Strategies for software reuse: a principal component analysis of reuse practices

This research investigates the premise that the likelihood of success of software reuse efforts may vary with the reuse strategy employed and, hence, potential reuse adopters must be able to understand reuse strategy alternatives and their implications. We use survey data collected from 71 software development groups to empirically develop a set of six dimensions that describe the practices employed in reuse programs. The study investigates the patterns in which these practices co-occur in the real world, demonstrating that the dimensions cluster into five distinct reuse strategies, each with a different potential for reuse success. The findings provide a means to classify reuse settings and assess their potential for success.     

Why do so many reuse programs fail?

Research, forecasts and government studies consistently show that reuse technology has the greatest potential to reduce the cost of software. Some reuse programs have succeeded, achieving anywhere from 30 to 80 percent reuse. Yet other programs have failed to show any clear return. How can such an obvious winner fail? Our experience as promoters and supporters of reuse and as measurers of its effectiveness suggests that two fundamental mistakes contribute to failure. The first mistake is that organizations treat reuse as a technology-acquisition problem instead of a technology-transition problem. Plenty of reuse technology is now mature enough for industrial use (although some problems remain). However, just buying technology usually does not lead to extensive reuse. The second mistake is that organizations fail to approach reuse as a business strategy. Even organizations that recognize reuse as a technology-transition issue may fail to address the business implications of reuse. We consider how the most important obstacles to reuse are economic and cultural not technological     

支持快速设计的重用策略研究及其应用

设计重用就是将过去的设计知识和成功经验用于当前的设计中,它是支持快速设计的重要手段。研究了支持机械产品设计重用的基本理论以及面向设计过程的重用框架;提出设计重用表现为设计准备重用和实施设计重用两个方面;指出设计重用的难点是准备重用。创建设计向导和设计信息捕捉机制,组织挖掘已有的设计知识,以工程基础库为支撑,通过事例推理是实现设计重用的有效措施。应用于支持型号夹具快速设计的重用策略,满足了企业快速设计的要求。     

软件可靠性测试用例的复用度量

针对目前基于复用的软件可靠性测试缺少对测试用例复用度量的现实问题,在构建测试用例复用模型的基础上,首先应用特征分析法求解测试用例各复用资源的权重,然后再分别计算它们在测试中的复用度,最后求解得到测试用例的平均复用度。从定量的角度解决了测试用例的复用度量问题。     

支持地球科学的软件复用(英文)

地球科学研究中数据的准备、分发、访问、处理和分析都依赖于计算机软件。科学结果的重复通常需要复用同样的软件。同样,科学数据的有效分发、访问或者分析也都需要进行软件复用。地球科学软件开发社区已经意识到了软件复用的价值,并且在社区内大力鼓励和培育软件复用。因此,他们成立了 NASA 地球科学数据系统( ESDS) 软件复用工作组( WG) 来支持社区成员之间的软件复用。工作组开发了软件复用门户来发布软件复用相关的信息、资源,并且提供培训来提高和改进整个社区的软件复用实践。工作组还开发了一个复用支持系统( RES) 原型系统来支持可复用软件的访问。此外, 工作组还制定了复用成熟度级别, 从而提高了评估和选择可复用软件的能力。     

Status report: software reusability

It is argued that the problem with software engineering is not a lack of reuse, but a lack of widespread, systematic reuse. The reuse research community is focusing on formalizing reuse because it recognizes that substantial quality and productivity payoffs will be achieved only if reuse is conducted systematically and formally. The history of reuse, which is characterized by this struggle to formalize in a setting where pragmatic problems are the norm and fast informal solutions usually take precedence, is reviewed. Several reuse methods are discussed     

Saving reuse from the noose: reuse of analogous specifications through human involvement in reuse process

Analogy is proposed as an alternative paradigm for the reuse of specifications during requirements analysis. First, critical determinants of analogies between software engineering problems are discussed in relation to a specification retrieval mechanism. Second, the process of specification reuse is examined. Specification reuse by analogy is knowledge-intensive, hence an important role is proposed for the analyst during specification reuse: analyst involvement would appear necessary to categorize a new problem, select between candidate reusable specifications, and customize the selected specification to the new domain. Finally, a specification reuse tool is proposed that recognises the collaborative nature of reuse by analogy. This tool assists and advises the analyst during reuse founded on cognitive models of analyst behaviour during analogous reasoning and reuse. The prototype version of this intelligent reuse advisor (Ira) is outlined.     

