仿生超浸润核桃壳滤料制备及其采油污水处理性能研究

目的 通过对油田含油污水处理用核桃壳滤料进行润湿性改性,研究其是否能够有效提高核桃壳滤料对采出水的过滤效果,并选出最优改性方法,验证其改性稳定性和长效性。方法 选用粒径为1～3 mm的核桃壳滤料颗粒,经清洗干燥后分别用含氟的超双疏改性液、含辛基硅烷的超疏水超亲油改性液,以及含气相二氧化硅和环氧树脂的超亲水改性液进行润湿性改性,随后对其润湿性分离性能进行评价,并选出最优改性方案,研究改性后滤料的实地服役能力。结果 以核桃壳滤料为基础,通过表面修饰改性方法制备出具有超疏水/超疏油、超疏水/超亲油、超亲水/水下超疏油特性的核桃壳滤料,并通过过滤实验比较了未处理核桃壳滤料和这3种滤料的过滤效果,其过滤效率分别为57.62%、65.77%、61.26%、84.01%,反冲洗液的含油量分别为487.1、172.4、505.8、786.4 mg/L,超亲水/水下超疏油滤料的过滤效率和反洗液含油量最高,表明超亲水/水下超疏油核桃壳滤料可以提升过滤效果,并增强其反洗能力,可作为填充滤料;现场试验结果表明,经超亲水滤料过滤后的水质显著改善,浊度最高降低了83.4%,反冲洗周期≥24 h,展现出良好的应用价...     

PET薄膜的亲水改性研究

目的 探索对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜亲水改性的制备工艺,研究其是否能有效提高PET薄膜表面的亲水性。方法 将PET薄膜裁剪成1 cm×4 cm的矩形样条,样条放入盛有无水乙醇的离心管中超声清洗,经烘干后再放入叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)溶液中进行引发反应,引发完成的PET薄膜样条依次用无水乙醇、水超声清洗后放入PVP溶液进行改性,最后超声清洗并烘干放置24 h进行接触角测试与红外光谱测试,分别评价PET薄膜的亲水性与表面成分变化。结果 使用不同PVP进行改性,PVP-K90对PET薄膜的改性效果最佳,接触角下降最明显,其接触角为21.3°。研究不同浓度TBHP对接触角的影响,随着TBHP浓度增加,接触角逐渐减小,TBHP浓度为1%时,其接触角为28°。探究不同浓度PVP-K90对接触角的影响,随着PVP-K90浓度增加,接触角呈现先减小后略有增大的变化趋势,PVP-K90浓度为5%时达到最小值(24.2°)。最佳配方和工艺为：5%PVP-K90+1%TBHP,温度80℃,转速600 r/min,反应时间1 h。PET薄膜的接触角从改性前的81.7°下降到改性后的29.5°,亲水...     

表面改性对纳米SiO_2增强木纤维/PP复合材料微观结构及性能的影响

为研究经表面处理的纳米SiO_2在复合材料内的分散状态及其对复合材料性能的影响,选择硅烷偶联剂KH570对纳米SiO_2进行表面改性,分别通过激光粒度仪、傅里叶红外光谱分析仪、接触角测定仪表征纳米SiO_2的改性效果,采用XRD、SEM对经表面处理后的纳米SiO_2在木纤维/PP内的分散状态进行表征,测试并分析其力学性能、吸水膨胀率和吸水率。结果表明:当KH570的质量分数为5%时,纳米SiO_2的平均粒径为62nm,KH570可以成功接枝在纳米SiO_2表面。其对木纤维/PP复合材料的力学性能提高最优,吸水膨胀率与吸水率最低,弯曲强度达到52.6 MPa,拉伸强度为30MPa,冲击强度可以达到11.8kJ/m2;相比添加未经过表面改性的纳米SiO_2,分别提高了75%,20%和47.5%。     

