作用。     

一种具有光致变色性能的有机-无机超分子材料的合成与性能研究

通过水热合成法制备了一种基于紫精衍生物的有机-无机超分子光致变色材料,观察了其可逆的光致变色现象,并通过粉末衍射、红外光谱、固体紫外漫反射光谱与电子顺磁共振光谱深入研究了其光致变色机理。     

有机光致变色夹胶玻璃

首先制备了螺旋吡喃类有机光致变色粉,并用该变色粉合成了PVB光致变色胶片和有机光致变色夹胶玻璃样品。测量了该有机光致变色夹胶玻璃样品在光照3min前后的可见光透光率变化情况,并推算其遮阳系数及隔热效果等。     

有机预涂金属板上硅氧氟涂层的制备方法

本发明提供一种有机预涂金属板上硅氧氟涂层的制备方法,该方法主要包括：a）在等离子体环境中对所述有机预涂金属板进行表面清洗和表面活化;b）使用等离子体增强化学气相沉积方法,在有机预涂金属板的有机涂层上沉积形成SixOyFz薄膜。使用该方法可提高有机预涂金属板上有机涂层的力学性能,同时兼顾其表面的易清洁、低摩擦系数和美观、耐指纹等性能。     

无机光致变色材料研究进展

无机光致变色材料具有许多优于有机光致变色材料的优良特性,进而广泛地应用在信息存储、智能窗、太阳镜、传感器、智能开关、国防等诸多领域。笔者综述了无机光致变色材料的研究、发展进程,并对无机光致变色材料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

三氧化钼薄膜材料的制备及其变色性能的研究

MoO3因在催化剂,电致、光致变色器件,电子显示设备和感测气体如NH3、CO2和乙醇等方面的应用而逐渐成为引起科技研究者们关注的焦点。本文综述了制备MoO3薄膜的制备方法,包括:热蒸发法、电子束蒸镀法、脉冲激光沉积法、溅射法、化学气相沉积法、电沉积法、活性反应蒸发法等。同时,对MoO3薄膜的变色性能及其发展趋势和广阔的应用前景都作了简要介绍。     

玻璃表面功能膜的进展

阐述了功能膜所用玻璃基片成分和性能,对功能膜膜层材料和镀膜方法作了评论,同时指出了功能膜的发展趋势。     

机械涂覆技术在光催化材料制备中的应用进展

机械球磨技术因工艺简单、成本低廉而受到广泛关注,特别在粉体材料的混合、细化及合金化等领域有着广阔的应用前景。综述了由机械球磨原理发展而成机械涂覆技术的应用现状,包括用于材料表面改性的功能涂层和光催化降解的薄膜材料制备。分析了工艺参数、涂覆材料及涂覆基底等因素对涂覆效果（厚度）的影响规律,并对该技术在薄膜制备中表现出的简便、廉价且可在球形等形状复杂基底上成膜的独特优势做了讨论。基于当前机械涂覆技术制备的薄膜形貌、厚度不可控且成膜基底材质受限等现状,指出今后应该向拓展成膜基底材料类型和加快推进光催化薄膜材料的实际应用方向发展。     

Mild and Effective Polymerization of Dopamine on Keratin Films for Innovative Photoactivable and Biocompatible Coated Materials

Mussel‐inspired polydopamine (PD) coating represents a promising route for constructing functional materials and finely tuning or completely changing their surface properties. In this work, a mild and effective method to realize the deposition of PD on keratin‐based films is reported. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by keratin films doped with a photosensitizer, e.g., Azure A (AzA), upon UV–vis and vis‐near IR irradiation, are exploited to obtain the PD coating. Interestingly, the use of vis‐near IR irradiation leads to an increased production of ROS by AzA resulting in a greater PD deposition. Compared to uncoated keratin films, the PD‐keratin coated materials show a granular but homogeneous surface and an increased hydrophilicity, maintaining the ROS generation ability of AzA. This work demonstrates a useful method to effectively and rapidly functionalize with PD materials that are sensitive to temperature, pH and UV light, such as keratin. The proposed strategy allows obtaining new multifunctional biomaterials of potential interest in tissue engineering and drug delivery; in particular, the use of PD‐keratin films for near IR laser bonding of ophthalmic tissue, which is a representative case in wound healing purpose, is shown.     

Patterning High Explosives at the Nanoscale

For the first time, we have shown that spin coating and Dip pen nanolithography (DPN^TM) are simple methods of preparing energetic materials such as PETN and HMX on the nanoscale, requiring no heating of the energetic material. Nanoscale patterning has been demonstrated by the DPN method while continuous thin films were produced using the spin coating method. Results are presented for preparing continuous PETN thin films of nanometer thickness by the spin coating method and for controlling the architecture of arbitrary nanoscale patterns of PETN and HMX by the DPN method. These methods are simple for patterning energetic materials and can be extended beyond PETN and HMX, opening the door for fundamental studies at the nanoscale.     

