石墨烯柔性导电涤纶织物的制备与性能

用乙二胺(EDA)和氢氧化钠对涤纶织物进行改性,得到氨基化改性涤纶。将改性涤纶浸渍氧化石墨烯(GO)溶液,涤纶表面的GO还原成还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)后得到具有导电性能的涤纶织物。采用SEM和Raman光谱对导电涤纶织物进行表征,并对其耐洗和耐摩擦性能进行了测试。结果表明,涤纶织物经150 mL EDA/L浴液和50 g/L氢氧化钠改性后对GO的吸附能力增强,织物导电性增加;改性涤纶的最佳导电整理工艺条件为:GO溶液质量浓度为2 g/L,pH=6,6 g/L保险粉在95℃还原60 min。在该条件下,织物上GO能够被较充分还原,改性涤纶的表面电阻值为14.575kΩ。SEM结果表明,未经改性的涤纶织物表面光滑,经导电整理后织物表面覆盖一层石墨烯薄膜;Raman光谱证实涤纶织物表面沉积了RGO,且织物上的GO被较充分还原。     

石墨烯柔性导电改性涤纶织物的制备与性能

采用乙二胺（EDA）和氢氧化钠对涤纶织物进行改性，获得氨基化改性涤纶，再将改性涤纶浸渍氧化石墨烯（GO）溶液，涤纶表面的GO还原成还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）后得到具有导电性能的涤纶织物。采用扫描电镜（SEM）对导电涤纶进行表征，并进行耐洗和耐摩擦性能测试。研究结果表明，涤纶织物经EDA改性后对GO的吸附能力增强，织物导电性增加；改性涤纶的最佳导电整理工艺为GO溶液pH值6，5 g/L保险粉在95℃还原60min可使织物上GO较充分还原，改性涤纶织物的导电性随GO浓度的增大、还原温度的增加和还原时间的延长而增强，当GO为2g/L时，改性涤纶的表面电阻值降低至14.575 KΩ/cm。由SEM结果可知未经改性的涤纶织物表面光滑，经导电整理后织物表面覆盖一层石墨烯薄膜。     

氧化石墨烯对蚕丝的紫外线防护整理

采用氧化石墨烯（GO）对蚕丝织物进行紫外线防护整理，并对浸渍吸附GO的蚕丝织物进行还原得到还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）整理蚕丝织物。研究了GO和RGO整理蚕丝织物的紫外线防护性能，并测试了RGO整理蚕丝织物的抗紫外耐久性。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和拉曼光谱（Raman）对RGO整理蚕丝织物进行了表征。研究结果表明，GO对蚕丝织物进行浸渍-还原法紫外线防护整理的最佳工艺为GO 0.5g/L，还原剂保险粉1 g/L，还原温度75℃，还原时间5min，整理蚕丝织物的UPF值在40以上，获得优异的紫外线防护效果；相同条件下RGO整理蚕丝织物的紫外线防护性能优于GO整理蚕丝织物，且RGO整理蚕丝织物经多次水洗后抗紫外性能降低很小，说明RGO整理蚕丝织物的耐久性好；由SEM和Raman表征也证实了RGO在蚕丝织物表面的沉积。     

RGO色浆印制棉织物导电性能

将还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)导电浆料印制在棉织物上,探究了印制浆料中黏合剂、增稠剂和RGO用量、焙烘温度和时间等因素对棉织物导电性的影响,测试了导电棉织物的耐洗、耐摩擦性和棉织物的表面形貌(SEM).研究结果表明:RGO对棉织物的最佳导电印制工艺为RGO 7.5 g/L、黏合剂10 g/L、增稠剂0.2 g/L、150℃...     