硅烷偶联剂链长对纳米 TiO2表面改性的影响

采用具有不同链长的硅烷偶联剂KH570和KH171分别对纳米TiO2粒子进行了表面改性。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)、透射电镜(TEM)和润湿性实验等测试。结果表明:硅烷偶联剂有机链长的空间位阻效应对纳米粒子改性起关键作用。TEM表明经长链的KH570改性纳米TiO2分散效果更佳;热重分析和润湿性实验表明当长链KH570用量为10%时,纳米粒子表面接枝率和水接触角均达到最大,分别为8.05%和76.6°;红外光谱表明长链的KH570键合强度较KH171大。     

氯化亚锡和纳米二氧化硅对PET材料表面亲水性影响

目的 提高PET材料的表面亲水性.方法 氯化亚锡与PET共混成膜后,采用共混接枝法,在共混膜表面接枝氨基化改性的纳米二氧化硅,制备出强亲水的PET材料.采用静态接触角、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、原子力显微镜测试手段对PET材料表面进行表征.结果 氨基化改性的纳米二氧化硅能够成功接枝在氯化亚锡与PET共混材料表面.当氯化亚锡质量分数为0.3%时,共混膜接触角由98°下降到74.5°.共混膜接枝氨基化改性的纳米二氧化硅溶液20 h时,PET材料表面接触角由74.5°下降到7.8°,亲水性得到了极大提高.接枝膜浸泡于蒸馏水10 d后,PET材料表面接触角由7.8°上升至34.9°.结论 氯化亚锡与PET材料共混,接枝氨基化改性的纳米二氧化硅后极大地提高了PET材料表面的亲水性.     

硅烷偶联剂改性硅藻土及其对天然橡胶/丁苯橡胶补强效果的影响

用不同的硅烷偶联剂对硅藻土进行表面改性,并将改性前后的硅藻土替代白炭黑添加到天然橡胶/丁苯橡胶并用胶中,研究了改性工艺、机理及其对橡胶补强效果的影响规律。结果表明,偶联剂硅烷KH570或Si69的最佳用量均为1.2%,改性后硅藻土颗粒表面呈现一定的疏水性。未改性硅藻土替代白炭黑后填充在天然胶橡/丁苯橡胶中后材料的抗拉强度为14.9MPa,撕裂强度32.5kN/m,300%定伸应力5.0MPa。两种硅烷偶联剂改性硅藻土后均能提高材料的撕裂强度、抗拉强度和300%定伸应力,但是不利于提高材料的扯断伸长率。填充1.2%偶联剂硅烷KH570改性硅藻土制得的橡胶样片撕裂强度提高了7.4%,300%定伸应力提高了62%,抗拉强度提高了18.1%,但扯断伸长率降低了17.4%。填充1.2%偶联剂硅烷Si69改性硅藻土制得的橡胶样片撕裂强度提高了21.8%,300%定伸应力提高了68%,抗拉强度提高了9.2%,同样扯断伸长率降低了24.5%。机理分析表明,硅烷偶联剂与硅藻土颗粒表面的吸附方式为化学吸附。     

含氟树脂接枝玻璃微珠(HGB)的制备与表征

目的 为了提高HGB与聚合物的相容性及共混物的静态接触角.方法 分别用三类含氟树脂(聚醚301M型氟碳树脂、聚酯JF2X型氟碳树脂、PF500型氟硅树脂)改性HGB.通过红外光谱、热重测试,评价各类含氟树脂表面接枝HGB的接枝效果,并与未改性HGB进行比较.通过测试三类改性HGB与未改性HGB的接触角,比较四种HGB的疏水性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜分析表观形貌,观察表面粗糙度对改性HGB接枝效果的影响.通过EDS对HGB表面的元素种类及含量进行分析.结果 红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、EDS以及热重分析均证明,三类含氟树脂均成功接枝到HGB表面.由表面形貌可知,HGB表面接枝三类含氟树脂后,表面均变得粗糙,覆盖了一层包覆物.EDS测试发现,三类含氟树脂接枝的HGB均检出F元素,且氟硅树脂接枝的HGB的F元素最高.此外,经含氟树脂接枝的HGB静态接触角显著提高,聚酯型含氟树脂、聚醚型含氟树脂、氟硅树脂接枝的HGB的静态接触角分别为130.72°、146.80°、152.12°.结论 在常温条件下,该制备方法成功地将三种含氟树脂接枝到HGB表面,其中75℃下的接枝程度最高,最佳反应时间为10 h.     

