防渗墙深度对闸坝深厚透水层渗流特性的影响

针对某大（2）型水库闸坝高、坝基覆盖层厚且发育5层极强透水层的问题,拟采用垂直防渗墙技术防渗。对此,利用三维有限元数值计算方法,分析了不同悬挂式防渗墙深度及封闭式防渗墙的防渗效果。结果表明,同一压力水头在防渗墙后骤降,防渗墙深度越大其降幅越大,至封闭式防渗墙时达到最大值;防渗墙后,坝基、闸基扬压力突降并趋于平缓;随防渗墙深度增加,下游坡脚的水力坡降下降,至封闭式防渗墙时水力坡降降至最小;随着悬挂式防渗墙深度的加大,坝基渗流量逐渐减小,至封闭式防渗墙时渗流量降至最小。     

坝基防渗墙及墙下灌浆帷幕渗流及渗透稳定性分析

采用三维有限元计算软件SEEPAGE1.0对扎雪水电站坝基进行了稳定渗流计算,分析了悬挂式防渗墙下灌浆帷幕深度对渗流场的影响,探讨了覆盖层中的渗透稳定性问题,确定了经济合理的防渗方案,并分析了防渗墙开裂对渗流场的影响.结果表明,覆盖层中帷幕底部的渗透坡降最大,并以此处为中心,向四周迅速减小.整体渗透稳定性较好,防渗墙底部出现交错裂缝对渗控效果影响不大.     

深厚覆盖层闸坝坝基的三维有限元渗流分析

结合一拟建的以深厚覆盖层为基础的闸坝枢纽工程,运用三维有限元法,进行了在采用全封闭式混凝土防渗墙地基防渗处理方案下的坝基稳定渗流分析。结果表明,采用此方案可以大部分或全部截断坝基中的集中渗漏,对于避免坝基覆盖层各层发生渗透破坏、减小坝基渗透流量均具有重要作用。     

防渗墙深度优化及其防渗效果研究

为优化深厚覆盖层地基防渗墙深度,以苏洼龙水电站土石坝为例,采用渗流有限元分析软件seep/w建立模型模拟坝基渗流场,并运用灵敏度分析中的差分法对有限元计算结果进行列表和图解分析,从而得到各渗流参数随防渗墙深度的变化规律,得到防渗墙深度取40.5m的优化结果,对比莱茵统计法计算结果(防渗墙最小深度取40.25m),取两者间较大值,给出结构灵敏度分析优化结果为40.5m;进而建立防渗墙深度为40.5m的有限元模型进行渗流计算,以评价防渗效果。结果表明,优化后的防渗墙深度满足防渗标准要求,且在足够的安全范围内。     

深厚覆盖层闸基渗控效果及防渗措施

为研究深厚覆盖层透水地基防渗墙的防渗效果,以典型闸为例,分析了不同防渗墙布设位置、空间几何尺寸、贯入度对渗流控制效果的影响。结果表明,垂直防渗墙的布设位置应尽量靠近上游,以减小底板扬压力,闸底进出口处等关键部位设置板桩、短截墙可显著降低出口处垂直出逸坡降和底板水平坡降;增加悬挂式防渗墙的贯入度,能降低扬压力和各部位渗透坡降,有利于渗流安全;对多道垂直防渗措施,前置的防渗墙贯入深度应尽量大,后置的防渗墙应尽量浅,以达到既能降低底板扬压力,又能减小出口处垂直出逸比降的目的。     

某水库副坝坝基渗漏成因分析及渗透稳定性计算

针对某水库副坝坝基长期存在的渗漏问题,在综合分析历次地质勘察结果的基础上,采用高密度电法对副坝进行无损探测,同时,采用有限元法对副坝渗流性态进行二维数值模拟,分析坝基渗漏对副坝渗透稳定性的影响。结果表明,副坝坝基渗漏主要是由于坝基存在强透水的砂砾石层;副坝坝基渗漏未彻底解决的主要原因是已采取的防渗措施不当或存在质量缺陷,1978~1979年实施的桩号0+678~0+700段沟槽防渗墙存在缺陷,2000年实施的灌浆效果不佳;防渗墙失效后,副坝坝基砂砾石层在校核洪水位工况下可能发生渗透破坏,建议进一步采用混凝土防渗墙对副坝坝基进行防渗加固处理。     