改性石墨烯/细菌纤维素复合导电纤维膜的制备研究

采用真空抽滤法制膜,并采用溶液还原法、蒸汽还原法以及先还原后制膜法3种工艺制备改性石墨烯/细菌纤维素复合导电纤维膜,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X衍射(XRD)和Raman光谱对纤维膜材料的结构和性能进行表征,探讨了3种制膜工艺对复合导电纤维膜的表面电阻的影响。结果表明,通过SEM观察发现,采用溶液还原法和蒸汽还原法制备的复合导电纤维膜中石墨烯复合物(PNIPAM-rGO)与细菌纤维素较好结合,而先还原后制膜法制备工艺其结合效果较差;XRD证实了PNIPAM-rGO的存在几乎不影响细菌纤维素的结晶结构;Raman光谱较好地证实了PNIPAM-GO能充分还原成PNIPAM-rGO。通过比较导电纤维膜表面电阻发现,采用蒸汽还原法制备的导电纤维膜的导电性最佳。     

石墨烯/棉织物制备及其电热性能研究

采用丝网印刷方式将氧化石墨烯浆料印制在棉织物表面,再经还原方法得到了电热性能优良的石墨烯棉织物。综合分析织物表面形貌、表面电阻及发热性能,探究了印制次数、还原浓度、还原时间及还原剂种类对石墨烯棉织物发热性能影响。结果表明,印制次数为10次,还原浓度为5 mg/mL,时间6 h,施加在两端电压为24 V时,织物的表面电阻为4.0 kΩ/cm,表面温度为46.8℃,电热性能达到最佳。     

不同还原程度的功能化氧化石墨烯的制备与性能研究

通过3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APS)对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行功能化得到功能化氧化石墨烯(F-GO),再用水合肼对GO进行还原,通过控制还原时间制备出不同还原程度的还原氧化石墨烯(F-r GO)。利用FT-IR、XPS、Raman光谱、TEM、TG对产物的结构、形貌和性能进行表征。结果表明,APS与GO表面的羟基和羧基发生反应,共价接枝到GO表面;随着水合肼还原时间的不断增长,F-GO表面的含氧官能团数量不断下降,并且石墨烯的缺陷程度不断增大,在DMF和丙酮中的分散性更加稳定;此外,还原程度的提高使其热稳定性也有所提高。     

石墨烯/热塑性聚氨酯薄膜的制备及性能

采用热还原的方法由氧化石墨烯(GO)制备得到还原石墨烯(RGO),并将两种石墨烯与热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合制得纳米复合材料薄膜。进而考察了两种纳米复合材料薄膜的导电、导热及力学性能。结果表明:在TPU中加入GO能够得到高导热、低导电的纳米复合材料,而加入RGO则得到高导热、高导电的纳米复合材料;同时,GO和RGO的加入,均能显著提高TPU的拉伸强度和模量。     

氧化石墨烯的制备及还原研究

通过控制高锰酸钾的用量,采用改性悍马氧化法与氢碘酸还原法制备了一系列氧化石墨烯(GO)及还原石墨烯(RGO),研究了高锰酸钾用量对GO及RGO的形态、稳定性、成膜性能及导电性能的影响。研究结果表明:当石墨与高锰酸钾的质量比为2.5~3时,所得GO在具有较好分散性,且经还原后的膜电阻率较低,约为1.2×10-3Ω/cm。     

原位聚合法制备PANI/RGO导电复合材料的性能

采用原位聚合法制备聚苯胺(PANI)、PANI/氧化石墨烯(GO)复合材料和PANI/还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)复合材料。利用四探针测试仪、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)仪、热重(TG)分析仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对PANI及PANI/GO复合材料和PANI/RGO复合材料进行表征。电导率测试结果表明,当加入GO质量分数为50%时,先还原后聚合法制得PANI/RGO复合材料的导电率可达9.916 S/cm,RGO能有效提高复合材料的导电性;XRD和FTIR分析结果表明,GO和RGO都能较好分散在PANI中;TG分析结果表明,将GO还原为RGO后在小于250℃时能有效提高复合材料的热稳定性。通过原位聚合法能将GO和RGO较好分散在PANI中,形成较好的插层型复合材料,尤其是先还原后聚合法制得的PANI/RGO复合材料具有较好的导电性和热稳定性。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。