Physical properties of Al-doped ZnO films deposited on nonwoven substrates by radio frequence magnetron sputtering

In this study, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) spunbonded nonwoven materials were used as substrates for creating electro-optical functional nanostructures on the fiber surfaces. A magnetron sputter coating was used to deposit Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films onto the nonwovens. The influences of the deposition time on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of AZO films were investigated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to examine the topography of the fibers. The AFM observation revealed a significant difference in the morphology of the fibers before and after the AZO sputter coating. The examination by UV–visible spectrophotometer analysis showed that the nonwovens deposited with transparent nanostructure AZO films had better UV absorption, and an average transmittance was approximately 50% in the visible light wavelength region. The surface conductivity of the materials was analyzed using a four-probe meter, and it was found that electrical resistance was significantly decreased as the sputtering time increased.     

胶乳共混法制备聚合物/MMT纳米复合膜及其性能

降低涂料配方中的VOC含量,甚至完全消除VOC,达到零VOC,从而最大程度地降低涂料对环境的污染,是涂料行业当前面临的最大技术挑战．水基涂料是最为重要的环保涂料．在水性聚合物乳液涂料中,为保证涂膜具有较好的力学性能,必须使用玻璃化温度较高的聚合物树脂．涂料的配方中必须加入5％～20％左右的有机成膜剂,以促进成膜．如果要在配方中除去这部分有机成膜剂,聚合物的玻璃化转变温度必须降到0℃左右．     

PET型光学薄膜用涂层及相关技术研究现状

PET膜以其优异的性能在LCD领域得到了广泛应用,而功能性PET光学膜主要是通过在PET聚酯薄膜表面涂覆各种功能性涂层所得,因此PET型光学薄膜的涂层技术是光学膜的关键技术之一。从光学PET膜用涂层配方、涂层固化方式、涂布工艺和改善膜基材／涂层界面粘接强度的方法等方面,综述了PET型光学膜用涂层技术的国内外研究进展,并提出了未来的发展方向。     

Polynorbornene/fluorosilica hybrids for hydrophobic and oleophobic coatings

Polynorbornene dicarboxylic anhydride (PNA)/fluorosilica hybrid coating materials with good hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, transparency, thermal stability, and hardness were synthesised using a sol–gel method. The surface structure, transparency, hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, and surface free energy of the coating could be controlled by adjusting the fluorosilane ratio. The maximum static water and oil contact angles of films were 112° and 87°, respectively. The PNA/fluorosilica hybrid films exhibited good transparency and colourlessness. The marks written using water and oil-based pens on the films could be erased with a tissue even after eight times. In addition, the hardness of the hybrid films was enhanced to 4H with increasing fluorosilane content.     

Thickness effect on the properties of Mn-doped ZnO thin films synthesis by sol-gel and comparison to first-principles calculations

The current study investigates the effect of thickness on the structural, morphological, electronic, and optical properties of pure zinc oxide (ZnO) and 7% Mn-doped ZnO thin films, deposited by sol–gel spin coating method. All films exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a high preferential c-axis orientation. The surface morphology showed a good uniformity with cracks and wrinkles. The transmittance decreased with thickness. The bandgap energy was inversely varying with coating number. Photoluminescence spectra showed ultraviolet with strong and weak blue and weak green emission peaks. Density functional theory and Hubbard (DFT + U) method was then applied to study the structural, electronic, and optical properties of pure and 6.25% Mn-doped ZnO materials. A decrease in bandgap energy from pure to 6.25% Mn-doped ZnO material was shown using the DFT + U method. It also found that the Mn3d states were distributed far from Fermi level with a coexistence of both ionic and covalent nature bonds. A slight shift toward the lower energy was noticed for optical properties by Mn doping. The theoretical findings showed a similar behavior to those obtained by experiment.     

蜡助剂在水性木器涂料中的应用

蜡助剂是水性木器涂料中使用的一种功能性助剂，本文研究了不同种类的蜡助剂在水性木器涂料中的使用对漆膜性能的影响。采用复配法将水性蜡助剂加入到水性木器涂料中，蜡助剂在涂料成膜时均匀地分散在整个涂层中，蜡助剂的加入能够显著提高漆膜的抗回粘性和耐刮伤性能，但是大粒径的蜡助剂会引起漆膜光泽的下降。