阴坪水电站泄洪闸深厚覆盖层地基渗流分析

分析深厚覆盖层条件下大坝的渗流特性,对于保证大坝防渗体系及工程整体安全有重要意义。结合ANSYS大型有限元分析软件,以阴坪水电站为例,研究了在深厚覆盖层及复杂地基情况下,闸基在各典型工况的渗透特性,并对各覆盖层渗透性、防渗墙深度及水平铺盖长度进行了敏感性分析。结果表明,各工况下的渗流参数符合规范要求,对于阴坪水电站深厚覆盖层基础,采用垂直混凝土防渗墙加水平铺盖的防渗措施安全有效,渗流量与渗透坡降均很小,满足渗流稳定性要求。研究成果可供类似工程参考。     

甘肃省某电站深厚覆盖层渗透变形分析

根据不同方法判定甘肃省某电站坝基覆盖层的渗透变形型式、临界坡降和允许坡降,取得了较合理的渗透变形参数.采用有限元法计算坝基渗流场,分析了其渗透变形特征.结果表明,水库正常蓄水后,在渗流条件下坝基覆盖层将发生渗透变形破坏,对此提出了较合理的防渗措施,可为未来利用深厚覆盖层建坝的水电工程渗透变形处理问题提供参考.     

小浪底水库蓄水初期运用坝基渗流分析与安全性评价

针对小浪底水库蓄水运用初期坝基渗流异常问题,在分析坝基防渗体系基础上探讨了坝基渗流原因,介绍了三个阶段帷幕补强灌浆等工程措施及处理效果,从渗水量变化、典型库水位下的防渗效果、防渗墙下游侧坝基渗透比降分析、库水位275 m时防渗效果预测等角度综合评价补强灌浆后坝基防渗效果很好,因而得出坝基渗流安全的结论.     

大板水库大坝防渗加固措施及其效果评价

针对大板水库大坝防渗效果较差问题,提出了坝体混凝土防渗墙+坝基帷幕灌浆的防渗加固方案及高压旋喷墙+压力充填灌浆的质量缺陷补强措施,并对大坝防渗加固前、后进行了有限元渗流分析。实际运行结果表明,加固及其补强措施总体效果显著。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996     

生物质催化热裂解技术的研究进展

生物质催化裂解是生物质热化学转化的一种重要途径。综述了生物质催化热裂解技术使用的反应器、催化剂类型,以及催化热裂解过程中热裂解温度、吹扫气、升温速率、生物质原料等条件的影响,展望了生物质催化热裂解技术的发展趋势。     

燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型

应用瞬态谱分析方法对燃烧流化床声波信号进行了频谱分析,发现气泡能量分布呈Ｇａｍｍａ分布形式,在Ａｒｇｙｒｉｏｕｓ和Ｙｏｓｈｉｄａ等人提出的模型的基础上,发展了燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型,并通过优化迭代对模型参数进行求解,在实验和理论的基础上得出了更加切合实际的燃烧流化床气泡能量分布模型     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

促进城镇生活污水处理装置产业化

城镇生活污水处理装置是由农村户用沼气地发展演变而来，是一种小型、分散化处理污水的装置 ，是环境建设的需要。文章着重从我国环保政策及目标、生活污水造成的污染状况、急需整治的公共设施、生活污水净化装置的演变以及社会经济效益和环境效益等方面，阐述了其产业化的重要性。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

Investigation of effect of variation of cycle parameters on thermodynamic performance of gas-steam combined cycle

The paper deals with second law thermodynamic analysis of a basic gas turbine based gas-steam combined cycle. The article investigates the effect of variation of cycle parameters on rational efficiency and component-wise non-dimensionalised exergy destruction of the plant. Component-wise inefficiencies of the combined cycle have been quantified with the objective to pin-point the major sources of exergy destruction. The parameter that affects cycle performance most is the TIT (turbine inlet temperature). TIT should be kept on the higher side, because at lower values, the exergy destruction is higher. The summation of total exergy destruction of all components in percentage terms is lower (44.88%) at TIT of 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. The sum total of rational efficiency of gas turbine and steam turbine is found to be higher (54.91%) at TIT = 1800 K & r_p,c = 23, as compared to that at TIT = 1700 K. Compressor pressure ratio also affects the exergy performance. The sum total of exergy destruction of all components of the combined cycle plant is lower (44.17%) at higher value of compressor pressure ratio (23)& TIT = 1700 K, as compared to that at compressor pressure ratio (16). Also exergy destruction is minimized with the adoption of multi-pressure-reheat steam generator configuration.