Making reuse cost-effective

Until reuse is better understood, significant reductions in the cost of building large systems will not be possible. This assertion is based primarily on the belief that the defining characteristic of good reuse is not the reuse of software per se, but the reuse of human problem solving. Analytical approaches for making good reuse investments are suggested in terms of increasing a quality-of-investment measure, Q, which is simply the ratio of reuse benefits to reuse investments. The first strategy for increasing Q is to increase the level of consumer reuse. The second technique for increasing Q is to reduce the average cost of reusing work products by making them easy and inexpensive to reuse. The third strategy is to reduce investment costs. Reuse strategies, and reuse and parameterizations, are discussed     

控件重用技术的成就与缺陷

本文研究了微软的控件重用技术,通过与对象重用技术进行比较,本文总结了控件重用技术的成就,通过与代码组件合重用技术进行比较,本文指出了控件重用技术的缺陷。     

面向复用成本优化的构件重构方法

构件需要在其复用期间进行持续的优化改进和重构,消除设计需求与复用需求之间的差异,在保证有用性的前提下改善可用性.为此,提出一种面向复用成本优化的、基于局部性原理与实例集分解的构件重构方法.首先给出一种基于特征的构件模型,着重探讨基于可变点的复用机制,并在此基础上研究构件复用成本的构成要素、优化策略与优化目标,即通过提高构件固定部分的比例降低复用成本.探讨了构件复用过程中存在的时间/空间局部性,依据构件实例复用频度的差异,将具有高复用频度的实例分离出来形成(半)实例化构件,以降低构件复用过程中的实例化成本与实现成本.进而提出一种基于贪心策略的构件实例分解算法实现近似最优化,并通过实例验证其有效性.该方法通过将构件特征间依赖关系分解为构件实例间依赖关系,将构件的部分实例化工作由复用阶段提前到设计阶段来完成,将若干可变特征转化为固定特征,从而避免了构件频繁复用时的多次实例化,以降低复用成本.     

基于本体的领域分析

软件复用被认为是改善软件质量和提高软件生产力最有希望的技术。为了支持复用,软件开发过程必须考虑两个方面的问题:为复用开发和用复用开发。本体逐渐成为构建信息系统、提供知识共享和复用的重要机制。领域分析是软件复用工程中最重要的工作。本课题利用本体的概念,讨论了领域分析技术中的领域本体的概念、领域本体的形式化描述,本体模型的UML表达,并给出基于本体的领域分析过程,以期对软件复用工程的领域分析过程有所改进。     

VB环境下基于类的软件复用技术研究

为提高VB环境下软件开发的效率,研究了软件复用技术,提出了以代码组件为核心的软件复用工程化思想.结合具体应用,详细介绍了VB中类的创建、复用方法,以及基于类的ActiveXDLL代码组件复用技术,同时还对VB中常用的其它代码组件的复用方法进行了简单介绍.研究结果表明,合理利用相关的软件复用技术,可以缩短软件的开发周期,提高软件的开发质量.     

Software reuse: An empirical approach

Software reuse is widely believed to be the most promising technology for significantly improving software quality and productivity. In this paper, we discuss software reuse from an empirical perspective. We examine factors that affect reuse, reuse measurement, and techniques for tailoring a reuse program to a given organization via a failure modes model.     

软件复用

本总结了软件复用技术的基本概念，介绍了有关软件复用的理论研究和实践活动，指出研究软件复用技术存在的关键问题，并给出了可选解决方案，最后，说明了软件复用与ＣＡＳＥ环境的关系。     

An Essay on Software Reuse

This paper explores software reuse. It discusses briefly some economic incentives for developing effective software reuse technology and notes that different kinds of software reuse, such as direct use without modification and reuse of abstract software modules after refinement, have different technological implications. It sketches some problem areas to be addressed if we are to achieve the goal of devising practical software reuse systems. These include information retrieval problems and finding effective methods to aid us in understanding how programs work. There is a philosophical epilogue which stresses the importance of having realistic expectations about the benefits of software reuse.     

工程量清单计价软件的可重用开发技术及应用

以工程量清单计价领域产品的开发为例，研究了重用开发技术在软件各开发阶段的应用，讨论了软件的领域重用和层次重用等方面的问题,实现了软件产品领域横向重用和软件开发过程中的纵向层次重用,提高了软件产品的可重用性、开发效率和质量。     

基于代理的软件设计和软件重用

总结了目前的软件重用方法,指出其不足之处,提出了一种新的软件设计方法,基于代理的软件设计的三层体系结构模型,并给出了在敏捷从应链中的应用实例分析。     

软件复用技术研究

软件复用是解决软件危机、提高软件生产效率和质量的现实可行的途径。该文着重软件复用的基本概念及软件复用的思想,研究了软件复用的过程及实现,分析和研究了软件复用所采用的软件构件技术中的关键技术。探讨了软件复用技术未来的发展趋势。     

软件重用技术研究

目前软件重用技术已经成为内容非常广泛的研究领域,是当今软件工程领域中的一个研究热点。文中重点论述了目前研究得较多且应用较广泛的基于构件的软件重用技术,指出目前软件重用技术中存在的带有普遍性的问题,针对一些流行的关于软件重用的模糊、错误的认识进行了分析,并提出一些观点。