马来酸酐聚丁二烯改性聚氨酯涂层的耐水及耐蚀性研究

目的改善聚氨酯涂层的耐水性和耐蚀性等综合性能。方法采用可反应型橡胶马来酸酐聚丁二烯(MAPB)化学改性聚氨酯,并通过红外光谱、接触角、耐水性及电化学阻抗谱等对复合涂层的结构与性能进行表征。结果通过比较分析红外光谱(FT-IR)中改性前后聚氨酯基团对应吸收峰的变化,确定了MAPB成功对聚氨酯进行化学改性。随着马来酸酐丁二烯用量的增加,改性聚氨酯涂料表面疏水性增强,吸水率降低,物理机械性能也得到提高。当加入MAPB含量约为3%～5%时,复合涂层的接触角由75°提高到了95°,吸水率由1.5%降低到最低约0.5%,硬度由3H提高到4H,附着力从4B提高为5B。另外,随着浸泡时间的增加,改性涂层的阻抗值下降的更缓慢,表明MAPB的加入提高了涂层的耐腐蚀性能,尤其是含3%马来酸酐丁二烯改性聚氨酯涂层的耐蚀性表现最优异,这也得到盐雾试验的进一步验证。结论加入约3%的马来酸酐丁二烯改性聚氨酯可大幅降低涂层的吸水率,同时涂层的耐蚀性等综合性能得到改善,这主要归因于可反应基团参与交联提高了涂层的致密度,及其主链烯烃的疏水特性提高了涂层阻隔水和腐蚀介质渗透扩散的能力。     

GO/Si3N4改性环氧树脂涂层防腐透波性能研究

目的 设计并制备集透波、耐蚀一体化天线罩防护涂层.方法 利用KH550与KH560硅烷偶联剂分别对GO与Si3N4进行改性,分别得到改性的f-GO与f-Si3N4,然后将两者进行复合,制得了不同配比的f-GO/f-Si3N4纳米复合材料,将所得纳米复合物填料对环氧树脂涂层进行改性.通过扫描电子显微镜解析改性填料在涂层中的分布状态,利用电化学交流阻抗、极化曲线、吸水试验等方法,分别评价改性涂层的吸水率、耐蚀性,利用介电常数与介电损耗正切值,评价涂层透波性能.结果 借助两种硅烷改性,实现了f-GO与f-Si3N4的化学键合复合.随着f-GO在复合填料中比例的增加,复合填料在环氧树脂涂层中的分散性先升高后下降.涂层极化曲线表明,GS-15改性的环氧树脂涂层具有最小的腐蚀电流密度(1.62×10–11 A/cm2)和最高的腐蚀电位(–0.462 V).涂层电化学阻抗测试表明,当涂层浸泡至3000 h后,GS-15涂层的|Z|0.01 Hz值为9.2×1010?·cm2,比GS-0涂层的低频阻抗模量高约2个数量级.涂层吸水率测试表明,GS-15改性环氧树脂涂层具有最小的吸水率.涂层介电性能测试表明,GS-15改性环氧树脂涂层的介电稳定性更高,同时具有最低的介电常数和介电损耗.结论 在环氧树脂中当复合填料的添加量为5％时,f-Si3N4与f-GO配比为7:3时,复合材料在环氧树脂涂层中的分散性最佳,涂层具有最好的耐腐蚀和透波性能.     

铝锆偶联剂表面修饰稀土长余辉发光材料的研究

采用TL系列铝锆偶联剂对铝酸盐长余辉发光颜料(夜光粉)SrMgAl4O8:Eu2 、Dy3 进行表面改性.通过水解pH值、电导率、ATR-FTIR、XRF、SEM分别表征了改性前后试样的变化.结果表明:采用12%添加量的TL-1铝锆偶联剂在70 ℃下反应1.5 h,对长余辉发光颜料的改性效果最好,耐水性最佳;试样余辉衰减曲线表明,表面改性对其发光性能影响不大.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.